electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... days (Boron and Boulpaep, 2009) (Cowley, 1992) and involves endocrine and paracrine (as well as neural) control over vascular resistance, venous capacitance, cardiac output, and extracellular fluid volume. The regulation of ...
... days (Boron and Boulpaep, 2009) (Cowley, 1992) and involves endocrine and paracrine (as well as neural) control over vascular resistance, venous capacitance, cardiac output, and extracellular fluid volume. The regulation of ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... To quantify the oscillation strength of the recorded neuronal responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). ...
... To quantify the oscillation strength of the recorded neuronal responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). ...
Projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to the cochlear
... and giant cells) are modulated by manipulating the pinna or electrically stimulating the nerve carrying proprioceptive afferents from areas that include the pinna (Saadé et al., 1989; Young et al., 1995; Kanold and Young, 2001). These results indicate that somatosensory activity influences auditory ...
... and giant cells) are modulated by manipulating the pinna or electrically stimulating the nerve carrying proprioceptive afferents from areas that include the pinna (Saadé et al., 1989; Young et al., 1995; Kanold and Young, 2001). These results indicate that somatosensory activity influences auditory ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... Akkal et al. • Inputs to the SMA and Pre-SMA ...
... Akkal et al. • Inputs to the SMA and Pre-SMA ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... 2009). Once in the target region, the axon branches to form arbors that allow it to synapse onto numerous postsynaptic cells (Schmidt and Rathjen, 2010; Gibson and Ma, 2011). The branches then selectively synapse on appropriate synaptic partners, and form nerve terminals specialized for neurotransmi ...
... 2009). Once in the target region, the axon branches to form arbors that allow it to synapse onto numerous postsynaptic cells (Schmidt and Rathjen, 2010; Gibson and Ma, 2011). The branches then selectively synapse on appropriate synaptic partners, and form nerve terminals specialized for neurotransmi ...
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expression and inhibitory
... It has been noted many times in the past that interneurons synapse onto themselves and onto other interneurons in addition to pyramidal cells (Csillag et al., 1993; Hajós et al., 1988; Hájos et al., 1996) but it has previously remained unclear and difficult to ascertain how this impacts the function ...
... It has been noted many times in the past that interneurons synapse onto themselves and onto other interneurons in addition to pyramidal cells (Csillag et al., 1993; Hajós et al., 1988; Hájos et al., 1996) but it has previously remained unclear and difficult to ascertain how this impacts the function ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... loss of spontaneous firing in neurons of the vestibular nucleus which then returns to control values within about a week, even in the absence of vestibular nerve recovery [42,43]. This robust plasticity almost certainly underlies the restoration of oculomotor and postural stability observed in human ...
... loss of spontaneous firing in neurons of the vestibular nucleus which then returns to control values within about a week, even in the absence of vestibular nerve recovery [42,43]. This robust plasticity almost certainly underlies the restoration of oculomotor and postural stability observed in human ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... synapses on DA dendrites. An alternative, or at least complementary, explanation for D2-IPSCs is that they reflect an autocrine DA signal from the recorded neuron, with dendritic release following very rapid, localized, dendritic action potentials [81], which would be difficult to clamp. ...
... synapses on DA dendrites. An alternative, or at least complementary, explanation for D2-IPSCs is that they reflect an autocrine DA signal from the recorded neuron, with dendritic release following very rapid, localized, dendritic action potentials [81], which would be difficult to clamp. ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... 5. It was possible to set up an isolated CNS-nerve trunk-muscle preparation and study the transport of radioactive material from the CNS to the muscle and from muscle to CNS. This has provided information about axoplasmic transport in both invertebrate and vertebrate preparations. 6. The methods dev ...
... 5. It was possible to set up an isolated CNS-nerve trunk-muscle preparation and study the transport of radioactive material from the CNS to the muscle and from muscle to CNS. This has provided information about axoplasmic transport in both invertebrate and vertebrate preparations. 6. The methods dev ...
FREE Sample Here
... and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b. The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c. There are ...
... and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b. The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c. There are ...
The Olfactory Sensory Map in Drosophila
... domain proteins42‑44 to identify candidate Drosophila ORs. There are a total of 62 ORs, encoded by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing.45 The fly OR genes encode a highly divergent family of membrane‑associated proteins that are selectively expressed in Drosophila OSNs.42‑44 These prot ...
... domain proteins42‑44 to identify candidate Drosophila ORs. There are a total of 62 ORs, encoded by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing.45 The fly OR genes encode a highly divergent family of membrane‑associated proteins that are selectively expressed in Drosophila OSNs.42‑44 These prot ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... requirement of CXCR4 for this process, we hypothesized that ectopic expression of CXCL12 would attract postmitotic mDA neurons in vivo. We thus decided to perform in utero electroporations at E12.5, with plasmids encoding Gfp or Cxcl12, and examined the position of TH+ cells at E14.5 (Fig. 5A). We f ...
... requirement of CXCR4 for this process, we hypothesized that ectopic expression of CXCL12 would attract postmitotic mDA neurons in vivo. We thus decided to perform in utero electroporations at E12.5, with plasmids encoding Gfp or Cxcl12, and examined the position of TH+ cells at E14.5 (Fig. 5A). We f ...
Nucleus Accumbensμ-Opioids Regulate Intake of a High
... the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area (Haber et al., 1990; Heimer et al., 1991), structures that potentially contribute to the motor expression of feeding. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of these ...
... the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area (Haber et al., 1990; Heimer et al., 1991), structures that potentially contribute to the motor expression of feeding. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of these ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... – division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands; sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons – sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system): part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting ...
... – division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands; sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons – sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system): part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... explore this connection because glutamatergic neurons of the intralaminar thalamus, and particularly those of the parafascicular nucleus (Pfn), innervate both STN and GP (Bevan et al. 1995; Yasukawa et al. 2004), and because intralaminar thalamic projections to the basal ganglia may play a key role ...
... explore this connection because glutamatergic neurons of the intralaminar thalamus, and particularly those of the parafascicular nucleus (Pfn), innervate both STN and GP (Bevan et al. 1995; Yasukawa et al. 2004), and because intralaminar thalamic projections to the basal ganglia may play a key role ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... were common to all neurons (Fig. 1), and the remaining 6 were chosen for each neuron out of a library of 18 objects to evoke a broad range of responses (for version v22). Each object was scaled to have a longer dimension of 3° in its smallest version (v11) and contained two parts that could be eithe ...
... were common to all neurons (Fig. 1), and the remaining 6 were chosen for each neuron out of a library of 18 objects to evoke a broad range of responses (for version v22). Each object was scaled to have a longer dimension of 3° in its smallest version (v11) and contained two parts that could be eithe ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... 2011). However, the intentional misuse of volatile solvents was not reported in clinical case reports or popular press until the mid-twentieth century. The first documented case was in 1946, when a boy, who was being treated for psychotic symptoms at a hospital, admitted to the attending physician t ...
... 2011). However, the intentional misuse of volatile solvents was not reported in clinical case reports or popular press until the mid-twentieth century. The first documented case was in 1946, when a boy, who was being treated for psychotic symptoms at a hospital, admitted to the attending physician t ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... from two different populations of striatal mediumsized, spiny projection neurons. The direct pathway arises from striatal neurons that contain GABA, substance P and dynorphin as neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator and that express the dopamine D receptor. The striatal neurons that give rise to the indi ...
... from two different populations of striatal mediumsized, spiny projection neurons. The direct pathway arises from striatal neurons that contain GABA, substance P and dynorphin as neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator and that express the dopamine D receptor. The striatal neurons that give rise to the indi ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... neurons, which comprise the neural integrator, are located primarily in the medial vestibular nucleus and the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi for horizontal position control and in the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal for vertical control. Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem re ...
... neurons, which comprise the neural integrator, are located primarily in the medial vestibular nucleus and the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi for horizontal position control and in the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal for vertical control. Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem re ...
Central Nervous System
... • An effector is an organ that puts nerve signals “into effect.” • A neuron pathway is the route traveled by a nerve impulse. • The reflex arc is a specialized path of the neuron pathway, allowing impulse conduction in only one direction. • Conduction by a reflex arc results in a reflex, either cont ...
... • An effector is an organ that puts nerve signals “into effect.” • A neuron pathway is the route traveled by a nerve impulse. • The reflex arc is a specialized path of the neuron pathway, allowing impulse conduction in only one direction. • Conduction by a reflex arc results in a reflex, either cont ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... PDF c ycling. To determine whether the amount of PDF in the central brain terminals varies during the LD cycle, flies of the lines elav-gal4; UAS-pdf, Mz1525-gal4;UAS-pdf, and pdf-gal4;UAS-pdf were dissected at two different time points. PDH immunoreactivity was found to be strongest 1–3 hr after li ...
... PDF c ycling. To determine whether the amount of PDF in the central brain terminals varies during the LD cycle, flies of the lines elav-gal4; UAS-pdf, Mz1525-gal4;UAS-pdf, and pdf-gal4;UAS-pdf were dissected at two different time points. PDH immunoreactivity was found to be strongest 1–3 hr after li ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... This mixture distinctly prevails in the brain structure and its function. ...
... This mixture distinctly prevails in the brain structure and its function. ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... Eye movements are essential for vision, because they direct the fovea to a visual target, and stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the ...
... Eye movements are essential for vision, because they direct the fovea to a visual target, and stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the ...