Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... fluctuation or increase in arterial blood pressure (.5 mmHg) or increase in heart rate (.10%). When any one of such responses was observed, a supplemental dose of pentobarbital sodium (10 mg iv) was given. A few minutes after the administration of pentobarbital sodium, the paw pinch test was reappli ...
... fluctuation or increase in arterial blood pressure (.5 mmHg) or increase in heart rate (.10%). When any one of such responses was observed, a supplemental dose of pentobarbital sodium (10 mg iv) was given. A few minutes after the administration of pentobarbital sodium, the paw pinch test was reappli ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... on cells by a MOR-selective neurotoxin blocks the hyperalgesic state elicited by nerve injury56,57. Finally, selective activation of on cells enhances responses to noxious stimulation8. Reciprocal and state-dependent neuronal activity. Recordings of pairs of neurons in the RVM of lightly anaesthetiz ...
... on cells by a MOR-selective neurotoxin blocks the hyperalgesic state elicited by nerve injury56,57. Finally, selective activation of on cells enhances responses to noxious stimulation8. Reciprocal and state-dependent neuronal activity. Recordings of pairs of neurons in the RVM of lightly anaesthetiz ...
LESSON 2.3 WORKBOOK How fast do our neurons signal?
... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Demyelination results in a set of symptoms that will depend on which neurons are affected. We’ll talk more about demyelinating diseases in the last lesson of this unit, but for now remember that the myelin sheath insulates the axon increasing the conduction velocity of t ...
... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Demyelination results in a set of symptoms that will depend on which neurons are affected. We’ll talk more about demyelinating diseases in the last lesson of this unit, but for now remember that the myelin sheath insulates the axon increasing the conduction velocity of t ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... for 2 minutes after the allocated 5-minute periods of cardiac pacing (total 9 min). These data were compared to those obtained during 5-minutes of pacing alone. With respect to coronary artery occlusion (duration 30 secs), occlusions were performed throughout the final 30 seconds of SCS (i.e., the o ...
... for 2 minutes after the allocated 5-minute periods of cardiac pacing (total 9 min). These data were compared to those obtained during 5-minutes of pacing alone. With respect to coronary artery occlusion (duration 30 secs), occlusions were performed throughout the final 30 seconds of SCS (i.e., the o ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... Although brain glucose levels are generally lower than those in the blood, it is commonly assumed that glucose concentrations can approach those in the blood at circumventricular organs, areas where the blood-brain barrier is highly permeable, such as the median eminence in the hypothalamus (35). Ho ...
... Although brain glucose levels are generally lower than those in the blood, it is commonly assumed that glucose concentrations can approach those in the blood at circumventricular organs, areas where the blood-brain barrier is highly permeable, such as the median eminence in the hypothalamus (35). Ho ...
Caudal Medulla
... • composed of primary sensory fibers that enter the brain mainly in the trigeminal nerve. • This tract also receives fibers that originate from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. (5,7,9,10) • terminate on the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which, in turn, projects to the contralateral thalamus as the ventra ...
... • composed of primary sensory fibers that enter the brain mainly in the trigeminal nerve. • This tract also receives fibers that originate from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. (5,7,9,10) • terminate on the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which, in turn, projects to the contralateral thalamus as the ventra ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... caffeine may promote waking through reduced release of GABA in the PH. Adenosine receptor A2A immunoreactivity is observed primarily at glutamatergic (asymmetric) synapses (17). Thus it is possible that caffeine acting through A2AR plays a prominent role in modulating glutamatergic input to various ...
... caffeine may promote waking through reduced release of GABA in the PH. Adenosine receptor A2A immunoreactivity is observed primarily at glutamatergic (asymmetric) synapses (17). Thus it is possible that caffeine acting through A2AR plays a prominent role in modulating glutamatergic input to various ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... described associative conditioning to odors in gastropod molluscs (Croll and Chase, 1980; Sahley et al., 1981; Alexander et al., 1983) thus raising the possibility of combined neural-behavioral investigations into the mechanisms of learning and memory. If studies with such systems are to be conclusi ...
... described associative conditioning to odors in gastropod molluscs (Croll and Chase, 1980; Sahley et al., 1981; Alexander et al., 1983) thus raising the possibility of combined neural-behavioral investigations into the mechanisms of learning and memory. If studies with such systems are to be conclusi ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... However, multisensory integration is only half of the story of multisensory information processing, which works well when the sensory cues are originated from the same object. In cases where the sensory cues originate from different objects, the brain should segregate, rather than integrate, the cue ...
... However, multisensory integration is only half of the story of multisensory information processing, which works well when the sensory cues are originated from the same object. In cases where the sensory cues originate from different objects, the brain should segregate, rather than integrate, the cue ...
The Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for Estrogen Effects in
... can form heterodimers when expressed in the same cells, thus giving rise to additional possible variants as far as gene regulation (6). To date, colocalization of ERa with ERb has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdaloid nucleus ...
... can form heterodimers when expressed in the same cells, thus giving rise to additional possible variants as far as gene regulation (6). To date, colocalization of ERa with ERb has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdaloid nucleus ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from suboccipital neck muscles and dura mater was also tested. The mechanoreceptive ®eld was mapped by applying non-noxio ...
... facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from suboccipital neck muscles and dura mater was also tested. The mechanoreceptive ®eld was mapped by applying non-noxio ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... and suggests that the specificity of axonal and dendritic cargo might be determined by factors besides the orientation of MTs. Mature neurons contain highly stable MTs, and they also contain an additional population of dynamic MTs, which constantly grow and shrink from the MT plus end. One possible f ...
... and suggests that the specificity of axonal and dendritic cargo might be determined by factors besides the orientation of MTs. Mature neurons contain highly stable MTs, and they also contain an additional population of dynamic MTs, which constantly grow and shrink from the MT plus end. One possible f ...
Robo1 Regulates the Migration and Laminar Distribution of Upper
... serial sections (14 μm) were cut from brains of P34-P58 Robo1 −/− mice and Robo1 +/+ control littermates (n = 3). Sections were stained with Cux1 and 40 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and matching sections were photographed. All measurements and cell counts were performed on the primary somatos ...
... serial sections (14 μm) were cut from brains of P34-P58 Robo1 −/− mice and Robo1 +/+ control littermates (n = 3). Sections were stained with Cux1 and 40 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and matching sections were photographed. All measurements and cell counts were performed on the primary somatos ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the meninges and explain their purposes. • Describe how the capill ...
... • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the meninges and explain their purposes. • Describe how the capill ...
Axon
... • End of axon adjacent to synapse • Synapse where neuron communicates with another cell • Presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell on either side ...
... • End of axon adjacent to synapse • Synapse where neuron communicates with another cell • Presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell on either side ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the single cell level. In particular, examining the entire morp ...
... of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the single cell level. In particular, examining the entire morp ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... of receptive field sizeand salt responsecharacteristicsof secondorder taste cells in 3 age groups of sheep.These data can be compared with parallel measuresof receptive fields and salt responsesfrom first-order taste afferents. Receptive field size at various neural levels is determinedduring develo ...
... of receptive field sizeand salt responsecharacteristicsof secondorder taste cells in 3 age groups of sheep.These data can be compared with parallel measuresof receptive fields and salt responsesfrom first-order taste afferents. Receptive field size at various neural levels is determinedduring develo ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... causes of fever in this age group, this case is suggestive of Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia or Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy. Absence of nail and hair abnormalities and presence of normal sweat glands on skin biopsy exclude the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The classification of vario ...
... causes of fever in this age group, this case is suggestive of Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia or Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy. Absence of nail and hair abnormalities and presence of normal sweat glands on skin biopsy exclude the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The classification of vario ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... surround whisker stimulation. Using optogenetic stimulation we determined that these neurons are targeted by axons from the posteromedial nucleus (POm), a paralemniscal thalamic nucleus associated with broad receptive fields and widespread cortical projections. We conclude that fosGFP expression dis ...
... surround whisker stimulation. Using optogenetic stimulation we determined that these neurons are targeted by axons from the posteromedial nucleus (POm), a paralemniscal thalamic nucleus associated with broad receptive fields and widespread cortical projections. We conclude that fosGFP expression dis ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... This anatomical organization may be the basis for a precise channeling of differential information at the single neuron level. Each of the cat’s numerous cortical representations of the visual hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected ...
... This anatomical organization may be the basis for a precise channeling of differential information at the single neuron level. Each of the cat’s numerous cortical representations of the visual hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected ...
Document
... as increases in excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurons (Jacobi et al., 2010). BDNF and NT-3 also induce rapid and long-lasting enhancement of synaptic strength through LTP in hippocampal cells cultures. Additionally, neurotrophins represent strong candidates in regulating the contin ...
... as increases in excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurons (Jacobi et al., 2010). BDNF and NT-3 also induce rapid and long-lasting enhancement of synaptic strength through LTP in hippocampal cells cultures. Additionally, neurotrophins represent strong candidates in regulating the contin ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still fragmentary picture [12,13]. Detailed information on the formation and architecture of the larv ...
... brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still fragmentary picture [12,13]. Detailed information on the formation and architecture of the larv ...
Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... • Violation of the conduction impulses in the peripheral nerves that supply respiratory muscles can occur because of inflammation, vitamin deficiency, trauma. Diaphragmatic nerve lesion leads to paralysis of the diaphragm, which manifests its paradoxical movements according to changes in pressure in ...
... • Violation of the conduction impulses in the peripheral nerves that supply respiratory muscles can occur because of inflammation, vitamin deficiency, trauma. Diaphragmatic nerve lesion leads to paralysis of the diaphragm, which manifests its paradoxical movements according to changes in pressure in ...
Pathophysiology of breathing
... • Violation of the conduction impulses in the peripheral nerves that supply respiratory muscles can occur because of inflammation, vitamin deficiency, trauma. Diaphragmatic nerve lesion leads to paralysis of the diaphragm, which manifests its paradoxical movements according to changes in pressure in ...
... • Violation of the conduction impulses in the peripheral nerves that supply respiratory muscles can occur because of inflammation, vitamin deficiency, trauma. Diaphragmatic nerve lesion leads to paralysis of the diaphragm, which manifests its paradoxical movements according to changes in pressure in ...