Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
... cells in a manner similar to their response to tail shock produces reliable facilitation of the EPSP from LE sensory cells to follower cells. CBl neurons were identified as described above. An LE sensory cell and a follower neuron (usually an LFS motor neuron) were then impaled. Follower neurons wer ...
... cells in a manner similar to their response to tail shock produces reliable facilitation of the EPSP from LE sensory cells to follower cells. CBl neurons were identified as described above. An LE sensory cell and a follower neuron (usually an LFS motor neuron) were then impaled. Follower neurons wer ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... immediate early gene c-fos is regarded as a marker for neuronal activation and can map pathways with single-cell resolution in the CNS (Sagar et al. 1988). Recent studies have used intense and prolonged electrical stimulation (5–10 Hz) of both the internal and external branches of the SLN to identif ...
... immediate early gene c-fos is regarded as a marker for neuronal activation and can map pathways with single-cell resolution in the CNS (Sagar et al. 1988). Recent studies have used intense and prolonged electrical stimulation (5–10 Hz) of both the internal and external branches of the SLN to identif ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
13 Nervous System
... The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum. The primary motor area in the frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain ...
... The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum. The primary motor area in the frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... with very similar smells and, as a result, the processing time increased to 340 milliseconds – not even half a second. As part of his ongoing research, Schäfer’s team is using sophisticated techniques to switch certain groups of nerve cells in the olfactory bulb on and off to observe the resulting c ...
... with very similar smells and, as a result, the processing time increased to 340 milliseconds – not even half a second. As part of his ongoing research, Schäfer’s team is using sophisticated techniques to switch certain groups of nerve cells in the olfactory bulb on and off to observe the resulting c ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... During deep needling at LI11, the needle is inserted into the muscles. It is clear that skeletal muscles are supplied by both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) nerves. Axons derived from α and γ motor neurons in the spinal ventral horn innervate skeletal muscle fibres and spindles, respectivel ...
... During deep needling at LI11, the needle is inserted into the muscles. It is clear that skeletal muscles are supplied by both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) nerves. Axons derived from α and γ motor neurons in the spinal ventral horn innervate skeletal muscle fibres and spindles, respectivel ...
_ch_16_AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... the existing pharmacologic characterization of nicotinic-receptor subtypes (Fig. 1.2). Future experiments using mice ...
... the existing pharmacologic characterization of nicotinic-receptor subtypes (Fig. 1.2). Future experiments using mice ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... Abstract. Several types of respiratory reflex actions can be discerned according to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons ...
... Abstract. Several types of respiratory reflex actions can be discerned according to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... The inconsistent effects on sleep after electrolytic or excitotoxic lesions of the posterior hypothalamus or LH might have occurred because the methods used to make the lesion did not destroy the appropriate neurons. Moreover, some neurons are resistant to lesion by excitotoxins such as ibotenate (Y ...
... The inconsistent effects on sleep after electrolytic or excitotoxic lesions of the posterior hypothalamus or LH might have occurred because the methods used to make the lesion did not destroy the appropriate neurons. Moreover, some neurons are resistant to lesion by excitotoxins such as ibotenate (Y ...
Biological Rhythms: 2 Day Circadian Examples Biorhythms
... • These cells respond directly to light and do not require any input from the rods or cones. ...
... • These cells respond directly to light and do not require any input from the rods or cones. ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to ...
... profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... of the neurons, the fitness functions, and the genetic algorithm. The sets of equations are only weakly connected. By this we mean that one set of equations provides only parameters, initial or boundary conditions to the other set of equations. There is, however, no continuous coupling with the stat ...
... of the neurons, the fitness functions, and the genetic algorithm. The sets of equations are only weakly connected. By this we mean that one set of equations provides only parameters, initial or boundary conditions to the other set of equations. There is, however, no continuous coupling with the stat ...
Inflammation-Induced Gene Expression in Brain and Adrenal Gland Linda Engström
... The autonomic nervous system serves to maintain a constant inner environment, a process termed homeostasis. Thus, in response to the homeostatic challenge posed by infectious agents, the autonomic nervous system answers to signals from the immune system and elicits adaptive physiological and behavio ...
... The autonomic nervous system serves to maintain a constant inner environment, a process termed homeostasis. Thus, in response to the homeostatic challenge posed by infectious agents, the autonomic nervous system answers to signals from the immune system and elicits adaptive physiological and behavio ...
Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory
... five to seven doublet-microtubules about 2.5 p from its tip. These doublet tubules become singlets as they extend toward the tip, and two of them extend to the very end of the neuron. There is no ciliary rootlet. Figure 4 shows a n unciliated accessory neuron ending adjacent to a socket cell. A cell ...
... five to seven doublet-microtubules about 2.5 p from its tip. These doublet tubules become singlets as they extend toward the tip, and two of them extend to the very end of the neuron. There is no ciliary rootlet. Figure 4 shows a n unciliated accessory neuron ending adjacent to a socket cell. A cell ...
Sonic Hedgehog Expression in Corticofugal Projection Neurons
... of neurons or glia in these regions during this window of neural development. To assess the involvement of Shh in the regulation of neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, we performed Golgi analysis on P21–P28 brains of ShhcKO mice and wild-type control littermates (Figures 3A–3D). We observed signific ...
... of neurons or glia in these regions during this window of neural development. To assess the involvement of Shh in the regulation of neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, we performed Golgi analysis on P21–P28 brains of ShhcKO mice and wild-type control littermates (Figures 3A–3D). We observed signific ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • Glial cells provide support and protection for the nervous system, but it is the neurons that transmit information in the form of nerve impulses. • Typical neuron has a long, tail-like projection called an axon. • dendrites – send information to cell body ...
... • Glial cells provide support and protection for the nervous system, but it is the neurons that transmit information in the form of nerve impulses. • Typical neuron has a long, tail-like projection called an axon. • dendrites – send information to cell body ...
Y.I. Molkov, Baroreflex models, Encyclopedia of Computational
... it if BP lowers. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in the heart, vena cava and pulmonary vasculature are aimed to sense central blood volume, and are sometimes called volume receptors or low-pressure receptors. The afferent activity from arterial baroreceptors is sent to the medullary brainstem area ...
... it if BP lowers. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in the heart, vena cava and pulmonary vasculature are aimed to sense central blood volume, and are sometimes called volume receptors or low-pressure receptors. The afferent activity from arterial baroreceptors is sent to the medullary brainstem area ...
Wild-Type Nonneuronal Cells Extend Survival of SOD1 Mutant
... express mutant SOD1 develop a progressive motor neuron disease that shares many features with human ALS; the complete absence of SOD1 in mice does not cause such disease (7). Because toxicity is neither accelerated nor ameliorated by reducing wild-type SOD1 activity (8) and is either unaffected (8) ...
... express mutant SOD1 develop a progressive motor neuron disease that shares many features with human ALS; the complete absence of SOD1 in mice does not cause such disease (7). Because toxicity is neither accelerated nor ameliorated by reducing wild-type SOD1 activity (8) and is either unaffected (8) ...
Chemosensory Systems
... sources when eating. The olfactory mucosa contains OSN, supporting cells, basal stem-cells and glands that secrete mucus. Supporting cells store secretory granules and project microvilli into the mucus layer. An OSN is a bipolar neuron with one dendritic and one axonal process. The dendritic process ...
... sources when eating. The olfactory mucosa contains OSN, supporting cells, basal stem-cells and glands that secrete mucus. Supporting cells store secretory granules and project microvilli into the mucus layer. An OSN is a bipolar neuron with one dendritic and one axonal process. The dendritic process ...
Chap016, Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System
... Answer: The hypothalamus is regarded as the coordinating center of the autonomic nervous system. The cerebral cortex can utilize the limbic system and the hypothalamus, through its connections with the autonomic nervous system, to express some emotions. When a person experiences anxiety, pleasure, o ...
... Answer: The hypothalamus is regarded as the coordinating center of the autonomic nervous system. The cerebral cortex can utilize the limbic system and the hypothalamus, through its connections with the autonomic nervous system, to express some emotions. When a person experiences anxiety, pleasure, o ...
Microconnectomics of the Pretectum and Ventral Thalamus in the
... folia VIc–IXc in the cerebellum, which are related to visual and oculomotor responses (Freedman et al., 1975; Clarke, 1977). Nonretinal afferents to the GLv arise from the visual Wulst, TeO, GT, and VLT (Karten et al., 1973; Crossland and Uchwat, 1979; Vega-Zuniga et al., 2014). Although the role of ...
... folia VIc–IXc in the cerebellum, which are related to visual and oculomotor responses (Freedman et al., 1975; Clarke, 1977). Nonretinal afferents to the GLv arise from the visual Wulst, TeO, GT, and VLT (Karten et al., 1973; Crossland and Uchwat, 1979; Vega-Zuniga et al., 2014). Although the role of ...
Mental Set Alters Visibility of Moving Targets Mental Set
... means for "stimulus-certainty" and "stimulus-uncertainty." Finally, there was no systematic difference between performance on the two types of uncertainty trials: those on which the dots moved upward and those on which the dots moved rightward. This can be seen in Fig. 1 where one observer's data ar ...
... means for "stimulus-certainty" and "stimulus-uncertainty." Finally, there was no systematic difference between performance on the two types of uncertainty trials: those on which the dots moved upward and those on which the dots moved rightward. This can be seen in Fig. 1 where one observer's data ar ...
Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord, Spinal
... A nerve is the primary structure of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that encloses the axons of peripheral neurons…made of fascicles each fascicle is made of a group of nerve fibers (axons). Endoneurium: is connective tissue around nerve fibers (axons) inside the fascicle. ...
... A nerve is the primary structure of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that encloses the axons of peripheral neurons…made of fascicles each fascicle is made of a group of nerve fibers (axons). Endoneurium: is connective tissue around nerve fibers (axons) inside the fascicle. ...