Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... Performance in both sequence conditions was assessed by calculating the reaction time (RT, time between trigger onset and bar release) and movement time (MT, time between bar release and target contact) of correct responses. The data for each sequence condition were taken from 69 (monkey R) and 40 ( ...
... Performance in both sequence conditions was assessed by calculating the reaction time (RT, time between trigger onset and bar release) and movement time (MT, time between bar release and target contact) of correct responses. The data for each sequence condition were taken from 69 (monkey R) and 40 ( ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... stainless screws were then threaded into holes in the skull to serve as anchors for cranioplastic acrylic. Stainless steel wires were soldered onto two screws to serve as a ground. Two bipolar electrodes for intracranial stimulation were implanted in the medial forebrain bundle (anterior, 25.2 from ...
... stainless screws were then threaded into holes in the skull to serve as anchors for cranioplastic acrylic. Stainless steel wires were soldered onto two screws to serve as a ground. Two bipolar electrodes for intracranial stimulation were implanted in the medial forebrain bundle (anterior, 25.2 from ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands (also known as the master gland) • pineal gland: endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum that secretes melatonin • thyroid gland: endocrine gland found in the neck that regulates metabolism • pancreas: endo ...
... secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands (also known as the master gland) • pineal gland: endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum that secretes melatonin • thyroid gland: endocrine gland found in the neck that regulates metabolism • pancreas: endo ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... relationship between Rh5 and Rh6 afferents, is maintained from the nerve entering the brain to the axon terminals. The target neurons can be subdivided according to neurotransmitter or neuropeptide they use as well as the location within the brain. We further track the larval optic neuropil through ...
... relationship between Rh5 and Rh6 afferents, is maintained from the nerve entering the brain to the axon terminals. The target neurons can be subdivided according to neurotransmitter or neuropeptide they use as well as the location within the brain. We further track the larval optic neuropil through ...
Hindbrain Glucoprivation Effects on Gastric Vagal Reflex Circuits
... suggested that astrocytes in the dorsal hindbrain may be the principal detectors of glucoprivic stimuli. Our own studies also show that a subset of astrocytes in the solitary nucleus (NST) is activated by low glucose. It is very likely that information about glucopenia may directly impact gastric co ...
... suggested that astrocytes in the dorsal hindbrain may be the principal detectors of glucoprivic stimuli. Our own studies also show that a subset of astrocytes in the solitary nucleus (NST) is activated by low glucose. It is very likely that information about glucopenia may directly impact gastric co ...
self-organising map
... fashion. •Each output neuron is fully connected to all the source nodes in the input layer. •This network represents a feedforward structure with a single computational layer consisting of neurons arranged in a 2D or 1D grid. Higher dimensions > 2D are possible but not used very often. Grid topology ...
... fashion. •Each output neuron is fully connected to all the source nodes in the input layer. •This network represents a feedforward structure with a single computational layer consisting of neurons arranged in a 2D or 1D grid. Higher dimensions > 2D are possible but not used very often. Grid topology ...
The Optic Tectum of Birds - Department of Psychology
... Since the seminal studies of Hubel and Wiesel (1968), there has been an enormous amount of work on the visual system in mammals, particularly in primates, which are regarded as having a sophisticated visual system. However, an extensive amount of research into the avian visual system should not be o ...
... Since the seminal studies of Hubel and Wiesel (1968), there has been an enormous amount of work on the visual system in mammals, particularly in primates, which are regarded as having a sophisticated visual system. However, an extensive amount of research into the avian visual system should not be o ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... neurons are associated with different phases of behavior, including preparation and response, reward expectation, and reward delivery (Carelli and Deadwyler 1994; Bowman et al. 1996; Carelli et al. 2000; Hollerman et al. 2000). During the response preparation phase, anticipatory increases in firing ...
... neurons are associated with different phases of behavior, including preparation and response, reward expectation, and reward delivery (Carelli and Deadwyler 1994; Bowman et al. 1996; Carelli et al. 2000; Hollerman et al. 2000). During the response preparation phase, anticipatory increases in firing ...
Title
... simulation-based, low-level mind-reading.23 This is because pretending and decision-making are high-level activities which play a role in high-level, but not low-level, mind-reading.24 This is an odd concession, one it is not clear that he can make. In order to argue that mirror neurons support simu ...
... simulation-based, low-level mind-reading.23 This is because pretending and decision-making are high-level activities which play a role in high-level, but not low-level, mind-reading.24 This is an odd concession, one it is not clear that he can make. In order to argue that mirror neurons support simu ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... The introduction of a novel male stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of female sheep during seasonal anestrus, leading to the resumption of follicle maturation and ovulation. How this pheromone cue activates pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing horm ...
... The introduction of a novel male stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of female sheep during seasonal anestrus, leading to the resumption of follicle maturation and ovulation. How this pheromone cue activates pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing horm ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... external calcium solution the basalpH, washigher and the initial fall in pH, occurred more slowly and wasnot asprominent (Fig. 2A). Subsequently, the recovery of basal levels and secondary increase in pH, appeared delayed in onset and overall time course. Elevated external calcium did not alter the ...
... external calcium solution the basalpH, washigher and the initial fall in pH, occurred more slowly and wasnot asprominent (Fig. 2A). Subsequently, the recovery of basal levels and secondary increase in pH, appeared delayed in onset and overall time course. Elevated external calcium did not alter the ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... almost completely blocked by either lesions of the serotonin system or blockade of serotonin (5-HT) neuron activity by a combination of 5-HT1A plus 5-HT1B receptor agonists (Carta et al., 2007). These findings suggested that L-DOPA-derived DA, released as a “false transmitter” from serotonin termina ...
... almost completely blocked by either lesions of the serotonin system or blockade of serotonin (5-HT) neuron activity by a combination of 5-HT1A plus 5-HT1B receptor agonists (Carta et al., 2007). These findings suggested that L-DOPA-derived DA, released as a “false transmitter” from serotonin termina ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - How is the mammalian nervous system organized? The body is represented in the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex (part 1) ...
... Nervous System - How is the mammalian nervous system organized? The body is represented in the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex (part 1) ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... undertaken to provide a comprehensive description of the 5-HT-containing neurons and of the distribution of their axonal processes in the cat brain and spinal cord. The localization of cell bodies was comparable to that previously reported in studies using formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and other ...
... undertaken to provide a comprehensive description of the 5-HT-containing neurons and of the distribution of their axonal processes in the cat brain and spinal cord. The localization of cell bodies was comparable to that previously reported in studies using formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and other ...
A STUDY OF PRO- AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE FACTORS IN A MODEL... ASSOCIATED VISCERAL PAIN by Jessica Rose Benson
... acute colitis. However, five weeks later SP immunoreactivity was increased both in the dorsal horn (4 fold; P < 0.01) and central canal (P < 0.001). In the cervical spinal cord, SP immunoreactivity was not increased following colitis, suggesting that changes seen in the thoracic level were specific ...
... acute colitis. However, five weeks later SP immunoreactivity was increased both in the dorsal horn (4 fold; P < 0.01) and central canal (P < 0.001). In the cervical spinal cord, SP immunoreactivity was not increased following colitis, suggesting that changes seen in the thoracic level were specific ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... The rats were perfused transcardially with 100 ml of saline, followed by 200 mls of 10% formalin. Brain was removed and post fixed for 48 hrs in the same fixative. The tissue was processed for paraffin sectioning. Motor cortex and cerebellar tissue were selected for study. Tissue pieces were dehydra ...
... The rats were perfused transcardially with 100 ml of saline, followed by 200 mls of 10% formalin. Brain was removed and post fixed for 48 hrs in the same fixative. The tissue was processed for paraffin sectioning. Motor cortex and cerebellar tissue were selected for study. Tissue pieces were dehydra ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... for the tetanus toxin is mionevralny synapse, where toxin acts on the motor fibers in the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. In the CNS, the toxins (tetanus), viruses, antibodies to nerve tissue can spread from neuron to neuron in neural processes (with axo- flow) and interneuronal spaces. Secur ...
... for the tetanus toxin is mionevralny synapse, where toxin acts on the motor fibers in the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. In the CNS, the toxins (tetanus), viruses, antibodies to nerve tissue can spread from neuron to neuron in neural processes (with axo- flow) and interneuronal spaces. Secur ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... eertebrate primary cilia are best known for their sensory roles. In the visual system, the connecting cilium between the outer segment and the cell body in rod and cone cell is a modified primary cilium. Olfactory neurons possess primary cilia that are endowed with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs ...
... eertebrate primary cilia are best known for their sensory roles. In the visual system, the connecting cilium between the outer segment and the cell body in rod and cone cell is a modified primary cilium. Olfactory neurons possess primary cilia that are endowed with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs ...
PDF
... 100 μm) which are denoted by n 1 ,. . .,n 6 . Thus, neurons of cell type 1 (i.e., RB) are allocated at the first n 1 positions with a gap D between neurons. Neurons of cell type 2 (i.e., dlc) are allocated at the next n 2 positions with a gap D between neurons, etc. There will be some empty spaces in ...
... 100 μm) which are denoted by n 1 ,. . .,n 6 . Thus, neurons of cell type 1 (i.e., RB) are allocated at the first n 1 positions with a gap D between neurons. Neurons of cell type 2 (i.e., dlc) are allocated at the next n 2 positions with a gap D between neurons, etc. There will be some empty spaces in ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... vessels around the heart. Activation of these receptors is relayed to the brain by afferents to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS),1 which release glutamate.2,3 A central reflex arc through the brain stem and spinal cord serves to return blood pressure to homeostatic values. Although the underl ...
... vessels around the heart. Activation of these receptors is relayed to the brain by afferents to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS),1 which release glutamate.2,3 A central reflex arc through the brain stem and spinal cord serves to return blood pressure to homeostatic values. Although the underl ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... firing frequency generally increases with stimulus concentration in both gustatory afferents (Frank et al., 1983; Ogawa, Sato, & Yamashita, 1968; Pfaffmann, 1941) and rNST neurons (Ganchrow & Erickson, 1970; S. P. Travers, Pfaffmann, & Norgren, 1986; Victor & Di Lorenzo, 2011), a particular firing f ...
... firing frequency generally increases with stimulus concentration in both gustatory afferents (Frank et al., 1983; Ogawa, Sato, & Yamashita, 1968; Pfaffmann, 1941) and rNST neurons (Ganchrow & Erickson, 1970; S. P. Travers, Pfaffmann, & Norgren, 1986; Victor & Di Lorenzo, 2011), a particular firing f ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... potential frequencies of VMN and LH neurons in response to changes in extracellular glucose. They found that 33% of LH neurons were sensitive to small changes in glucose. In agreement with previous studies [22], increased plasma glucose inhibited the majority of LH glucose-sensing neurons. These neu ...
... potential frequencies of VMN and LH neurons in response to changes in extracellular glucose. They found that 33% of LH neurons were sensitive to small changes in glucose. In agreement with previous studies [22], increased plasma glucose inhibited the majority of LH glucose-sensing neurons. These neu ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... an understanding as to how the software NEST used learning rules to simulate different models connected in various networks. Skills and techniques learnt from the Computational Modelling module (COMP5320M) were used to analyse and pre-process data obtained from simulations. This project provided the ...
... an understanding as to how the software NEST used learning rules to simulate different models connected in various networks. Skills and techniques learnt from the Computational Modelling module (COMP5320M) were used to analyse and pre-process data obtained from simulations. This project provided the ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... influence of absolute disparity was still stronger in most of them (Thomas et al., 2002). In V3 and V3A, neurons were found to be in a columnar organization based on their selectivity to binocular disparity (Adams, 1997; Adams and Zeki, 2001), which may suggest that these areas are specialized for b ...
... influence of absolute disparity was still stronger in most of them (Thomas et al., 2002). In V3 and V3A, neurons were found to be in a columnar organization based on their selectivity to binocular disparity (Adams, 1997; Adams and Zeki, 2001), which may suggest that these areas are specialized for b ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... et al., 1999; Mostofi et al., 2010), we observed that nucleocortical MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the ...
... et al., 1999; Mostofi et al., 2010), we observed that nucleocortical MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the ...