Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... Several decades ago (Moruzzi and Magoun, 1949), it was shown that electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation (BRF) transforms the slow and large amplitude electroencephalographic activity typical of anesthetized or sleeping animals into the fast and low amplitude activity typical of ...
... Several decades ago (Moruzzi and Magoun, 1949), it was shown that electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation (BRF) transforms the slow and large amplitude electroencephalographic activity typical of anesthetized or sleeping animals into the fast and low amplitude activity typical of ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, and combined perfusion of both agonists caused effects similar to an equivalent concentration of a single agonist. In a computational model of the piriform cortex, we have analyzed the effect of noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission on signa ...
... effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, and combined perfusion of both agonists caused effects similar to an equivalent concentration of a single agonist. In a computational model of the piriform cortex, we have analyzed the effect of noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission on signa ...
Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics
... analogues. The piracetam-like nootropics are capable of achieving reversal of amnesia induced by, e.g., scopolamine, electroconvulsive shock and hypoxia. Protection against barbiturate intoxication is observed and some benefit in clinical studies with patients suffering from mild to moderate degrees ...
... analogues. The piracetam-like nootropics are capable of achieving reversal of amnesia induced by, e.g., scopolamine, electroconvulsive shock and hypoxia. Protection against barbiturate intoxication is observed and some benefit in clinical studies with patients suffering from mild to moderate degrees ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... did not appear to be directly related to the decrease in EPSP amplitude induced by layer Ib stimulation. The stimulation necessary to induce neuronal firing with layer Ia stimulation was reduced in the presence of carbachol, whereas that necessary to induce neuronal firing with layer Ib stimulation ...
... did not appear to be directly related to the decrease in EPSP amplitude induced by layer Ib stimulation. The stimulation necessary to induce neuronal firing with layer Ia stimulation was reduced in the presence of carbachol, whereas that necessary to induce neuronal firing with layer Ib stimulation ...
Material and methods - HAL
... abolished the apomorphine-induced deficit in prepulse inhibition. These observations suggest that H3-receptor inverse agonists/antagonists deserve attention as a novel class of antipsychotic drugs endowed with pro-cognitive properties. ...
... abolished the apomorphine-induced deficit in prepulse inhibition. These observations suggest that H3-receptor inverse agonists/antagonists deserve attention as a novel class of antipsychotic drugs endowed with pro-cognitive properties. ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... Ferster’s laboratory in recent years have provided compelling evidence that the processing underlying simple cell orientation selectivity is indeed dominantly feed-forward. In one experiment [22], cortical preparations were cooled to block spiking, leaving transmission along and vesicle release from ...
... Ferster’s laboratory in recent years have provided compelling evidence that the processing underlying simple cell orientation selectivity is indeed dominantly feed-forward. In one experiment [22], cortical preparations were cooled to block spiking, leaving transmission along and vesicle release from ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... disinhibition, we will discuss this model more extensively later in this chapter. 1.1.5 CPGs in rodent spinal cord (rat and mouse) The isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat, introduced in 1987 by Kudo and Yamada, has now become a standard preparation to study mammalian CPGs. The rat is quite imma ...
... disinhibition, we will discuss this model more extensively later in this chapter. 1.1.5 CPGs in rodent spinal cord (rat and mouse) The isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat, introduced in 1987 by Kudo and Yamada, has now become a standard preparation to study mammalian CPGs. The rat is quite imma ...
Realistic synaptic inputs for model neural networks
... set e q d to the excitatory ne.The two -yes intersect at rates corresponding to a d e n t state, E = 0, an unstable intermediate state and a stable self-sustainedfiring state for whidt the firing rate is essentially the maximum srnglenevron rate. The firing rate for this state is unrealistically hig ...
... set e q d to the excitatory ne.The two -yes intersect at rates corresponding to a d e n t state, E = 0, an unstable intermediate state and a stable self-sustainedfiring state for whidt the firing rate is essentially the maximum srnglenevron rate. The firing rate for this state is unrealistically hig ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... To examine whether motor commands of two or more distinct laryngeal motor patterns converge onto a common premotor network, we conducted dual recordings from the laryngeal adductor motoneuron and its premotor neuron within the brainstem respiratory circuitry during fictive breathing, coughing, sneez ...
... To examine whether motor commands of two or more distinct laryngeal motor patterns converge onto a common premotor network, we conducted dual recordings from the laryngeal adductor motoneuron and its premotor neuron within the brainstem respiratory circuitry during fictive breathing, coughing, sneez ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... longer present in the environment is thought to be the neural correlate of working memory and it is known as persistent activity. It has been observed in many cortical areas of awake monkeys performing working memory tasks (Fuster, 1995; Goldman-Rakic, 1995). Apart from its implication in working me ...
... longer present in the environment is thought to be the neural correlate of working memory and it is known as persistent activity. It has been observed in many cortical areas of awake monkeys performing working memory tasks (Fuster, 1995; Goldman-Rakic, 1995). Apart from its implication in working me ...
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus activation contributes to
... to vasoconstriction, volume accumulation and exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity. The RAS has been implicated in the central processing of sympathetic nerve activity [9-12]. Recent studies demonstrated that RAS is activated in the PVN of heart failure rats and increased ANG II causes PVN neuronal ...
... to vasoconstriction, volume accumulation and exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity. The RAS has been implicated in the central processing of sympathetic nerve activity [9-12]. Recent studies demonstrated that RAS is activated in the PVN of heart failure rats and increased ANG II causes PVN neuronal ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... dependence on modified synaptic connections used in models of prefrontal cortex (PFC) working memory for familiar stimuli (Lisman et al., 1998; Durstewitz et al., 2000). This effect of acetylcholine could provide a buffer for novel stimuli in the entorhinal cortex that facilitates long-term encoding ...
... dependence on modified synaptic connections used in models of prefrontal cortex (PFC) working memory for familiar stimuli (Lisman et al., 1998; Durstewitz et al., 2000). This effect of acetylcholine could provide a buffer for novel stimuli in the entorhinal cortex that facilitates long-term encoding ...
Full-Text PDF
... circuit formation and refinement remain incompletely understood. While it is well established that sensory and neuronal activities induce structural remodeling of postsynaptic spines, axonal boutons also undergo activity-dependent growth and remodeling. Less is known about this process, but recent s ...
... circuit formation and refinement remain incompletely understood. While it is well established that sensory and neuronal activities induce structural remodeling of postsynaptic spines, axonal boutons also undergo activity-dependent growth and remodeling. Less is known about this process, but recent s ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... attacks, sleep fragmentation, cataplexy, sleep-onset REM sleep periods (SOREMP), and hypnagogic hallucinations. Recently, narcolepsy was linked with the loss of neurons containing the hypocretin (Hcrt) neuropeptides (Peyron et al., 2000; Thannickal et al., 2000). Narcoleptic patients have low CSF co ...
... attacks, sleep fragmentation, cataplexy, sleep-onset REM sleep periods (SOREMP), and hypnagogic hallucinations. Recently, narcolepsy was linked with the loss of neurons containing the hypocretin (Hcrt) neuropeptides (Peyron et al., 2000; Thannickal et al., 2000). Narcoleptic patients have low CSF co ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Stevens, 1968). Presumably, these ¯uctuations are to a large e ...
... It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Stevens, 1968). Presumably, these ¯uctuations are to a large e ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... explains why even neurons that are not part of the same local network should have a common crossing time. But first, we examine the data for evidence of this one-dimensional dynamics. Figure 2. Concept of One-Dimensional Dynamics An example of firing-rate space for N = 2 neurons. Visual (V), delay ( ...
... explains why even neurons that are not part of the same local network should have a common crossing time. But first, we examine the data for evidence of this one-dimensional dynamics. Figure 2. Concept of One-Dimensional Dynamics An example of firing-rate space for N = 2 neurons. Visual (V), delay ( ...
Neurologic Manifestations of Hypoglycemia
... in 20 non-diabetic subjects during controlled hypoglycemia.44 Significant reductions in speed of naming and labeling skills at hypoglycemia without associated impairment in accuracy has been observed.45 Immediate and delayed memory were impaired in 16 type 1 diabetic patients during controlled hypog ...
... in 20 non-diabetic subjects during controlled hypoglycemia.44 Significant reductions in speed of naming and labeling skills at hypoglycemia without associated impairment in accuracy has been observed.45 Immediate and delayed memory were impaired in 16 type 1 diabetic patients during controlled hypog ...
Action Potentials
... • Opening sodium channel produces graded potential • Resting membrane exposed to chemical • Sodium channel opens • Sodium ions enter the cell • Transmembrane potential rises ...
... • Opening sodium channel produces graded potential • Resting membrane exposed to chemical • Sodium channel opens • Sodium ions enter the cell • Transmembrane potential rises ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... forebrain (12, 20-23). Electrical stimulation of the LDTg-PPTg elicits cortical activation, while exciting thalamic neurons (24). Presumed cholinergic cells, which have been recorded across sleep-wake states, are most active in association with cortical activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, ...
... forebrain (12, 20-23). Electrical stimulation of the LDTg-PPTg elicits cortical activation, while exciting thalamic neurons (24). Presumed cholinergic cells, which have been recorded across sleep-wake states, are most active in association with cortical activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... parabelt region. This density gradient reflects progressive reductions in both staining density and width of the IIIb/IV band along the core–belt–parabelt axis. Although the functional significance of these anatomical gradients is not well understood, it is reasonable to suppose that they contribute t ...
... parabelt region. This density gradient reflects progressive reductions in both staining density and width of the IIIb/IV band along the core–belt–parabelt axis. Although the functional significance of these anatomical gradients is not well understood, it is reasonable to suppose that they contribute t ...
How Do Neurons Convey Information?
... between the tip of the recording electrode and the reference causes a current to flow through the voltmeter, deflecting a needle that indicates the voltage. Richard Caton, a Scottish physician who lived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was the first person to attempt to measure ...
... between the tip of the recording electrode and the reference causes a current to flow through the voltmeter, deflecting a needle that indicates the voltage. Richard Caton, a Scottish physician who lived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was the first person to attempt to measure ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... que los mecanismos de fatiga tienen un papel débil pero significativo en la determinación de la duración de los intervalos U y D, mientras que los inputs externos o las fluctuaciones de la actividad durante los U, podrían tener un gran impacto generando las transiciones entre UP/DOWN. Por otra parte ...
... que los mecanismos de fatiga tienen un papel débil pero significativo en la determinación de la duración de los intervalos U y D, mientras que los inputs externos o las fluctuaciones de la actividad durante los U, podrían tener un gran impacto generando las transiciones entre UP/DOWN. Por otra parte ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... To investigate the neural circuit mechanism of stimulusselective persistent activity underlying working memory, we have developed a biophysically constrained network model of spiking neurons for the ODR experiment (Camperi and Wang 1998; Compte et al. 2000; Renart et al. 2003). This model is endowed ...
... To investigate the neural circuit mechanism of stimulusselective persistent activity underlying working memory, we have developed a biophysically constrained network model of spiking neurons for the ODR experiment (Camperi and Wang 1998; Compte et al. 2000; Renart et al. 2003). This model is endowed ...
Title Modulation of Conditioned Fear, Fear
... Fear can illicit complex changes in neuronal processing in the descending inhibitory pain pathway. Brain regions critically involved in the descending inhibitory pain pathway include the basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the ro ...
... Fear can illicit complex changes in neuronal processing in the descending inhibitory pain pathway. Brain regions critically involved in the descending inhibitory pain pathway include the basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the ro ...
Pallidal Origin of GABA Release within the Substantia Nigra Pars
... 3A, Table 1), ipsilaterally to the lesion. In the SNr of SNc-lesioned rats, the mean Glu level was 4.21 ⫾ 0.81 M (n ⫽ 5), 9.5 times ( p ⬍ 0.05) the basal levels reported previously for control intact animals (0.44 ⫾ 0.06 M; n ⫽ 7) (Windels et al., 2000). The Glu level in the GP was 16 times higher ...
... 3A, Table 1), ipsilaterally to the lesion. In the SNr of SNc-lesioned rats, the mean Glu level was 4.21 ⫾ 0.81 M (n ⫽ 5), 9.5 times ( p ⬍ 0.05) the basal levels reported previously for control intact animals (0.44 ⫾ 0.06 M; n ⫽ 7) (Windels et al., 2000). The Glu level in the GP was 16 times higher ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.