The Drosophila Pox neuro gene: control of male courtship behavior
... important role in the development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as determinant of poly-innervated external sensory (p-es) organs in larvae (Dambly-Chaudière et al., 1992) and adults (Awasaki and Kimura, 1997). Poxn is expressed in larval p-es organs and adult chemosensory organs during deve ...
... important role in the development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as determinant of poly-innervated external sensory (p-es) organs in larvae (Dambly-Chaudière et al., 1992) and adults (Awasaki and Kimura, 1997). Poxn is expressed in larval p-es organs and adult chemosensory organs during deve ...
Fine structural analysis of extraocular muscle spindles of a
... spindles of aged persons are already present in EOM spindles of a 2-year-old infant. Mi-1 HODS. Distal halves of two EOMs obtained from a 2-year-old multiorgan donor were immersionfixed and prepared for electron microscopy. The fine structure of 10 muscle spindles and of 1 "false ...
... spindles of aged persons are already present in EOM spindles of a 2-year-old infant. Mi-1 HODS. Distal halves of two EOMs obtained from a 2-year-old multiorgan donor were immersionfixed and prepared for electron microscopy. The fine structure of 10 muscle spindles and of 1 "false ...
Fine structural analysis of extraocular muscle spindles of a two
... spindles of aged persons are already present in EOM spindles of a 2-year-old infant. Mi-1 HODS. Distal halves of two EOMs obtained from a 2-year-old multiorgan donor were immersionfixed and prepared for electron microscopy. The fine structure of 10 muscle spindles and of 1 "false ...
... spindles of aged persons are already present in EOM spindles of a 2-year-old infant. Mi-1 HODS. Distal halves of two EOMs obtained from a 2-year-old multiorgan donor were immersionfixed and prepared for electron microscopy. The fine structure of 10 muscle spindles and of 1 "false ...
BMP4 expression in the adult rat brain
... dose-dependent manner. In addition, western blotting with the antibody exhibited a single band of about 19 kD, the size consistent with a previous report (Wozney, 1989; Fig. 1C). Furthermore, pre-absorption of the antiserum with BMP4 completely abolished the immunostaining (Fig. 1D and E). These dat ...
... dose-dependent manner. In addition, western blotting with the antibody exhibited a single band of about 19 kD, the size consistent with a previous report (Wozney, 1989; Fig. 1C). Furthermore, pre-absorption of the antiserum with BMP4 completely abolished the immunostaining (Fig. 1D and E). These dat ...
Saccades and multisaccadic gaze shifts are gated by different
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... After elimination of L, we partitioned the remaining boutons into clusters using the mean-shift algorithm width kernel width h. The choice of h controls the smoothness of the density landscape. It can be thought as the equivalent of the bin width in histograms. A large h will result in a very smooth ...
... After elimination of L, we partitioned the remaining boutons into clusters using the mean-shift algorithm width kernel width h. The choice of h controls the smoothness of the density landscape. It can be thought as the equivalent of the bin width in histograms. A large h will result in a very smooth ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... (Rolls, 2016b), or has increased functional connectivity (Cheng et al., 2016). Conversely, if the non-reward system is underactive or is damaged by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, the decreased sensitivity to non-reward may contribute to increased impulsivity (Berlin, Rolls, & Iversen, 2005; Be ...
... (Rolls, 2016b), or has increased functional connectivity (Cheng et al., 2016). Conversely, if the non-reward system is underactive or is damaged by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, the decreased sensitivity to non-reward may contribute to increased impulsivity (Berlin, Rolls, & Iversen, 2005; Be ...
GnRH Protein Levels in Atrazine-Treated Axolotls
... However, several studies have shown no effect of atrazine on aromatase (Hecker et al., 2005; Murphy et al., 2006). Though possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption, such as aromatase activation, have been previously investigated, few studies have focused on the central effects of atrazine and othe ...
... However, several studies have shown no effect of atrazine on aromatase (Hecker et al., 2005; Murphy et al., 2006). Though possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption, such as aromatase activation, have been previously investigated, few studies have focused on the central effects of atrazine and othe ...
FULL TEXT PDF - Neuroendocrinology Letters
... attention because such work may be considered as providing proxy data for similar investigations conducted upon long extinct species. Indeed, the fossil record reveals little anatomical difference between those hagfish living 300 million years ago and their modern descendants. Accordingly, the hagfi ...
... attention because such work may be considered as providing proxy data for similar investigations conducted upon long extinct species. Indeed, the fossil record reveals little anatomical difference between those hagfish living 300 million years ago and their modern descendants. Accordingly, the hagfi ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Novelty exploration training tasks - Repositório da Universidade de
... the spinal cord, conditioning peripheral sympathetic tone to the heart and vessels. Other areas of the central autonomic network that could also be involved in the generation of sympathetic activity are the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). LPBN plays a cr ...
... the spinal cord, conditioning peripheral sympathetic tone to the heart and vessels. Other areas of the central autonomic network that could also be involved in the generation of sympathetic activity are the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). LPBN plays a cr ...
J.H. Meijer, S. Michel, M.J. Vansteensel
... rhythm with the environmental cycle under natural light– dark conditions is usually achieved with daily adjustments of the phase and period of the circadian oscillator (Daan, 2000). The effect of light on the circadian rhythm in locomotor activity has been intensively studied in a great number of spe ...
... rhythm with the environmental cycle under natural light– dark conditions is usually achieved with daily adjustments of the phase and period of the circadian oscillator (Daan, 2000). The effect of light on the circadian rhythm in locomotor activity has been intensively studied in a great number of spe ...
NEUROGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS AND
... fibers running ventral to the accessory olfactory bulb (L4, Fig. 1). With the exception of its most posterior part, the pars externa is in close proximity to the granule cells of the main olfactory bulb. Figure 2 shows the data for the time of origin of the dorsolateral portion of the pars externa. ...
... fibers running ventral to the accessory olfactory bulb (L4, Fig. 1). With the exception of its most posterior part, the pars externa is in close proximity to the granule cells of the main olfactory bulb. Figure 2 shows the data for the time of origin of the dorsolateral portion of the pars externa. ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... In experiments on transmission from dlc interneurons to contralateral rhythmic neurons, the right side of the spinal cord in segments 3–5 was removed to allow better illumination to see and access left-side neurons more easily. The animal was then repinned on a small rotating Sylgard stage in a 700 ...
... In experiments on transmission from dlc interneurons to contralateral rhythmic neurons, the right side of the spinal cord in segments 3–5 was removed to allow better illumination to see and access left-side neurons more easily. The animal was then repinned on a small rotating Sylgard stage in a 700 ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... provide especially valuable input? The answer to that question is, we believe, related primarily to the diversity of insects and the detailed information that has been obtained about individual cells. First, there is enough information about specific cells in related insect species that meaningful c ...
... provide especially valuable input? The answer to that question is, we believe, related primarily to the diversity of insects and the detailed information that has been obtained about individual cells. First, there is enough information about specific cells in related insect species that meaningful c ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... by dividing the value of maximum change with the control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control value of nerve activity was derived by averaging the integrated nerve activities for a period of 30 s before stimulation. The largest deviation from the control lev ...
... by dividing the value of maximum change with the control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control value of nerve activity was derived by averaging the integrated nerve activities for a period of 30 s before stimulation. The largest deviation from the control lev ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... ANS: c, p. 45, C, LO=2.1, (1) 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to ...
... ANS: c, p. 45, C, LO=2.1, (1) 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to ...
Control of Respiration - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
... • Stretch receptors in the visceral pleura and large airways send inhibitory signals to the inspiratory neurons during very deep inspirations, protecting against excessive stretching of the lungs. This is known as the inflation, or Hering-Breuer, reflex. Page 15. Exercise and Ventilation • Changes i ...
... • Stretch receptors in the visceral pleura and large airways send inhibitory signals to the inspiratory neurons during very deep inspirations, protecting against excessive stretching of the lungs. This is known as the inflation, or Hering-Breuer, reflex. Page 15. Exercise and Ventilation • Changes i ...
Sample
... 2-33. Which activity involves activation of the parasympathetic system? a) picking up a ball b) studying for a final exam c) resting after a stressful drive home d) getting “psyched up” to play an important tennis match ANS: c, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-34. Homeostasis refers to a) a balanced state ...
... 2-33. Which activity involves activation of the parasympathetic system? a) picking up a ball b) studying for a final exam c) resting after a stressful drive home d) getting “psyched up” to play an important tennis match ANS: c, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-34. Homeostasis refers to a) a balanced state ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... Figure 1. Transverse section through barn owl brain stem stained with monoclonal antibody that recognizes calretinen. This photomicrograph shows both the cochlear nuclei (NA, NM) and the nucleus laminaris (NL). The medial vestibular nucleus (*) forms the medial border and the cerebellar peduncle (CB ...
... Figure 1. Transverse section through barn owl brain stem stained with monoclonal antibody that recognizes calretinen. This photomicrograph shows both the cochlear nuclei (NA, NM) and the nucleus laminaris (NL). The medial vestibular nucleus (*) forms the medial border and the cerebellar peduncle (CB ...
The Nervous System
... Surrounds the third ventricle of the brain The relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Surrounds the third ventricle of the brain The relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cover page
... neuronal regeneration in the context of neurodegenerative disease of the cortical output circuitry. The neocortex contains an unparalleled diversity of neuronal subtypes, each defined by distinct traits that are developmentally acquired under the control of several neuron subtype-specific and pan-ne ...
... neuronal regeneration in the context of neurodegenerative disease of the cortical output circuitry. The neocortex contains an unparalleled diversity of neuronal subtypes, each defined by distinct traits that are developmentally acquired under the control of several neuron subtype-specific and pan-ne ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... whole, greater loss of cholinergic fibers was detected in supragranular layers and in fibers oriented vertical to the cortical surface. These results indicate that cholinomimetic therapies are likely to have different effects on cholinergic transmission in various cortical areas. The precise mechani ...
... whole, greater loss of cholinergic fibers was detected in supragranular layers and in fibers oriented vertical to the cortical surface. These results indicate that cholinomimetic therapies are likely to have different effects on cholinergic transmission in various cortical areas. The precise mechani ...
NUCLEI-SPECIFIC RESPONSE TO PAIN IN THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE By
... the ventromedial (vAM) nucleus of the BST, a finding not evident in naïve or ...
... the ventromedial (vAM) nucleus of the BST, a finding not evident in naïve or ...