Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... the vertical canal-related neurons also responded to horizontal canal stimulation. None of the vertical canal-related neurons responded to static tilt. Otolith-related neurons (n Å 25) had a phase relation close to head position and were considerably less numerous than canal-related neurons. Except ...
... the vertical canal-related neurons also responded to horizontal canal stimulation. None of the vertical canal-related neurons responded to static tilt. Otolith-related neurons (n Å 25) had a phase relation close to head position and were considerably less numerous than canal-related neurons. Except ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... neuronal activity. Most of them, however, had a bias due to an exclusive focus on the firing rates of individual neurons of neocortices. Neuronal operant conditioning should be used to explore the extent to which synchronous activity in neurons can be volitionally enhanced. Synchronous neuronal acti ...
... neuronal activity. Most of them, however, had a bias due to an exclusive focus on the firing rates of individual neurons of neocortices. Neuronal operant conditioning should be used to explore the extent to which synchronous activity in neurons can be volitionally enhanced. Synchronous neuronal acti ...
Biological Foundations of Behavior
... – Cell body: central part of nerve cell; contains nucleus or cell’s control center – Dendrites: small branches extending from cell; receive messages from other neurons ...
... – Cell body: central part of nerve cell; contains nucleus or cell’s control center – Dendrites: small branches extending from cell; receive messages from other neurons ...
LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT
... – Cell body: central part of nerve cell; contains nucleus or cell’s control center – Dendrites: small branches extending from cell; receive messages from other neurons ...
... – Cell body: central part of nerve cell; contains nucleus or cell’s control center – Dendrites: small branches extending from cell; receive messages from other neurons ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
Leptin Receptor Signaling and Action in the Central Nervous System
... db/db mice) in rodents and humans results in increased food intake in combination with a phenotype of reduced energy expenditure reminiscent of the neuroendocrine starvation response (1,2,4). Leptin also regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis by two mechanisms: one by controlling ener ...
... db/db mice) in rodents and humans results in increased food intake in combination with a phenotype of reduced energy expenditure reminiscent of the neuroendocrine starvation response (1,2,4). Leptin also regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis by two mechanisms: one by controlling ener ...
Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the adult
... have given promising results although the clinical outcome has so far been highly variable (Lindvall & Bjorklund, 2004; Olanow & Fahn, 2006). In these trials the cells have been implanted into the striatum, i.e. in close proximity to the target cells, rather than in the substantia nigra (SN) where t ...
... have given promising results although the clinical outcome has so far been highly variable (Lindvall & Bjorklund, 2004; Olanow & Fahn, 2006). In these trials the cells have been implanted into the striatum, i.e. in close proximity to the target cells, rather than in the substantia nigra (SN) where t ...
OLED_Optogenetics_abstract_v3_wo_links
... microscopic patterning of the device. Recently, OLED microdisplays were used to stimulate and study locomotion of light-sensitive algae cells [2] and for optogenetic stimulation of HEK cells [3]. These cells can be stimulated at rather low brightness Fig. 1. Photograph of blue illumination (≈ 1 µW/c ...
... microscopic patterning of the device. Recently, OLED microdisplays were used to stimulate and study locomotion of light-sensitive algae cells [2] and for optogenetic stimulation of HEK cells [3]. These cells can be stimulated at rather low brightness Fig. 1. Photograph of blue illumination (≈ 1 µW/c ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... Animal Care and Use Committee. These animals had undergone previous surgery under barbituate anesthesia for placement of both a chronic recording cylinder for acute daily recordings and a scleral eye coil for detecting eye position. The recording cylinders (19- and 25-mm diam) were positioned over t ...
... Animal Care and Use Committee. These animals had undergone previous surgery under barbituate anesthesia for placement of both a chronic recording cylinder for acute daily recordings and a scleral eye coil for detecting eye position. The recording cylinders (19- and 25-mm diam) were positioned over t ...
supplemental figures
... started being activated from trigger (neuron #157). (b) An example of neurons first inhibited at trigger, then activated after trigger (neuron #197). (c) An example of neurons started being activated before the trigger (neuron #233). The inset color bar in all panels beside x axis is thermograph of ...
... started being activated from trigger (neuron #157). (b) An example of neurons first inhibited at trigger, then activated after trigger (neuron #197). (c) An example of neurons started being activated before the trigger (neuron #233). The inset color bar in all panels beside x axis is thermograph of ...
PDF
... Alibardi, personal communication). These data emphasize that mossy fibers represent a rich and varied population in the GCD. Anterograde tracing methods have shown that the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the cat projected into the GCD (Itoh et al. 1987). Retrograde labeling studies have confirmed thes ...
... Alibardi, personal communication). These data emphasize that mossy fibers represent a rich and varied population in the GCD. Anterograde tracing methods have shown that the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the cat projected into the GCD (Itoh et al. 1987). Retrograde labeling studies have confirmed thes ...
The peripheral nervous system-
... thereby redefining the CNS/non-CNS boundary. The observations of early workers (e.g. see Cajal, 1928; Brown and McCouch, 1947), that the regrowing tips of damaged axons are arrested by the dense aggregation of astrocytes and collagen that follow trauma, led to the barrier hypothesis. This hypothesis ...
... thereby redefining the CNS/non-CNS boundary. The observations of early workers (e.g. see Cajal, 1928; Brown and McCouch, 1947), that the regrowing tips of damaged axons are arrested by the dense aggregation of astrocytes and collagen that follow trauma, led to the barrier hypothesis. This hypothesis ...
Hearing in a diurnal, mute butterfly, Morpho peleides
... Butterflies use visual and chemical cues when interacting with their environment, but the role of hearing is poorly understood in these insects. Nymphalidae (brush-footed) butterflies occur worldwide in almost all habitats and continents, and comprise more than 6,000 species. In many species a unique ...
... Butterflies use visual and chemical cues when interacting with their environment, but the role of hearing is poorly understood in these insects. Nymphalidae (brush-footed) butterflies occur worldwide in almost all habitats and continents, and comprise more than 6,000 species. In many species a unique ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... Abstract—Both GABA and glycine (Gly) containing neurons send inhibitory projections to the inferior colliculus (IC), whereas inhibitory neurons within the IC are primarily GABAergic. To date, however, a quantitative description of the topographic distribution of GABAergic neurons in the rat’s IC and ...
... Abstract—Both GABA and glycine (Gly) containing neurons send inhibitory projections to the inferior colliculus (IC), whereas inhibitory neurons within the IC are primarily GABAergic. To date, however, a quantitative description of the topographic distribution of GABAergic neurons in the rat’s IC and ...
THE PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS: Towards a Functional
... neurons. By tracing the projections from the PPN and labelling the cholinergic cells, Semba and colleagues (1990) observed that some of the projection cells, which were negative for ChAT, were located dorsal to the population that were positive for ChAT. In other words, classical targets of the PPN ...
... neurons. By tracing the projections from the PPN and labelling the cholinergic cells, Semba and colleagues (1990) observed that some of the projection cells, which were negative for ChAT, were located dorsal to the population that were positive for ChAT. In other words, classical targets of the PPN ...
Dynamic and integrative aspects of the regulation of reproduction by
... of GnRH pulses, and consequently LH pulses, is the code used by the nervous system to control gonadal function. The network of neurons that controls GnRH secretion is thought to be the most direct pathway via which many factors influence gonadal activity, including metabolic status (review: [2]). It ...
... of GnRH pulses, and consequently LH pulses, is the code used by the nervous system to control gonadal function. The network of neurons that controls GnRH secretion is thought to be the most direct pathway via which many factors influence gonadal activity, including metabolic status (review: [2]). It ...
ch_16_lecture_presentation
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the ...
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the ...
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
... opsins have been difficult to generate, as indicated by recent characterization of a ChR2 Cre reporter20. To our knowledge, no transgenic line with Cre-dependent expression of a silencing opsin has yet been described. However, efforts to overcome the limitations of early versions of silencing opsins ...
... opsins have been difficult to generate, as indicated by recent characterization of a ChR2 Cre reporter20. To our knowledge, no transgenic line with Cre-dependent expression of a silencing opsin has yet been described. However, efforts to overcome the limitations of early versions of silencing opsins ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... different neuronal cell types and a diverse range of glia1,2. It is the region of the brain responsible for cognitive function, sensory perception and consciousness, and as such it has undergone pronounced expansion and development during evolution3. There are two broad classes of cortical neurons: ...
... different neuronal cell types and a diverse range of glia1,2. It is the region of the brain responsible for cognitive function, sensory perception and consciousness, and as such it has undergone pronounced expansion and development during evolution3. There are two broad classes of cortical neurons: ...
the spinal cord and spinal nerves
... remembering past events, providing signals that control body movements and regulating the operation of internal organs. These diverse activities are grouped into three basic functions: sensory, integrative and motor. Sensory function. The sensory receptors detect many different types of stimuli, bot ...
... remembering past events, providing signals that control body movements and regulating the operation of internal organs. These diverse activities are grouped into three basic functions: sensory, integrative and motor. Sensory function. The sensory receptors detect many different types of stimuli, bot ...
Presumed Apoptosis and Reduced Arcuate Nucleus
... TUNEL+ cells in hypoglycemic brains. A survey of sections through the entire brain showed only 2 areas in which there were cells exhibiting the TUNEL reaction (Fig. 2). The results were similar for animals subjected to either 1 or 3 bouts of hypoglycemia (Table 1) and for those given insulin by intr ...
... TUNEL+ cells in hypoglycemic brains. A survey of sections through the entire brain showed only 2 areas in which there were cells exhibiting the TUNEL reaction (Fig. 2). The results were similar for animals subjected to either 1 or 3 bouts of hypoglycemia (Table 1) and for those given insulin by intr ...
found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... Fig. 1. Behavioral and neural recordings from freely flying bats. (A) Egyptian fruit bats were flying freely in a large cuboid-shaped room, searching for food hidden in the arms of an artificial tree in the center of the room. cam1 and -2, cameras; mic1 and -2, ultrasonic microphones; ant1 and -2, r ...
... Fig. 1. Behavioral and neural recordings from freely flying bats. (A) Egyptian fruit bats were flying freely in a large cuboid-shaped room, searching for food hidden in the arms of an artificial tree in the center of the room. cam1 and -2, cameras; mic1 and -2, ultrasonic microphones; ant1 and -2, r ...