Morphological Changes in the Hippocampus Following Nicotine and
... Using histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase, Fluoro-Jade B dye and bis-benzimide 33342 Hoechst) we studied the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (NIC), kainic acid (KA) and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 35-day- ...
... Using histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase, Fluoro-Jade B dye and bis-benzimide 33342 Hoechst) we studied the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (NIC), kainic acid (KA) and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 35-day- ...
BDNF-modulated Spatial Organization of Cajal
... occupied by GABAergic neurons. In nestin-BDNF mice, the early development of CR cells is preserved, exhibiting normal morphology and distribution at E14 and earlier stages. Subsequently, at E16, CR cells began to reorganize in the MZ, leaving empty areas, forming cell clusters, and sending their axo ...
... occupied by GABAergic neurons. In nestin-BDNF mice, the early development of CR cells is preserved, exhibiting normal morphology and distribution at E14 and earlier stages. Subsequently, at E16, CR cells began to reorganize in the MZ, leaving empty areas, forming cell clusters, and sending their axo ...
The Stress-Induced Atf3-Gelsolin Cascade Underlies
... Arc, have been implicated in the synaptic deficits associated with autism (Auerbach et al., 2011; Gkogkas et al., 2013; EbrahimiFakhari and Sahin, 2015); however, systematic translational profiling in these mTOR pathology disease models is lacking. TSC is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder c ...
... Arc, have been implicated in the synaptic deficits associated with autism (Auerbach et al., 2011; Gkogkas et al., 2013; EbrahimiFakhari and Sahin, 2015); however, systematic translational profiling in these mTOR pathology disease models is lacking. TSC is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder c ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
approved
... An infant’s cheeks appear full because of the buc-cal fatpad between the buccinator muscle and the superficial facial muscles. These fatpads in the cheeks are present in adults, but they are much smaller than in infants. In this region are located: facial, angular, transverse facial, infraorbital, ...
... An infant’s cheeks appear full because of the buc-cal fatpad between the buccinator muscle and the superficial facial muscles. These fatpads in the cheeks are present in adults, but they are much smaller than in infants. In this region are located: facial, angular, transverse facial, infraorbital, ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
PDF
... 2. Actor – critic models of reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia 2.1. Houk, Adams, and Barto (1995) One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, wh ...
... 2. Actor – critic models of reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia 2.1. Houk, Adams, and Barto (1995) One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, wh ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint Slides PDF - CM
... • Pharmacology and sympathetic nervous system receptors: different subtypes of sympathetic nervous system receptors have provided targets for medication therapy for many different disease states, including asthma and hypertension ...
... • Pharmacology and sympathetic nervous system receptors: different subtypes of sympathetic nervous system receptors have provided targets for medication therapy for many different disease states, including asthma and hypertension ...
Extracellular Matrix Molecules and Cell Adhesion Molecules Induce
... in the induction of axon growth includes members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (NCAM, L1/SD9, Fll/contactin, neurofascin, TAG-I, and MAG) and the calcium-dependent CAM, N-cadherin (Bixby et al., 1987; Doherty et al., 1989; Moos et al., 1988; Chang et al., 1987; Lagenauer and Lemmon; 1987; Brumme ...
... in the induction of axon growth includes members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (NCAM, L1/SD9, Fll/contactin, neurofascin, TAG-I, and MAG) and the calcium-dependent CAM, N-cadherin (Bixby et al., 1987; Doherty et al., 1989; Moos et al., 1988; Chang et al., 1987; Lagenauer and Lemmon; 1987; Brumme ...
Neurotransmitters: Their Role Within the Body
... or more types of receptors. The effect on the postsynaptic cell depends entirely on the properties of the receptors. It so happens that for some neurotransmitters (for example, glutamate), the most important receptors all have excitatory effects: that is, they increase the probability that the targe ...
... or more types of receptors. The effect on the postsynaptic cell depends entirely on the properties of the receptors. It so happens that for some neurotransmitters (for example, glutamate), the most important receptors all have excitatory effects: that is, they increase the probability that the targe ...
avian brain nomenclature forum
... the lobus parolfactorius, the paleostriatum augmentatum, the paleostriatum primitivum, the majority of the septum and several basal forebrain groups that include the large cholinergic cells and the stria terminalis nuclear complex (part of it erroneously named nucleus accumbens in the past; see bel ...
... the lobus parolfactorius, the paleostriatum augmentatum, the paleostriatum primitivum, the majority of the septum and several basal forebrain groups that include the large cholinergic cells and the stria terminalis nuclear complex (part of it erroneously named nucleus accumbens in the past; see bel ...
Cerebellar Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology
... pons, therefore cross on entry and exit. Ascending connections from the spinal cord largely do not. Figure 2-2 shows a schema of the key pathways through the peduncles, and additional detail is provided in Table 2-4. ...
... pons, therefore cross on entry and exit. Ascending connections from the spinal cord largely do not. Figure 2-2 shows a schema of the key pathways through the peduncles, and additional detail is provided in Table 2-4. ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... threshold, we again evaluated 10 functions at random using a MATLAB algorithm. In 9 of 10 cases tested, algorithmic and visual judgments were in agreement; as before, this result was considered adequate validation of the visual method. One measure of the robustness of inhibition was the threshold di ...
... threshold, we again evaluated 10 functions at random using a MATLAB algorithm. In 9 of 10 cases tested, algorithmic and visual judgments were in agreement; as before, this result was considered adequate validation of the visual method. One measure of the robustness of inhibition was the threshold di ...
Ergonomics
... The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. ...
... The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. ...
Studies of the Role of the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation
... Descriptions of the on-direction of burst neurons in PPRF found in more recent papers are usually secondary to the major purpose of the paper. For example, the evidence that the on-direction short-lead burst neurons (SLBNs) can have a large vertical component was obtained, primarily, from intra-axon ...
... Descriptions of the on-direction of burst neurons in PPRF found in more recent papers are usually secondary to the major purpose of the paper. For example, the evidence that the on-direction short-lead burst neurons (SLBNs) can have a large vertical component was obtained, primarily, from intra-axon ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... presence of Purkinje cells in the goldfish vestibulolateral lobe by recording their signature mossy and climbing fiber responses and visualizing a typical somadendritic morphology including axonal projections to the octaval nuclei (Highstein et al. 1992; McCormick and Braford 1994). The major object ...
... presence of Purkinje cells in the goldfish vestibulolateral lobe by recording their signature mossy and climbing fiber responses and visualizing a typical somadendritic morphology including axonal projections to the octaval nuclei (Highstein et al. 1992; McCormick and Braford 1994). The major object ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
PDF
... Genetic ablation of Gde2 results in deficits in alpha motoneurons of the limb-innervating lateral motor column (LMC); namely, early-born LMC motor pool formation is delayed and late-born LMC motor pools fail to differentiate (Sabharwal et al., 2011; Kanning et al., 2010). Based on these observations ...
... Genetic ablation of Gde2 results in deficits in alpha motoneurons of the limb-innervating lateral motor column (LMC); namely, early-born LMC motor pool formation is delayed and late-born LMC motor pools fail to differentiate (Sabharwal et al., 2011; Kanning et al., 2010). Based on these observations ...
How microglia kill neurons
... The cysteine protease B – cathepsin B – released by activated microglia has been shown to be neurotoxic in the context of neurodegenerative diseases (Gan et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2007; Kingham and Pocock 2001) (Fig. 2). Activating BV-2 microglia with Aβ upregulated expression of cathepsin B, and do ...
... The cysteine protease B – cathepsin B – released by activated microglia has been shown to be neurotoxic in the context of neurodegenerative diseases (Gan et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2007; Kingham and Pocock 2001) (Fig. 2). Activating BV-2 microglia with Aβ upregulated expression of cathepsin B, and do ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... frequency coincidence detection (XFCD), where a central neuron would fire more when its AN inputs with different CF discharge in synchrony [4]. To evaluate whether such coincidence detection occurs in the cochlear nucleus (CN), we recorded from AN fibers and CN neurons in anesthetized cat using stim ...
... frequency coincidence detection (XFCD), where a central neuron would fire more when its AN inputs with different CF discharge in synchrony [4]. To evaluate whether such coincidence detection occurs in the cochlear nucleus (CN), we recorded from AN fibers and CN neurons in anesthetized cat using stim ...
The Nervous System
... contains all portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, right down to nerves in the tips of the fingers and toes. If your brain could not collect information about the world by means of a peripheral nervous system, it would be like a radio without a receiver. In the peripheral ...
... contains all portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, right down to nerves in the tips of the fingers and toes. If your brain could not collect information about the world by means of a peripheral nervous system, it would be like a radio without a receiver. In the peripheral ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... neuronal activity. Most of them, however, had a bias due to an exclusive focus on the firing rates of individual neurons of neocortices. Neuronal operant conditioning should be used to explore the extent to which synchronous activity in neurons can be volitionally enhanced. Synchronous neuronal acti ...
... neuronal activity. Most of them, however, had a bias due to an exclusive focus on the firing rates of individual neurons of neocortices. Neuronal operant conditioning should be used to explore the extent to which synchronous activity in neurons can be volitionally enhanced. Synchronous neuronal acti ...
Response Characteristics of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons in
... The beam covers the entire width of the vertebra and the length is ⬃1–2 mm. The penetration of the laser for the 10-min duration of irradiation is confined to dorsal spinal cord as estimated from the resulting injury. During irradiation, the animal’s temperature was maintained between 37 and 38°C. T ...
... The beam covers the entire width of the vertebra and the length is ⬃1–2 mm. The penetration of the laser for the 10-min duration of irradiation is confined to dorsal spinal cord as estimated from the resulting injury. During irradiation, the animal’s temperature was maintained between 37 and 38°C. T ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... the vertical canal-related neurons also responded to horizontal canal stimulation. None of the vertical canal-related neurons responded to static tilt. Otolith-related neurons (n Å 25) had a phase relation close to head position and were considerably less numerous than canal-related neurons. Except ...
... the vertical canal-related neurons also responded to horizontal canal stimulation. None of the vertical canal-related neurons responded to static tilt. Otolith-related neurons (n Å 25) had a phase relation close to head position and were considerably less numerous than canal-related neurons. Except ...