Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... et al., 1999; Mostofi et al., 2010), we observed that nucleocortical MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the ...
... et al., 1999; Mostofi et al., 2010), we observed that nucleocortical MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... We recorded single-unit activities from the anterior part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and its surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes accor ...
... We recorded single-unit activities from the anterior part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and its surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes accor ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... Hippocampal– cortical interaction during sleep promotes transformation of memory for long-term storage in the cortex. In particular, hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-associated neural activation is important for this transformation during slow-wave sleep. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been sh ...
... Hippocampal– cortical interaction during sleep promotes transformation of memory for long-term storage in the cortex. In particular, hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-associated neural activation is important for this transformation during slow-wave sleep. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been sh ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... which the habenula seems to be involved. Second, I show that the role of the habenula in these processes is characterized by a common theme, namely motor suppression (FIG. 2). Finally, I propose a common neural mechanism that may underlie the various functions of the habenula. I will not discuss in ...
... which the habenula seems to be involved. Second, I show that the role of the habenula in these processes is characterized by a common theme, namely motor suppression (FIG. 2). Finally, I propose a common neural mechanism that may underlie the various functions of the habenula. I will not discuss in ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... drowsy state (D) was defined as the first 3-s period from the onset of EEG synchronization (deactivation) during the transition from W to SWS. SWS was defined by sustained high-voltage slow waves in the EEG and lowered EMG activity. In the present study, D and SWS corresponded, respectively, to ligh ...
... drowsy state (D) was defined as the first 3-s period from the onset of EEG synchronization (deactivation) during the transition from W to SWS. SWS was defined by sustained high-voltage slow waves in the EEG and lowered EMG activity. In the present study, D and SWS corresponded, respectively, to ligh ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... identified in monkeys with single cell recordings. We can assume it is the MNs firing based on function and location deduced from animal research, but unless single cell recordings are combined with fMRI or EEG we cannot say with certainty that the measured activity belongs to the MNs (Rizzolatti & ...
... identified in monkeys with single cell recordings. We can assume it is the MNs firing based on function and location deduced from animal research, but unless single cell recordings are combined with fMRI or EEG we cannot say with certainty that the measured activity belongs to the MNs (Rizzolatti & ...
Central projections of the glossopharyngeal and
... surrounding tissue in the gill region and transected, and the central end was sucked into a small section of polyethylene (PE-20 or PE-90) tubing. Horseradish peroxidae W P ) crystals (Sigma type VI) were placed next to the cut end of the nerve in the tubing after the fluid inside was withdrawn with ...
... surrounding tissue in the gill region and transected, and the central end was sucked into a small section of polyethylene (PE-20 or PE-90) tubing. Horseradish peroxidae W P ) crystals (Sigma type VI) were placed next to the cut end of the nerve in the tubing after the fluid inside was withdrawn with ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a diversity essential to the formation of selective neuronal circuits. Soon after their generation, neurons of a particular class segregate from those of other classes—a process that is linked to their later patterns of connectivi ...
... during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a diversity essential to the formation of selective neuronal circuits. Soon after their generation, neurons of a particular class segregate from those of other classes—a process that is linked to their later patterns of connectivi ...
Localization of Ca2+ Channel Subtypes on Rat Spinal Motor
... along the length of the spinal cord. Our results indicate that the distribution of these different types of the Ca 21 channels over the cell bodies and dendrites of motor neurons and interneurons does not vary substantially with the level of the spinal cord at which they are located. Thus, the follo ...
... along the length of the spinal cord. Our results indicate that the distribution of these different types of the Ca 21 channels over the cell bodies and dendrites of motor neurons and interneurons does not vary substantially with the level of the spinal cord at which they are located. Thus, the follo ...
V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... UNDERSTANDING VISION REQUIRES understanding the signal processing that supports visual detection, which is often investigated with two complementary approaches: psychophysics and neurophysiology. Psychophysicists infer a set of theoretical visual “mechanisms” that parsimoniously explain a body of be ...
... UNDERSTANDING VISION REQUIRES understanding the signal processing that supports visual detection, which is often investigated with two complementary approaches: psychophysics and neurophysiology. Psychophysicists infer a set of theoretical visual “mechanisms” that parsimoniously explain a body of be ...
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy With Spontaneous
... Swiss Wistar mice (20 –30 g, n ⫽ 60; Department of Biosciences, University of Calgary) were housed two per plastic cage (8) on a 12-h light/dark cycle, with food and water available ad libitum. Mice were assigned randomly to either a diabetic or control group, and diabetes was initiated by three con ...
... Swiss Wistar mice (20 –30 g, n ⫽ 60; Department of Biosciences, University of Calgary) were housed two per plastic cage (8) on a 12-h light/dark cycle, with food and water available ad libitum. Mice were assigned randomly to either a diabetic or control group, and diabetes was initiated by three con ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... When the H129 strain of HSV1 was used as a tracer, we could define “central” and “peripheral” concentric zones of immunoreactive labeling at the cortical injection sites. The central zone, located immediately adjacent to the needle track, was characterized by dense and primarily uniform immunoreacti ...
... When the H129 strain of HSV1 was used as a tracer, we could define “central” and “peripheral” concentric zones of immunoreactive labeling at the cortical injection sites. The central zone, located immediately adjacent to the needle track, was characterized by dense and primarily uniform immunoreacti ...
521 THE CHOLINERGIC LIMBIC SYSTEM: PROJECTIONS TO
... these different patterns of electrical activity is not understood. It has also been suggested that the hippocampus may itself modify the activity of the reticular formation and through it modulate the activity of the cerebral cortex, but whether in such a way as to produce facilitation or suppressio ...
... these different patterns of electrical activity is not understood. It has also been suggested that the hippocampus may itself modify the activity of the reticular formation and through it modulate the activity of the cerebral cortex, but whether in such a way as to produce facilitation or suppressio ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Expression in the Brain of the Teleost
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... a role in controlling axonogenesis of mammillary body axons (Marion et al., 2005). The results from mammals indicate that sim can function in axonogenesis, and this is also a potential role for sim in central brain development given the sim disorganized neuropil phenotype. In this paper, we further ...
... a role in controlling axonogenesis of mammillary body axons (Marion et al., 2005). The results from mammals indicate that sim can function in axonogenesis, and this is also a potential role for sim in central brain development given the sim disorganized neuropil phenotype. In this paper, we further ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... Since the Cell Assembly (CA) was hypothesised, it has gained substantial support and it is increasingly believed to be the neural basis of psychological concepts. A CA is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the ...
... Since the Cell Assembly (CA) was hypothesised, it has gained substantial support and it is increasingly believed to be the neural basis of psychological concepts. A CA is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... To our knowledge, only a single report (Moga et al., 1995) has examined the general distribution of PV projections “with special emphasis on the projections to the hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus ...
... To our knowledge, only a single report (Moga et al., 1995) has examined the general distribution of PV projections “with special emphasis on the projections to the hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... ter washout of cell debris, cell perfusion was switched to a solution suitable for Na-current isolation, containing: 100 NaCl, 40 TEACl, 10 HEPES (free acid), 2 CaCl2, 3 MgCl2, 0.2 CdCl2, 5 4-AP, 25 glucose, pH 7.4 with NaOH, bubbled with pure O 2. The intrapipette solution contained (in mmol/l): ...
... ter washout of cell debris, cell perfusion was switched to a solution suitable for Na-current isolation, containing: 100 NaCl, 40 TEACl, 10 HEPES (free acid), 2 CaCl2, 3 MgCl2, 0.2 CdCl2, 5 4-AP, 25 glucose, pH 7.4 with NaOH, bubbled with pure O 2. The intrapipette solution contained (in mmol/l): ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... from the hand field of the F1 area (primary motor cortex) were recorded, the thinking being that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neu ...
... from the hand field of the F1 area (primary motor cortex) were recorded, the thinking being that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neu ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... results demonstrate that the direct descending pathway from the FEF to the SC carries preparatory set-related activity for pro-saccades and anti-saccades. The results also provide insights into the neuronal basis of variations in saccadic reaction times and in the control of the prepotent response t ...
... results demonstrate that the direct descending pathway from the FEF to the SC carries preparatory set-related activity for pro-saccades and anti-saccades. The results also provide insights into the neuronal basis of variations in saccadic reaction times and in the control of the prepotent response t ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... cuticular sense organs (sensilla) occurring on all body parts, with the antennules (first antennae), second antennae, legs, and mouthparts representing the major chemosensory organs. Chemoreceptive sensilla of crustaceans are divided into bimodal sensilla which comprise a few mechano- and some chemo ...
... cuticular sense organs (sensilla) occurring on all body parts, with the antennules (first antennae), second antennae, legs, and mouthparts representing the major chemosensory organs. Chemoreceptive sensilla of crustaceans are divided into bimodal sensilla which comprise a few mechano- and some chemo ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... showed that FAC reduced evoked and spontaneous ATP release. All together these data show that putative astrocytes are the source of endogenous ATP, which via activation of presynaptic P2X receptors, facilitates the evoked glutamate release and increases the synaptic transmission efficacy in the NTS- ...
... showed that FAC reduced evoked and spontaneous ATP release. All together these data show that putative astrocytes are the source of endogenous ATP, which via activation of presynaptic P2X receptors, facilitates the evoked glutamate release and increases the synaptic transmission efficacy in the NTS- ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...