What Is the Nervous System?
... Types of Neurons • Sensory Neurons Information about your external and internal environment is gathered by sensory neurons through your sense organs or other parts of your body. • Interneurons Located only in the brain and spinal cord, interneurons pass impulses from one neuron to another. • Motor N ...
... Types of Neurons • Sensory Neurons Information about your external and internal environment is gathered by sensory neurons through your sense organs or other parts of your body. • Interneurons Located only in the brain and spinal cord, interneurons pass impulses from one neuron to another. • Motor N ...
Cerebellum. - Department of Physiology
... be appreciated by comparing the simplified transverse and sagittal views of the microcircuitry provided in Figs. 32.2 32.3. [The full 3-D complexity is elaborated later (Fig. 32.9).] The three layers of this cortex are named - beginning from the pial surface the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell la ...
... be appreciated by comparing the simplified transverse and sagittal views of the microcircuitry provided in Figs. 32.2 32.3. [The full 3-D complexity is elaborated later (Fig. 32.9).] The three layers of this cortex are named - beginning from the pial surface the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell la ...
Ultrastructure and Function of Cephalopod Chromatophores
... muscle fibers where they attached to the body of the* chromatophore proper, forced one .tp.the conclusion that the chromatophores must be considered a functioning syncytium. But he also stated later that when the radial muscle fibers relax, "the pigment body retracts, essentially due to the elastici ...
... muscle fibers where they attached to the body of the* chromatophore proper, forced one .tp.the conclusion that the chromatophores must be considered a functioning syncytium. But he also stated later that when the radial muscle fibers relax, "the pigment body retracts, essentially due to the elastici ...
5-28-2007
... Paus et al. (1997) investigated the time course of changes in brain activity during a continuous performance auditory vigilance task. As the level of vigilance is shifted from high alert to drowsiness, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) decreased in the fronto-parietal network and in several subco ...
... Paus et al. (1997) investigated the time course of changes in brain activity during a continuous performance auditory vigilance task. As the level of vigilance is shifted from high alert to drowsiness, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) decreased in the fronto-parietal network and in several subco ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... conserved positions along the underlying rhombomeric scaffold (Straka et al. 2001). Thus it is possible that 2° canal and 2° otolith neurons of all types are segmentally organized (Baker 1998; Straka et al. 2001; Suwa et al. 1999). Although rhombomeres generally are evident only during embryonic sta ...
... conserved positions along the underlying rhombomeric scaffold (Straka et al. 2001). Thus it is possible that 2° canal and 2° otolith neurons of all types are segmentally organized (Baker 1998; Straka et al. 2001; Suwa et al. 1999). Although rhombomeres generally are evident only during embryonic sta ...
Sensory responses and movement-related activities in extrinsic
... Each stimulus was applied three to ®ve times with an interval of at least 20 s between applications. We noted large variations in the responses to these stimuli, possibly due to the fact that the cockroaches moved their antennae spontaneously as well as in response to stimulation and, thus, the para ...
... Each stimulus was applied three to ®ve times with an interval of at least 20 s between applications. We noted large variations in the responses to these stimuli, possibly due to the fact that the cockroaches moved their antennae spontaneously as well as in response to stimulation and, thus, the para ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... sured (64 year old to 104 year old individual; German et al. 1988). However, an important anatomical and functional feature of this nucleus is that the LC proper is surrounded by a shell of LC neuron dendrites (Fig. 20.1) (Swanson, 1976) termed the pericerulear zone (Aston-Jones et al. 1995). The pe ...
... sured (64 year old to 104 year old individual; German et al. 1988). However, an important anatomical and functional feature of this nucleus is that the LC proper is surrounded by a shell of LC neuron dendrites (Fig. 20.1) (Swanson, 1976) termed the pericerulear zone (Aston-Jones et al. 1995). The pe ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... one of the most important events in the history of the vertebrate brain. This complicated process peaked in the human brain. In the human neocortex are deposited structural and functional mechanisms of language, thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human b ...
... one of the most important events in the history of the vertebrate brain. This complicated process peaked in the human brain. In the human neocortex are deposited structural and functional mechanisms of language, thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human b ...
Nervous Tissue
... The junction between the axon hillock and the initial segment is the trigger zone (nerve impulses arise here). The cytoplasm of the axon is the axoplasm and is surrounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma (lemma = ...
... The junction between the axon hillock and the initial segment is the trigger zone (nerve impulses arise here). The cytoplasm of the axon is the axoplasm and is surrounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma (lemma = ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... of the striatum. These unique dynamics are highly vulnerable to anesthetics ~3s and have not been reported in commonly used in vitro approaches, such as the acute brain slice preparation. Secondly, at least two classes of interneurons profoundly influence striatal network dynamics. The GABAergic int ...
... of the striatum. These unique dynamics are highly vulnerable to anesthetics ~3s and have not been reported in commonly used in vitro approaches, such as the acute brain slice preparation. Secondly, at least two classes of interneurons profoundly influence striatal network dynamics. The GABAergic int ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... These two types of models were influenced, at least in part, by extrapolations from earlier successes in the study of Parkinson’s disease, which was then viewed as a single neurotransmitter (e.g., dopamine) disease owing to a localized neuropathology (e.g., cell death in the substantia nigra). Howev ...
... These two types of models were influenced, at least in part, by extrapolations from earlier successes in the study of Parkinson’s disease, which was then viewed as a single neurotransmitter (e.g., dopamine) disease owing to a localized neuropathology (e.g., cell death in the substantia nigra). Howev ...
Nervous System - Warren County Schools
... several years (new evidence!) The brain reaches maximum weight as a young adult However, we can always grow dendrites! Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... several years (new evidence!) The brain reaches maximum weight as a young adult However, we can always grow dendrites! Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Self Assessment Chapter 14 - CM
... • “Rest and digest” division; role in digestion and in maintaining body’s homeostasis at rest ...
... • “Rest and digest” division; role in digestion and in maintaining body’s homeostasis at rest ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... the undercut and control group was surprising because previous experiments have shown decreased KCC2 immunoreactivity in neurons of layer V of undercut cortex (Prince et al. 2000; D. A. Prince, unpublished data) and decreased KCC2 expression resulting in a positive shift in ECl and depolarizing GABA ...
... the undercut and control group was surprising because previous experiments have shown decreased KCC2 immunoreactivity in neurons of layer V of undercut cortex (Prince et al. 2000; D. A. Prince, unpublished data) and decreased KCC2 expression resulting in a positive shift in ECl and depolarizing GABA ...
The spinothalamic tract: An examination of the cells of origin of the
... cord lesion served to identify the lumbar and cervical cells of origin of the total spinothalamic tract (VSW and DSTT). WGA-HRP was used in three experiments (Controls 1, 2, and 31, whereas HRP-Sigma VI was used in two experiments (Controls 4 and 5). The distribution of label was examined in the cer ...
... cord lesion served to identify the lumbar and cervical cells of origin of the total spinothalamic tract (VSW and DSTT). WGA-HRP was used in three experiments (Controls 1, 2, and 31, whereas HRP-Sigma VI was used in two experiments (Controls 4 and 5). The distribution of label was examined in the cer ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... firing persists, even a short bout of rapid firing evoked by current injection or synaptic excitation can easily drive these cells into a state of depolarization block that outlasts the depolarizing stimulus, and firing usually resumes only after an active hyperpolarization (Figure 1c). In other wor ...
... firing persists, even a short bout of rapid firing evoked by current injection or synaptic excitation can easily drive these cells into a state of depolarization block that outlasts the depolarizing stimulus, and firing usually resumes only after an active hyperpolarization (Figure 1c). In other wor ...
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
... The pituitary gland is often portrayed as the "master gland" of the body. Such praise is justified in the sense that the anterior and posterior pituitary secrete a battery of hormones that collectively influence all cells and affect virtually all physiologic processes. The pituitary gland may be kin ...
... The pituitary gland is often portrayed as the "master gland" of the body. Such praise is justified in the sense that the anterior and posterior pituitary secrete a battery of hormones that collectively influence all cells and affect virtually all physiologic processes. The pituitary gland may be kin ...
Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... For development of a conditioned reflex it is necessary, that any factor of an environment, which may be perceived by one of analyzer systems of an organism, occur repeatedly and acted on an organism of the person or an animal. If at each occurrence this irritant outstrips a little or takes place ...
... For development of a conditioned reflex it is necessary, that any factor of an environment, which may be perceived by one of analyzer systems of an organism, occur repeatedly and acted on an organism of the person or an animal. If at each occurrence this irritant outstrips a little or takes place ...
Ch 49
... • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness • The hormone melatonin is released by the pineal gland and plays a role in bird and mammal sleep cyc ...
... • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness • The hormone melatonin is released by the pineal gland and plays a role in bird and mammal sleep cyc ...
Nerves
... • The brainstem and cerebrum control arousal and sleep • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness • The hormone melatonin is released by the pin ...
... • The brainstem and cerebrum control arousal and sleep • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness • The hormone melatonin is released by the pin ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... Neurotransmitters are released at the axon terminals and they disturb the membrane of the postsynaptic cell so that ions flow across the cell membrane membrane. _____________ synapse – the net flow of ions make the cell less negative or ...
... Neurotransmitters are released at the axon terminals and they disturb the membrane of the postsynaptic cell so that ions flow across the cell membrane membrane. _____________ synapse – the net flow of ions make the cell less negative or ...
video slide - Welcome to HCC Southeast Commons
... • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness • The hormone melatonin is released by the pineal gland and plays a role in bird and mammal sleep cyc ...
... • The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation • This regulates the amount and type of information that reaches the cerebral cortex and affects alertness • The hormone melatonin is released by the pineal gland and plays a role in bird and mammal sleep cyc ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... A hierarchical network of reciprocally connected areas consisting of different parallel pathways is shown in Fig. 1A. Each pair of functionally adjacent areas is connected by reciprocal bottom-up and top-down projections. We picked out two neighboring areas at different hierarchical levels (area A a ...
... A hierarchical network of reciprocally connected areas consisting of different parallel pathways is shown in Fig. 1A. Each pair of functionally adjacent areas is connected by reciprocal bottom-up and top-down projections. We picked out two neighboring areas at different hierarchical levels (area A a ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... To estimate the number of new neurons in the hippocampus and in the four control regions of the brain, we examined all sections labeled for BrdU (mean of 7.5 sections per bird) and counted all new neurons appearing in that brain region according to the morphological criterion of Gould et al. (1999; ...
... To estimate the number of new neurons in the hippocampus and in the four control regions of the brain, we examined all sections labeled for BrdU (mean of 7.5 sections per bird) and counted all new neurons appearing in that brain region according to the morphological criterion of Gould et al. (1999; ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... address this possibility, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the Lc/Lc CNS. P0 neonates were genotyped, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned for histochemistry. We first examined the brain in the Lc/Lc neonates. The gross patterning of the brain appeared normal in Lc/L ...
... address this possibility, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the Lc/Lc CNS. P0 neonates were genotyped, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned for histochemistry. We first examined the brain in the Lc/Lc neonates. The gross patterning of the brain appeared normal in Lc/L ...