Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... medially, and laterally. The results of these injections are included for 2 main reasons.First, since our data indicate that neurons in the marginal zone of the spinal cord do not appear to project to Sm, it is possiblethat they may project to an area near Sm. Theseinjections should reveal the prese ...
... medially, and laterally. The results of these injections are included for 2 main reasons.First, since our data indicate that neurons in the marginal zone of the spinal cord do not appear to project to Sm, it is possiblethat they may project to an area near Sm. Theseinjections should reveal the prese ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell column and intercalated nucleus. In all SPNs, electrical stimulation of the RVLM evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ...
... of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell column and intercalated nucleus. In all SPNs, electrical stimulation of the RVLM evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... cells undergoing cell division; the intermediate zone (IZ), which can be further subdivided into the radiations (RA) and the subplate (SP); the cell-dense cortical plate (CP), which contains the accumulating postmigratory neurons of the adult cerebral cortex; and the marginal zone (MZ) (Boulder Comm ...
... cells undergoing cell division; the intermediate zone (IZ), which can be further subdivided into the radiations (RA) and the subplate (SP); the cell-dense cortical plate (CP), which contains the accumulating postmigratory neurons of the adult cerebral cortex; and the marginal zone (MZ) (Boulder Comm ...
N.L. Strominger et al. Cerebellum, in Noback`s Human
... delicately regulating and grading muscle tensions. Thus, it plays an important role in equilibrium and muscle tone. Located in the posterior cranial fossa, beneath the tentorium cerebelli and behind the pons and medulla, the cerebellum processes sensory input related to the ongoing motor activity, a ...
... delicately regulating and grading muscle tensions. Thus, it plays an important role in equilibrium and muscle tone. Located in the posterior cranial fossa, beneath the tentorium cerebelli and behind the pons and medulla, the cerebellum processes sensory input related to the ongoing motor activity, a ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... not based on dedicated functional (and neural) mechanisms. General sensory and motor systems may implement imitative abilities through mechanisms that are strongly reminiscent of Hebbian learning. One of the corollaries of this assumption is that imitation should not be confined to specific lineages. ...
... not based on dedicated functional (and neural) mechanisms. General sensory and motor systems may implement imitative abilities through mechanisms that are strongly reminiscent of Hebbian learning. One of the corollaries of this assumption is that imitation should not be confined to specific lineages. ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in hum ...
... precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in hum ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... A discrete electrolytic lesion, having a roughly columnar shape approximately 4 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter, was made on the midline between the abducens nuclei. This was done by positioning a tungsten microelectrode using the stereotaxic map, and advancing it into the brainstem in five 1 mm steps. ...
... A discrete electrolytic lesion, having a roughly columnar shape approximately 4 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter, was made on the midline between the abducens nuclei. This was done by positioning a tungsten microelectrode using the stereotaxic map, and advancing it into the brainstem in five 1 mm steps. ...
AP2B Ch 14 ANS 2015
... • Preganglionic neurons in T1 – L2 (lateral horn) • Preganglionic fibers white rami communicantes sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia (chain ganglia) ...
... • Preganglionic neurons in T1 – L2 (lateral horn) • Preganglionic fibers white rami communicantes sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia (chain ganglia) ...
6-1 Nervous System
... inch long) organized into nuclei form lateral walls of third ventricle right and left halves are joined by bridge of gray matter called intermediate mass principal relay station allows crude recognition of sensations; pain, temperature, or pressure ...
... inch long) organized into nuclei form lateral walls of third ventricle right and left halves are joined by bridge of gray matter called intermediate mass principal relay station allows crude recognition of sensations; pain, temperature, or pressure ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
The Beautiful Brain - Weisman Art Museum
... continuous network that others had seen was actually made up of discrete cells that were separated by gaps, called synapses. With the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s, which magnified images to a much greater extent than the light microscopes used by Cajal, the Neuron Doctrine was conc ...
... continuous network that others had seen was actually made up of discrete cells that were separated by gaps, called synapses. With the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s, which magnified images to a much greater extent than the light microscopes used by Cajal, the Neuron Doctrine was conc ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, 00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland sensory stimulation. These results indicate that most prefrontal neurons firing selectively during the delay phase of the DA task are highly specialized and process only task-related information. ...
... Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, 00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland sensory stimulation. These results indicate that most prefrontal neurons firing selectively during the delay phase of the DA task are highly specialized and process only task-related information. ...
Emergence of Mirror Neurons in a Model of Gaze Following
... in layer 9 share many characteristics with classical mirror neurons. First, a unit in this layer will usually be active during the execution of a gaze shift to a certain location in space. This is because the probability of performing such a gaze shift is directly related to the activation of the un ...
... in layer 9 share many characteristics with classical mirror neurons. First, a unit in this layer will usually be active during the execution of a gaze shift to a certain location in space. This is because the probability of performing such a gaze shift is directly related to the activation of the un ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... retinotopically defined cortical area. The portion of the visual field representation that contained callosal neurons increased progressively from the area 17/18 border to area 19, to areas 20 and 21, and to the lateral suprasylvian visual areas. In area 17, the portion of the visual field represent ...
... retinotopically defined cortical area. The portion of the visual field representation that contained callosal neurons increased progressively from the area 17/18 border to area 19, to areas 20 and 21, and to the lateral suprasylvian visual areas. In area 17, the portion of the visual field represent ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... Pyramidal neurons in the subiculum typically display either bursting or regular-spiking behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bu ...
... Pyramidal neurons in the subiculum typically display either bursting or regular-spiking behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bu ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... Suga 1965; Yang et al. 1992). In addition to regions near the excitatory frequency response curve, tones at frequencies that are distant from the excitatory curve by an octave or more also decrease or facilitate excitatory responses (Mittman and Wenstrup 1995). These phenomena are simply inherited f ...
... Suga 1965; Yang et al. 1992). In addition to regions near the excitatory frequency response curve, tones at frequencies that are distant from the excitatory curve by an octave or more also decrease or facilitate excitatory responses (Mittman and Wenstrup 1995). These phenomena are simply inherited f ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... variances inherent in small sample sizes. We calculated bias in two different ways. First, we calculated the amount of information from the original data and from bootstrapped trials. In bootstrapped trials, the relationship between a neuron’s firing rate and the vocalization was randomized and then ...
... variances inherent in small sample sizes. We calculated bias in two different ways. First, we calculated the amount of information from the original data and from bootstrapped trials. In bootstrapped trials, the relationship between a neuron’s firing rate and the vocalization was randomized and then ...
Lab 10 – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue
... activities of the body’s cells and organs through conduction of electrical impulses and secretion of chemical neurotransmitters. ...
... activities of the body’s cells and organs through conduction of electrical impulses and secretion of chemical neurotransmitters. ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... traditionally been viewed as a part of the indirect pathway that relays signals in the striatum to the output nodes of the basal ganglia via the subthalamic nucleus (Alexander and Crutcher 1990). Recent anatomical data show that neurons in the GPe also have direct access to all other nuclei in the b ...
... traditionally been viewed as a part of the indirect pathway that relays signals in the striatum to the output nodes of the basal ganglia via the subthalamic nucleus (Alexander and Crutcher 1990). Recent anatomical data show that neurons in the GPe also have direct access to all other nuclei in the b ...
Structural Repair and Functional Recovery Following Cerebral
... for chemotactic and growth-promoting agents and axonal guidance by preferential adhesion to a connective tissue sheath. This latter proposed mechanism accounts for the observed sequence in which the neural elements unite in the tract stage and for the pattern of failures that result when the sheath ...
... for chemotactic and growth-promoting agents and axonal guidance by preferential adhesion to a connective tissue sheath. This latter proposed mechanism accounts for the observed sequence in which the neural elements unite in the tract stage and for the pattern of failures that result when the sheath ...
PDF file
... to a few well-known limitations in prior neural network models (e.g., see the array of criticisms by Marvin Minsky in Minsky, 1991). Weng (2011) argued that we have overcome such limitations. The motivational systems are often referred to as diffuse systems in the sense that each modulatory neuron i ...
... to a few well-known limitations in prior neural network models (e.g., see the array of criticisms by Marvin Minsky in Minsky, 1991). Weng (2011) argued that we have overcome such limitations. The motivational systems are often referred to as diffuse systems in the sense that each modulatory neuron i ...
Nervous Systems
... • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness ...
... • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness ...