location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... of serotoninergic neurons in the cerebral ganglion complex and the pathways along which these neurons process antennal, visual, and intracerebral information are described in Chapter 2. The location of serotoninergic neuron cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord and their specialized role in inter- a ...
... of serotoninergic neurons in the cerebral ganglion complex and the pathways along which these neurons process antennal, visual, and intracerebral information are described in Chapter 2. The location of serotoninergic neuron cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord and their specialized role in inter- a ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... FMRP target is the microtubule associated protein (MAP1b) mRNA, which is inappropriately translated in both Drosophila dFmr1 (dfxr) null (Zhang et al., 2001a,b; Pan et al., 2004) and mouse FMR1 knockout models (Brown et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2004). Furthermore, in Drosophila, genetic and biochemical ...
... FMRP target is the microtubule associated protein (MAP1b) mRNA, which is inappropriately translated in both Drosophila dFmr1 (dfxr) null (Zhang et al., 2001a,b; Pan et al., 2004) and mouse FMR1 knockout models (Brown et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2004). Furthermore, in Drosophila, genetic and biochemical ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
BMC Neuroscience
... type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commissural projections because it has distinct lateral, orbitofrontal and medial sectors, which vary by distance, structural type, and pat ...
... type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commissural projections because it has distinct lateral, orbitofrontal and medial sectors, which vary by distance, structural type, and pat ...
Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons
... to form the spinal cord. Motor neurons differentiate ventrally, on either side of a midline structure, the floor plate. Cranial motor neurons reside in the midbrain and the hindbrain (which together constitute the brainstem), where they are partitioned into a series of nuclei. By contrast, spinal mo ...
... to form the spinal cord. Motor neurons differentiate ventrally, on either side of a midline structure, the floor plate. Cranial motor neurons reside in the midbrain and the hindbrain (which together constitute the brainstem), where they are partitioned into a series of nuclei. By contrast, spinal mo ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... Electric activity is known to have profound effects on growth cone morphology and neurite outgrowth, but the nature of the response varies strongly between neurons derived from different species or brain areas. To establish the role of electric activity in neurite outgrowth and neuronal morphogenesi ...
... Electric activity is known to have profound effects on growth cone morphology and neurite outgrowth, but the nature of the response varies strongly between neurons derived from different species or brain areas. To establish the role of electric activity in neurite outgrowth and neuronal morphogenesi ...
disparity detection from stereo
... stimuli to enhance their visual perception. In the real world, objects do not come into and disappear from the field of view randomly, but rather, they typically move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, however, valu ...
... stimuli to enhance their visual perception. In the real world, objects do not come into and disappear from the field of view randomly, but rather, they typically move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, however, valu ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... shaker and shal (Salkoff et al., 1992; Tsunoda and Salkoff 1995a,b; Baro et al., 1996a; Kim et al., 1997, 1998). Studies at the transcriptional level suggest that all pyloric neurons express both genes (Baro et al., 1996b, 1997). Thus, variations in IA could be generated by differential expression o ...
... shaker and shal (Salkoff et al., 1992; Tsunoda and Salkoff 1995a,b; Baro et al., 1996a; Kim et al., 1997, 1998). Studies at the transcriptional level suggest that all pyloric neurons express both genes (Baro et al., 1996b, 1997). Thus, variations in IA could be generated by differential expression o ...
Reticular Formation
... Consists of neurons within the central core of the brainstem Multi-neuronal, polysynaptic pathway Receives input from almost all sensory system (except the dorsal column pathway) Has efferent connections, either direct or indirect, with all levels of the CNS ...
... Consists of neurons within the central core of the brainstem Multi-neuronal, polysynaptic pathway Receives input from almost all sensory system (except the dorsal column pathway) Has efferent connections, either direct or indirect, with all levels of the CNS ...
19. Senses General and Special
... that open to the outside of the body, such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal. Interoceptors (in t́ er-ō-sep t́ er; inter = between), also called visceroceptors, detect stimuli in internal organs (viscera). These receptors are primarily stretch receptors in the smooth muscle o ...
... that open to the outside of the body, such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal. Interoceptors (in t́ er-ō-sep t́ er; inter = between), also called visceroceptors, detect stimuli in internal organs (viscera). These receptors are primarily stretch receptors in the smooth muscle o ...
Central Neuropeptide Y Signaling Ameliorates N
... pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y functions as a central neurotransmitter to lower blood pressure, therefore its increased signaling ...
... pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y functions as a central neurotransmitter to lower blood pressure, therefore its increased signaling ...
Principles of Neural Science
... receptor consists of a bundle of specialized (intrafusal) muscle fibers enclosed by a capsule. The sensory nerve endings respond to stretch of the muscle fibers. Stretch-sensitive ion channels in the nerve membrane are linked to the cytoskeleton by the protein spectrin. Mechanical deformation of the ...
... receptor consists of a bundle of specialized (intrafusal) muscle fibers enclosed by a capsule. The sensory nerve endings respond to stretch of the muscle fibers. Stretch-sensitive ion channels in the nerve membrane are linked to the cytoskeleton by the protein spectrin. Mechanical deformation of the ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... and O’Donnell, 2000). Complete DA receptor blockade fails to abolish the onset of the evoked depolarization, suggesting that the transition to the up state is mediated by a non-DA mechanism, with DA acting to sustain the depolarization. Because D1 receptors enhance NMDA function in the PFC (Zheng et ...
... and O’Donnell, 2000). Complete DA receptor blockade fails to abolish the onset of the evoked depolarization, suggesting that the transition to the up state is mediated by a non-DA mechanism, with DA acting to sustain the depolarization. Because D1 receptors enhance NMDA function in the PFC (Zheng et ...
Sympathetic Chain
... - cardiac(no pain fibr.) Anterior-ramify around CCA,ECA & its branches Ascending-INTERNAL CAROTID NERVE -carotido-tympanic -deep petrosal -communicating(v,iii,iv,v,&vi) -nervus conarii (pineal gland) Term.communicating(ant. & middle cerebral ophthalmic arteries ...
... - cardiac(no pain fibr.) Anterior-ramify around CCA,ECA & its branches Ascending-INTERNAL CAROTID NERVE -carotido-tympanic -deep petrosal -communicating(v,iii,iv,v,&vi) -nervus conarii (pineal gland) Term.communicating(ant. & middle cerebral ophthalmic arteries ...
PDF file
... stimuli to enhance their visual perception. In the real world, objects do not come into and disappear from the field of view randomly, but rather, they typically move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, however, valu ...
... stimuli to enhance their visual perception. In the real world, objects do not come into and disappear from the field of view randomly, but rather, they typically move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, however, valu ...
Experimental spinal cord transplantation as a mechanism of
... of the return of function following implantation of fetal tissue into the injured spinal cord of animals. Invari ably, these results are in early (5 day old or less) postnatal animals.13 At this stage of development the corticospinal tract, as well as the other descending and ascending white matter ...
... of the return of function following implantation of fetal tissue into the injured spinal cord of animals. Invari ably, these results are in early (5 day old or less) postnatal animals.13 At this stage of development the corticospinal tract, as well as the other descending and ascending white matter ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... orthodromic/antidromic activation provides clear evidence of conneccompare visual responsivity under passive (fixation) versus active (sactivity, the failure to observe activation cannot be interpreted as evidence cade) conditions, and to assess additional properties such as directional that the neu ...
... orthodromic/antidromic activation provides clear evidence of conneccompare visual responsivity under passive (fixation) versus active (sactivity, the failure to observe activation cannot be interpreted as evidence cade) conditions, and to assess additional properties such as directional that the neu ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... Masato Taira. Integration of perspective and disparity cues in surface-orientation–selective neurons of area CIP. J Neurophysiol 86: 2856 –2867, 2001. We investigated the effects of linear perspective and binocular disparity, as monocular and binocular depth cues, respectively, on the response of su ...
... Masato Taira. Integration of perspective and disparity cues in surface-orientation–selective neurons of area CIP. J Neurophysiol 86: 2856 –2867, 2001. We investigated the effects of linear perspective and binocular disparity, as monocular and binocular depth cues, respectively, on the response of su ...
- Reppert Lab
... integration, and it is also involved in motor control (Strauss, 2002; Homberg, 2008). The central complex is thus well suited to serve as a major integration and staging center of the insect brain. The gross layout of the monarch central complex has been described recently (Heinze and Reppert, 2011) ...
... integration, and it is also involved in motor control (Strauss, 2002; Homberg, 2008). The central complex is thus well suited to serve as a major integration and staging center of the insect brain. The gross layout of the monarch central complex has been described recently (Heinze and Reppert, 2011) ...
NEOCORTEX
... primates have the largest brains in proportion to their body weight. However, the human brain is three times as large as might be expected for a primate of equivalent weight (Passingham,1982). Furthermore, the human brain is not simply a scaled-up version of our closest primate relatives, i.e., the ...
... primates have the largest brains in proportion to their body weight. However, the human brain is three times as large as might be expected for a primate of equivalent weight (Passingham,1982). Furthermore, the human brain is not simply a scaled-up version of our closest primate relatives, i.e., the ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs under ...
... molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs under ...
Ascending projections from spinal cord and brainstem to
... and 2614 were much smaller. In cases 2577 and 2590 they involved the area medial to the fasciculus retroflexus, at different dorsoventral locations, and in case 2395 the area lateral to the fasciculus retroflexus (nucleus centre médian). In case 2614 the rostral part of the medial thalamus was injecte ...
... and 2614 were much smaller. In cases 2577 and 2590 they involved the area medial to the fasciculus retroflexus, at different dorsoventral locations, and in case 2395 the area lateral to the fasciculus retroflexus (nucleus centre médian). In case 2614 the rostral part of the medial thalamus was injecte ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... information in the striatum [7,8]. Although the earliest studies argued that TANs might have a key role in detecting motivationally relevant events, a number of observations indicate that these neurons can provide information about the nature of the stimuli present, irrespective of whether they are ...
... information in the striatum [7,8]. Although the earliest studies argued that TANs might have a key role in detecting motivationally relevant events, a number of observations indicate that these neurons can provide information about the nature of the stimuli present, irrespective of whether they are ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
Introduction to Data Communication Networks - DSpace
... emotions and integrate input information from all parts of the body and produce output signals of meaningful information. Central computer has millions of communication lines( afferent ...
... emotions and integrate input information from all parts of the body and produce output signals of meaningful information. Central computer has millions of communication lines( afferent ...