Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... striatum on DA neurons. Thus, the striatum appears to play a role in self-neuronal protection when neurodegeneration of midbrain DA neurons occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity of the DA-denervated striatum are far from being elucidated. Cystatin C, a cysteine p ...
... striatum on DA neurons. Thus, the striatum appears to play a role in self-neuronal protection when neurodegeneration of midbrain DA neurons occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity of the DA-denervated striatum are far from being elucidated. Cystatin C, a cysteine p ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and characterization of the temporal-spatial pattern of neuronal activities in these four nuclei under RWIS, have not been reported to date. The mapping of changes ...
... NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and characterization of the temporal-spatial pattern of neuronal activities in these four nuclei under RWIS, have not been reported to date. The mapping of changes ...
Glia Engulf Degenerating Axons during Developmental Axon Pruning
... with Axon Pruning MVBs and MLBs are typically thought to be associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, which plays an important role in degradation of engulfed proteins and cellular debris (reviewed in [22, 23]). Specifically, studies of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in Drosophila have impli ...
... with Axon Pruning MVBs and MLBs are typically thought to be associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, which plays an important role in degradation of engulfed proteins and cellular debris (reviewed in [22, 23]). Specifically, studies of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in Drosophila have impli ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... Structural analysis as defined in this study classifies areas into a few cortical types, determined by the number of identifiable layers in each area and by how distinct the layers are from each other. By contrast, cytoarchitectonic analysis is a more detailed process, which identifies cortical type ...
... Structural analysis as defined in this study classifies areas into a few cortical types, determined by the number of identifiable layers in each area and by how distinct the layers are from each other. By contrast, cytoarchitectonic analysis is a more detailed process, which identifies cortical type ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... Earth and its stable gravitational conditions. Altering gravity can have profound impacts on the human body. This is especially relevant with the possibility of long-term space travel and habitation and the associated changes in gravity in different space environments. Although some of the effects o ...
... Earth and its stable gravitational conditions. Altering gravity can have profound impacts on the human body. This is especially relevant with the possibility of long-term space travel and habitation and the associated changes in gravity in different space environments. Although some of the effects o ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... contributions and how they are interrelated is essential for understanding the organization of the amygdala as a whole. In fact, a large body of anatomical evidence has clarified the major input-output relationships of most amygdalar nuclei in the rat, although the basomedial nucleus (BMA) is an exc ...
... contributions and how they are interrelated is essential for understanding the organization of the amygdala as a whole. In fact, a large body of anatomical evidence has clarified the major input-output relationships of most amygdalar nuclei in the rat, although the basomedial nucleus (BMA) is an exc ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... brain and spinal cord have been demonstrated immunohistochemically by ChAT or histochemically by the AChE reaction (Butcher 1978, Eckenstem and Sofromew 1983 Satoh et al 1983), and measurements of their activities have been used as an indicator of disturbed cholinergic function following ischemia (O ...
... brain and spinal cord have been demonstrated immunohistochemically by ChAT or histochemically by the AChE reaction (Butcher 1978, Eckenstem and Sofromew 1983 Satoh et al 1983), and measurements of their activities have been used as an indicator of disturbed cholinergic function following ischemia (O ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... pattern to the brainstem trigeminal nuclei occurs along a preexisting, spatially aligned bridge formed by the trigeminal ganglion cells. Primary sensory afferents that connect the periphery to the CNS navigate through a variety of substrates and across considerable distances before contacting target ...
... pattern to the brainstem trigeminal nuclei occurs along a preexisting, spatially aligned bridge formed by the trigeminal ganglion cells. Primary sensory afferents that connect the periphery to the CNS navigate through a variety of substrates and across considerable distances before contacting target ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... dehydrated, and coverslipped. These sections were used to delineate anatomical subdivisions within the rostral NST. The alternate sections for the remaining brains could not be used for histological analysis. Microscopic anal ysis. The tracing and counting of FLI-positive cells were performed by an ...
... dehydrated, and coverslipped. These sections were used to delineate anatomical subdivisions within the rostral NST. The alternate sections for the remaining brains could not be used for histological analysis. Microscopic anal ysis. The tracing and counting of FLI-positive cells were performed by an ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... Sprague-Dawley rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all cortical injections (adult and neonate), red nucleus injections, and intravitreal injections whereas adult male Lewis rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all DRG injections (Charles River Laboratories) (Table 2). Food and water were provided ad libitu ...
... Sprague-Dawley rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all cortical injections (adult and neonate), red nucleus injections, and intravitreal injections whereas adult male Lewis rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all DRG injections (Charles River Laboratories) (Table 2). Food and water were provided ad libitu ...
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Metabolic control of puberty
... that leptin acts (mainly) indirectly in the control of the GnRH system. Yet, there has been a conspicuous lack of functional data for such an indirect mode of action until very recently. In the last months, however, Quennell et al. (2009) have presented conclusive experimental evidence to demonstrat ...
... that leptin acts (mainly) indirectly in the control of the GnRH system. Yet, there has been a conspicuous lack of functional data for such an indirect mode of action until very recently. In the last months, however, Quennell et al. (2009) have presented conclusive experimental evidence to demonstrat ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... site and the area where MDMs infiltrate. These areas were manually outlined for 3D rendering. Blue shading corresponds with automated threshold scans of OX42⫹ microglia in white matter. GM, Gray matter. E, F, Graded levels of myelin loss (MBP; red) surround the zymosan injection site. EGFP⫹ DRG axon ...
... site and the area where MDMs infiltrate. These areas were manually outlined for 3D rendering. Blue shading corresponds with automated threshold scans of OX42⫹ microglia in white matter. GM, Gray matter. E, F, Graded levels of myelin loss (MBP; red) surround the zymosan injection site. EGFP⫹ DRG axon ...
Sample
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... gyral surface. Area LIP has much stronger connections than area 7a to established saccade centers: the superior colliculus, the frontal eye field, and dorsal and dorsolateral pons (Andersen et al. 1990a; May and Andersen 1986). These connections suggest that the subdivision of the IPL that is most l ...
... gyral surface. Area LIP has much stronger connections than area 7a to established saccade centers: the superior colliculus, the frontal eye field, and dorsal and dorsolateral pons (Andersen et al. 1990a; May and Andersen 1986). These connections suggest that the subdivision of the IPL that is most l ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... shaping of the breathing pattern. Many peripheral mechano- and chemo-sensory afferents, including those from the lungs, tracheobronchial tree and carotid bifurcation, provide feedback signals involving in the homeodynamic control of breathing, cardiovascular function, and different types of motor be ...
... shaping of the breathing pattern. Many peripheral mechano- and chemo-sensory afferents, including those from the lungs, tracheobronchial tree and carotid bifurcation, provide feedback signals involving in the homeodynamic control of breathing, cardiovascular function, and different types of motor be ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... axonal terminations were expansive, spreading into the parvicellular basolateral nucleus, which is robustly connected with hypothalamic autonomic structures, suggesting that they may in£uence the expressive emotional system of the amygdala. On the other hand, orbitofrontal axons heavily targeted the ...
... axonal terminations were expansive, spreading into the parvicellular basolateral nucleus, which is robustly connected with hypothalamic autonomic structures, suggesting that they may in£uence the expressive emotional system of the amygdala. On the other hand, orbitofrontal axons heavily targeted the ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... IONC model originated specific brainstem nuclei, which normally represent the mandibular (V3) region of the face and/or other body parts. We also observed ectopic receptive fields of V2 VPM neurons and extraterritorial mechanical hypersensitivity in the corresponding V3 region. Furthermore, all thes ...
... IONC model originated specific brainstem nuclei, which normally represent the mandibular (V3) region of the face and/or other body parts. We also observed ectopic receptive fields of V2 VPM neurons and extraterritorial mechanical hypersensitivity in the corresponding V3 region. Furthermore, all thes ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... an olfactory disorder in which a normal, pleasant odor is perceived as foul or putrefactive. For example, in one form of cacosmia, a subject smells rotting meat when no such odor is present. ...
... an olfactory disorder in which a normal, pleasant odor is perceived as foul or putrefactive. For example, in one form of cacosmia, a subject smells rotting meat when no such odor is present. ...
Functions of the Nervous System
... Cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with meningitis. The bacteria are streptococci, found in pairs. Copy right © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with meningitis. The bacteria are streptococci, found in pairs. Copy right © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... that electrical stimulation of the monkey’s prearcuate frontal cortex produced conjugate eye movements, it has been postulated that this region participates in the voluntary control of gaze. However, a number of experiments have raised questions about the exact role of the frontal eye field in eyemo ...
... that electrical stimulation of the monkey’s prearcuate frontal cortex produced conjugate eye movements, it has been postulated that this region participates in the voluntary control of gaze. However, a number of experiments have raised questions about the exact role of the frontal eye field in eyemo ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the branches of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the ...
... of the branches of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the ...
Maxillary palp glomeruli and ipsilateral projections in the antennal
... (figure 2b). It is therefore necessary to establish the identity of an olfactory glomerulus by verifying the innervation. The schematic illustration provided in figure 3, summarises the projections of the maxillary palp projections. The present study has revealed 7 glomeruli to be targets of maxilla ...
... (figure 2b). It is therefore necessary to establish the identity of an olfactory glomerulus by verifying the innervation. The schematic illustration provided in figure 3, summarises the projections of the maxillary palp projections. The present study has revealed 7 glomeruli to be targets of maxilla ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... To quantify the oscillation strength of the recorded neuronal responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). ...
... To quantify the oscillation strength of the recorded neuronal responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). ...