Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... Recent experiments have addressed the question of how a change in the duration of the delay period is reflected in the time-varying delay activity (Kojima and Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Komura et al., 2001; Brody et al., 2003b). In these experiments the build-up of activity is stretched in time, rather th ...
... Recent experiments have addressed the question of how a change in the duration of the delay period is reflected in the time-varying delay activity (Kojima and Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Komura et al., 2001; Brody et al., 2003b). In these experiments the build-up of activity is stretched in time, rather th ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... primarily mNTS neurons mono-synaptically activated by solitary tract stimulation. mNTS neurons show varying degrees of delayed excitation, spike frequency adaptation and after hyperpolarizations. Sensory afferent transmission is mediated by glutamate acting at post-synaptic non-NMDA receptors. Gluta ...
... primarily mNTS neurons mono-synaptically activated by solitary tract stimulation. mNTS neurons show varying degrees of delayed excitation, spike frequency adaptation and after hyperpolarizations. Sensory afferent transmission is mediated by glutamate acting at post-synaptic non-NMDA receptors. Gluta ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... time-course of recovery from one species to another (cat and rat for example) (] ); such differences could also affect different strains of rats. The neural mechanisms underlying this tendency to normal resting activity are unknown. Neural inputs from the remaining labyrinth acting through brainstem ...
... time-course of recovery from one species to another (cat and rat for example) (] ); such differences could also affect different strains of rats. The neural mechanisms underlying this tendency to normal resting activity are unknown. Neural inputs from the remaining labyrinth acting through brainstem ...
SLEEP AND EEG
... and activate the cerebral cortex. These fibers are called Reticular Activating System. ...
... and activate the cerebral cortex. These fibers are called Reticular Activating System. ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... activity. In contrast, the great majority (58/69) of the non-lemniscal neurons presented spontaneous single spike activity. Medial lemniscus stimulation induced recurrent excitation and inhibition on cuneolemniscal and nonlemniscal cells. Some non-lemniscal neurons were activated by somatosensory co ...
... activity. In contrast, the great majority (58/69) of the non-lemniscal neurons presented spontaneous single spike activity. Medial lemniscus stimulation induced recurrent excitation and inhibition on cuneolemniscal and nonlemniscal cells. Some non-lemniscal neurons were activated by somatosensory co ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... stimuli. Here we ask whether neurons in the intermediate and deep layers of the SC are also involved in the interaction with objects. In two trained monkeys we found a large number of SC units that were specifically activated when the monkeys contacted and pushed a target that had been reached with ...
... stimuli. Here we ask whether neurons in the intermediate and deep layers of the SC are also involved in the interaction with objects. In two trained monkeys we found a large number of SC units that were specifically activated when the monkeys contacted and pushed a target that had been reached with ...
File
... selectively permeable for either one of them alone. Third, a positive ion concentration gradient from inside the membrane to the outside causes electronegativity inside the membrane. The reason for this phenomenon is that excess positive ions diffuse to the outside when their concentration is higher ...
... selectively permeable for either one of them alone. Third, a positive ion concentration gradient from inside the membrane to the outside causes electronegativity inside the membrane. The reason for this phenomenon is that excess positive ions diffuse to the outside when their concentration is higher ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector  is the relative contribution of ...
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector  is the relative contribution of ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... short-term change in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes in response to stimulation at non-gamma frequencies (less than 30 Hz), simulating background activity, but showed shortterm depression in such amplitudes ...
... short-term change in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes in response to stimulation at non-gamma frequencies (less than 30 Hz), simulating background activity, but showed shortterm depression in such amplitudes ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector % is the relative contribution of ...
... where the columns of the matrix X contain the covariates, which include indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector % is the relative contribution of ...
IBRO 2008
... cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike timing of pyramidal cells responsible for representations (refs 1,2). Space and time in the network ...
... cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike timing of pyramidal cells responsible for representations (refs 1,2). Space and time in the network ...
serotonin
... have marked effects on the functional properties of proteins. For example, RNA editing changes a single amino acid in the  subunit of the AMPA (␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptor, which dictates the gating properties of this ligand-gated ion channel (see ref. 12 for revi ...
... have marked effects on the functional properties of proteins. For example, RNA editing changes a single amino acid in the  subunit of the AMPA (␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptor, which dictates the gating properties of this ligand-gated ion channel (see ref. 12 for revi ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... Topographic Map of the Whiskers and Columnar Organization To visualize the organization of the mouse somatosensory cortex, Woolsey and van der Loos45 separated the cerebral cortex from the underlying structures. Then, they flattened the curved cortex between two slides and sectioned the slab in a ta ...
... Topographic Map of the Whiskers and Columnar Organization To visualize the organization of the mouse somatosensory cortex, Woolsey and van der Loos45 separated the cerebral cortex from the underlying structures. Then, they flattened the curved cortex between two slides and sectioned the slab in a ta ...
Morphological Changes in the Hippocampus Following Nicotine and
... Using histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase, Fluoro-Jade B dye and bis-benzimide 33342 Hoechst) we studied the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (NIC), kainic acid (KA) and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 35-day- ...
... Using histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase, Fluoro-Jade B dye and bis-benzimide 33342 Hoechst) we studied the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (NIC), kainic acid (KA) and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 35-day- ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... or population activity propagation speed (Yuste et al., 1997; Tominaga et al., 2000), to name but a few. Though it remains difficult to unequivocally attribute specific physiological meaning to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activit ...
... or population activity propagation speed (Yuste et al., 1997; Tominaga et al., 2000), to name but a few. Though it remains difficult to unequivocally attribute specific physiological meaning to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activit ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... correct for the barrel in which the unit is recorded, and largest in layers V and VI where most cells respond to deflections of several adjacent whiskers, sometimes as many as 20 or more (see also Ref. 5). Moreover, under these conditions, cortical vibrissa units, like those in the periphery (79), r ...
... correct for the barrel in which the unit is recorded, and largest in layers V and VI where most cells respond to deflections of several adjacent whiskers, sometimes as many as 20 or more (see also Ref. 5). Moreover, under these conditions, cortical vibrissa units, like those in the periphery (79), r ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... Broca provide the major cholinergic input to the EC (Beckstead, 1978; Alonso and Köhler, 1984; Insausti et al., 1987). Although there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons e ...
... Broca provide the major cholinergic input to the EC (Beckstead, 1978; Alonso and Köhler, 1984; Insausti et al., 1987). Although there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons e ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... entirely to learn – ultimately some learning but far behind Lesion dentate nucleus in controls reduces them to KO equivalent, implicates cerebellum specifically Conditional KO – CRE recombinase : Neo (hypomorph—low expression); CKO; KO Can turn on full expression of protein late in life; Want to stu ...
... entirely to learn – ultimately some learning but far behind Lesion dentate nucleus in controls reduces them to KO equivalent, implicates cerebellum specifically Conditional KO – CRE recombinase : Neo (hypomorph—low expression); CKO; KO Can turn on full expression of protein late in life; Want to stu ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... behavior of the animal and a reinforcing outcome (independently of behavior). Several psychological processes contribute to learning and instrumental performance (Dickinson, 1994). Behavior of humans and animals is often goal directed and can be flexibly modulated by motivation. Flexible representat ...
... behavior of the animal and a reinforcing outcome (independently of behavior). Several psychological processes contribute to learning and instrumental performance (Dickinson, 1994). Behavior of humans and animals is often goal directed and can be flexibly modulated by motivation. Flexible representat ...
KISHORE Aswathy - School of Computing
... from that discussed above. If for example, we have a ‘red circle’ and a ‘blue square’ in a visual scene, neurons representing the colours ‘red’ and ‘blue’ will be active and those representing the shapes ‘circle’ and ‘square’ will be active. When using the ‘compositional representation’ assumption, ...
... from that discussed above. If for example, we have a ‘red circle’ and a ‘blue square’ in a visual scene, neurons representing the colours ‘red’ and ‘blue’ will be active and those representing the shapes ‘circle’ and ‘square’ will be active. When using the ‘compositional representation’ assumption, ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... from the top of the section. The strategy was to focus on the top layer of the section that contained immunostained GABA-positive neurons and to restrict the counting of retrogradely labeled cell bodies to this layer. The resulting plots were overlaid onto plots of the adjacent, Nissl-stained sectio ...
... from the top of the section. The strategy was to focus on the top layer of the section that contained immunostained GABA-positive neurons and to restrict the counting of retrogradely labeled cell bodies to this layer. The resulting plots were overlaid onto plots of the adjacent, Nissl-stained sectio ...
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor
... selected for compound-dosing experiments. Electrophysiology Experiments. After behavioral validation of the presence of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced tactile allodynia, rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.2–1.6 g/kg i.p.). The right carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated separatel ...
... selected for compound-dosing experiments. Electrophysiology Experiments. After behavioral validation of the presence of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced tactile allodynia, rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.2–1.6 g/kg i.p.). The right carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated separatel ...
The neural basis of the speed–accuracy tradeoff - Eric
... briefly the neural mechanisms of decision making and the mathematical models of SAT. The neural basis of information accumulation For simple perceptual decisions (e.g. does the stimulus move left or right?), neural correlates of information accumulation have been found in multiple cortical and subco ...
... briefly the neural mechanisms of decision making and the mathematical models of SAT. The neural basis of information accumulation For simple perceptual decisions (e.g. does the stimulus move left or right?), neural correlates of information accumulation have been found in multiple cortical and subco ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... of excitation and 47 of inhibition against 9 of excitation followed by inhibition and 19 of inhibition followed by excitation). The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the sum ...
... of excitation and 47 of inhibition against 9 of excitation followed by inhibition and 19 of inhibition followed by excitation). The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the sum ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.