2. Aim of the thesis
... polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) we show that the LnAChR subunits are predominantly expressed in the CNS. In situ hybridization (ISH) on sections of the Lymnaea CNS demonstrates that the LnAChR subunits are expressed exclusively in neurons. Therefore, we concluded that the identified LnAChR subunits ...
... polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) we show that the LnAChR subunits are predominantly expressed in the CNS. In situ hybridization (ISH) on sections of the Lymnaea CNS demonstrates that the LnAChR subunits are expressed exclusively in neurons. Therefore, we concluded that the identified LnAChR subunits ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... interneurons. Striatal interneurons can be subdivided by histochemical or immunohistochemical identification of which neurotransmitter or neuropeptide is contained within them. The best characterized subpopulations of striatal interneurons are cholinergic interneurons 11 and another group that conta ...
... interneurons. Striatal interneurons can be subdivided by histochemical or immunohistochemical identification of which neurotransmitter or neuropeptide is contained within them. The best characterized subpopulations of striatal interneurons are cholinergic interneurons 11 and another group that conta ...
Transient information flow in a network of excitatory and inhibitory
... single ionic mechanism. Another way of keeping track of time is to have a recurrent neural network, that will store dynamically the timing information. Such a mechanism is likely to exist in the olivo-cerebellar system [34]. In this paper we make use of the mathematical analysis of sparsely-connecte ...
... single ionic mechanism. Another way of keeping track of time is to have a recurrent neural network, that will store dynamically the timing information. Such a mechanism is likely to exist in the olivo-cerebellar system [34]. In this paper we make use of the mathematical analysis of sparsely-connecte ...
Vestibular Function and Anatomy April 2004
... causing movement of the hair bundles. In the central portion of each statoconial membrane is a line called the striola. In the saccule the hair cells are oriented toward the striola while in the utricle they are oriented away from the striola. The vestibular neurons are bipolar with their cell bodie ...
... causing movement of the hair bundles. In the central portion of each statoconial membrane is a line called the striola. In the saccule the hair cells are oriented toward the striola while in the utricle they are oriented away from the striola. The vestibular neurons are bipolar with their cell bodie ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... in control monkeys. Retinal ganglion cells of the right nasal hemiretina and fovea project to the left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6, and compose approximately 50% of the right eye retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves ...
... in control monkeys. Retinal ganglion cells of the right nasal hemiretina and fovea project to the left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6, and compose approximately 50% of the right eye retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves ...
Optimal decision making theories - Bristol CS
... a threshold. This strategy is known as the race model (Vickers, 1970). Another possibility is to stop the integration when the difference between the integrated evidence in favour of the winning and losing alternatives exceeds a threshold. This strategy is referred to as the diffusion model (Laming, ...
... a threshold. This strategy is known as the race model (Vickers, 1970). Another possibility is to stop the integration when the difference between the integrated evidence in favour of the winning and losing alternatives exceeds a threshold. This strategy is referred to as the diffusion model (Laming, ...
Decoding Motor Commands in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits for the
... A perievent time histogram shows a neuron activity during a certain type of event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart for computing the perievent time histograms. . . . . . . . The build-up of the X matrix. Each row represents one point in time and its columns cont ...
... A perievent time histogram shows a neuron activity during a certain type of event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart for computing the perievent time histograms. . . . . . . . The build-up of the X matrix. Each row represents one point in time and its columns cont ...
The Fraction of Cortical GABAergic Neurons Is Constant from Near
... neurons generated in the ganglionic eminences by counting on sections the fraction of all GAD67 ⫹ cells that are present in each of three zones: (1) the cortical plate (including cells in the upper intermediate zone) where nearly all GABAergic neurons ultimately reside, (2) the superficial migratory ...
... neurons generated in the ganglionic eminences by counting on sections the fraction of all GAD67 ⫹ cells that are present in each of three zones: (1) the cortical plate (including cells in the upper intermediate zone) where nearly all GABAergic neurons ultimately reside, (2) the superficial migratory ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... mixture of ketamine (85 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), the mouse’s head was fixed in a custom-made head holder by rigidly clamping between the palate and nasal/frontal bones. The mouth bar was adjusted to align the bregma and points of the skull in one horizontal plane. The scalp was ...
... mixture of ketamine (85 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), the mouse’s head was fixed in a custom-made head holder by rigidly clamping between the palate and nasal/frontal bones. The mouth bar was adjusted to align the bregma and points of the skull in one horizontal plane. The scalp was ...
Document
... Under the thalamus Important autonomic nervous system center Helps regulate body temperature Controls water balance Regulates metabolism ...
... Under the thalamus Important autonomic nervous system center Helps regulate body temperature Controls water balance Regulates metabolism ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... uninsulated gaps called Nodes of Ranvier BIO lab 102 Nervous I- Lab 5 ...
... uninsulated gaps called Nodes of Ranvier BIO lab 102 Nervous I- Lab 5 ...
PDF
... the mature cortex. Pia (or pia mater). Innermost layer of the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Preplate. Located between the pia and the ventricular zone, it contains the earliest born neurons and represents the beginning of corticogenesis prior to the emergence of the cortical pla ...
... the mature cortex. Pia (or pia mater). Innermost layer of the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Preplate. Located between the pia and the ventricular zone, it contains the earliest born neurons and represents the beginning of corticogenesis prior to the emergence of the cortical pla ...
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Gets Split: Why Does Cortisol
... neurons (10) because these neurons have been implicated in controlling glucocorticoid rhythms in rats. Release of vasopressin by SCN neurons in the PVN is an important element of the hypothalamic circuit controlling corticosteroid secretion (21, 22). However, it remains unclear whether vasopressin o ...
... neurons (10) because these neurons have been implicated in controlling glucocorticoid rhythms in rats. Release of vasopressin by SCN neurons in the PVN is an important element of the hypothalamic circuit controlling corticosteroid secretion (21, 22). However, it remains unclear whether vasopressin o ...
1. Hormones of the hypothalamus
... really an organ, but an extension of the hypothalamus. It is composed largely of the axons of hypothalamic neurons which extend downward as a large bundle behind the anterior pituitary. The target cells for most of the hormones produced in these tissues are themselves endocrine cells. The pituitary ...
... really an organ, but an extension of the hypothalamus. It is composed largely of the axons of hypothalamic neurons which extend downward as a large bundle behind the anterior pituitary. The target cells for most of the hormones produced in these tissues are themselves endocrine cells. The pituitary ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... joint-torque space. Directional tuning features were calculated with the plate method, which describes several features of directional tuning without assuming an underlying tuning function (Gribble and Scott, 2002). This method characterizes the ‘‘mass distribution’’ of torque-related activity by as ...
... joint-torque space. Directional tuning features were calculated with the plate method, which describes several features of directional tuning without assuming an underlying tuning function (Gribble and Scott, 2002). This method characterizes the ‘‘mass distribution’’ of torque-related activity by as ...
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... spinal dorsal horn, where signals for different sensory modalities, including pain, are conveyed to higher centers (2–12). Neurotransmitter release is tightly regulated by Ca2+-dependent SNARE proteins whose activity is regulated by Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) (1, 7, 13). Parvalbumin (PV), calbind ...
... spinal dorsal horn, where signals for different sensory modalities, including pain, are conveyed to higher centers (2–12). Neurotransmitter release is tightly regulated by Ca2+-dependent SNARE proteins whose activity is regulated by Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) (1, 7, 13). Parvalbumin (PV), calbind ...
Nerve Growth Factor: Cellular localization and regulation of synthesis
... that is necessary and that their conditioned medium is sufficient. The identificalion of the secretory products of macrophages responsible for the regulation of synthesis of NGF is currently under investigation. ...
... that is necessary and that their conditioned medium is sufficient. The identificalion of the secretory products of macrophages responsible for the regulation of synthesis of NGF is currently under investigation. ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... primates and other animals3–6. Previous studies using behavioral tasks that require the anticipation of event timing or decision making in the temporal domain, as well as the perception of elapsed time or discrimination of the duration of sensory signals, have demonstrated the importance of cortico- ...
... primates and other animals3–6. Previous studies using behavioral tasks that require the anticipation of event timing or decision making in the temporal domain, as well as the perception of elapsed time or discrimination of the duration of sensory signals, have demonstrated the importance of cortico- ...
Mechanisms to synchronize neuronal activity
... distinguished from neuronal assemblies coding for different objects by an absence of synchrony between them. These proposals revived the interest in the detailed dynamics of neuronal activity, and they are supported by recent experimental evidence (Eckhorn 1994; KoÈnig and Engel 1995; Singer and Gra ...
... distinguished from neuronal assemblies coding for different objects by an absence of synchrony between them. These proposals revived the interest in the detailed dynamics of neuronal activity, and they are supported by recent experimental evidence (Eckhorn 1994; KoÈnig and Engel 1995; Singer and Gra ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... situations that evoke pain. Pain during disease is different from “normal” pain. It occurs in the absence of external noxious stimuli, during mild stimulation or in an unpredictable way. Types of pain have been classified according to their pathogenesis, and pain research intends to define their neuro ...
... situations that evoke pain. Pain during disease is different from “normal” pain. It occurs in the absence of external noxious stimuli, during mild stimulation or in an unpredictable way. Types of pain have been classified according to their pathogenesis, and pain research intends to define their neuro ...
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
... to the cut. Paralysis in this case does not mean that the muscles cannot function but that they cannot be controlled by the brain. The spinal cord communicates with the body via the spinal nerves, which are part of the peripheral nervous system (discussed below). Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord t ...
... to the cut. Paralysis in this case does not mean that the muscles cannot function but that they cannot be controlled by the brain. The spinal cord communicates with the body via the spinal nerves, which are part of the peripheral nervous system (discussed below). Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord t ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
Dopamine
... neuron activity is the DA autoreceptor. It has been known for some time that DA neurons are very sensitive to DA agonists, which inhibit spike firing as well as cause a presynaptic inhibition of DA synthesis and release. Studies indicate that DA neuron somatodendritic autoreceptors are stimulated by ...
... neuron activity is the DA autoreceptor. It has been known for some time that DA neurons are very sensitive to DA agonists, which inhibit spike firing as well as cause a presynaptic inhibition of DA synthesis and release. Studies indicate that DA neuron somatodendritic autoreceptors are stimulated by ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... Coggeshall 1991; Zieglgänsberger 1986) and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). The later have been shown to depend solely on structures in the caudal medulla (Bouhassira et al. 1990, 1992a,b, 1993, 1995a). METHODS INTRODUCTION ...
... Coggeshall 1991; Zieglgänsberger 1986) and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). The later have been shown to depend solely on structures in the caudal medulla (Bouhassira et al. 1990, 1992a,b, 1993, 1995a). METHODS INTRODUCTION ...
PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... In adult monkeys with dorsal rhizotomies extending from the second cervical ŽC 2 . to the fifth thoracic ŽT5 . vertebrae, cortex deprived of its normal inputs regained responsiveness to inputs conveyed by intact peripheral afferents from the face wT.P. Pons, P.E. Garraghty, A.K. Ommaya, J.H. Kaas, E ...
... In adult monkeys with dorsal rhizotomies extending from the second cervical ŽC 2 . to the fifth thoracic ŽT5 . vertebrae, cortex deprived of its normal inputs regained responsiveness to inputs conveyed by intact peripheral afferents from the face wT.P. Pons, P.E. Garraghty, A.K. Ommaya, J.H. Kaas, E ...