Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... modalities to control their flight (Taylor and Krapp, 2008). Although the neural circuits underlying visual processing have been studied extensively (Borst, 2014), much less is known about how flying insects acquire, process, and integrate other sensory channels. One of the sensory inputs essential ...
... modalities to control their flight (Taylor and Krapp, 2008). Although the neural circuits underlying visual processing have been studied extensively (Borst, 2014), much less is known about how flying insects acquire, process, and integrate other sensory channels. One of the sensory inputs essential ...
NIH Public Access
... which normally do not regenerate, are able to grow for long distances into the permissive environment of a peripheral nerve graft (Richardson et al. 1980, 1984; David and Aguayo 1981; Benfey and Aguayo 1982). These studies demonstrated that the environment is a critical determinant of axon regenerat ...
... which normally do not regenerate, are able to grow for long distances into the permissive environment of a peripheral nerve graft (Richardson et al. 1980, 1984; David and Aguayo 1981; Benfey and Aguayo 1982). These studies demonstrated that the environment is a critical determinant of axon regenerat ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... 3.1. Motional Properties of BDNF-Containing Vesicles In Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. To analyze the role of BDNF transport in Alzheimer’s disease, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins was performed in dissociated hippocampal neurons from an Alzheimer’s disease mouse ...
... 3.1. Motional Properties of BDNF-Containing Vesicles In Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. To analyze the role of BDNF transport in Alzheimer’s disease, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins was performed in dissociated hippocampal neurons from an Alzheimer’s disease mouse ...
... preferentially to lateral prefrontal areas while its rostrally adjacent sectors projected to medial and orbitofrontal cortices. The diagonal band nuclei projected to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas. Cortical and subcortical structures that are interconnected appear to have a similar patter ...
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... (Fig. 3i; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.12). There was no significant inverse correlation between changes in firing in response to unexpected reward and to reward omission (Fig. 3j; r = 0.10, P = 0.47). Thus, ipsilateral lesions of OFC substantially diminished the normal effect of learning on fir ...
... (Fig. 3i; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.12). There was no significant inverse correlation between changes in firing in response to unexpected reward and to reward omission (Fig. 3j; r = 0.10, P = 0.47). Thus, ipsilateral lesions of OFC substantially diminished the normal effect of learning on fir ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... without further processing so that neurons labelled with FB could be located. Another series was processed for myelin according to the procedure of Gallyas (1979), and the third series was processed for CO following the procedures of Wong-Riley (1979). Both the myelin and CO procedures allowed us to ...
... without further processing so that neurons labelled with FB could be located. Another series was processed for myelin according to the procedure of Gallyas (1979), and the third series was processed for CO following the procedures of Wong-Riley (1979). Both the myelin and CO procedures allowed us to ...
FREE Sample Here - We can offer most test bank and
... Full file at http://emailtestbank.com/ Test-Bank-for-Psychology-An-Exploration-2nd-Edition-by-Ciccarelli Neurons and Nerves: Building the Network 3. The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. a) brain; spinal cord b) autonomic; somatic nervous systems Incorrect. The ...
... Full file at http://emailtestbank.com/ Test-Bank-for-Psychology-An-Exploration-2nd-Edition-by-Ciccarelli Neurons and Nerves: Building the Network 3. The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. a) brain; spinal cord b) autonomic; somatic nervous systems Incorrect. The ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... before recording, no obvious difference in neuron response related to which experimenter performed the action was observed (see also below). Eye movements and EMG recordings Eye movements were studied in two monkeys (monkey 3 and monkey 4) submitted to the same training procedure and experimental co ...
... before recording, no obvious difference in neuron response related to which experimenter performed the action was observed (see also below). Eye movements and EMG recordings Eye movements were studied in two monkeys (monkey 3 and monkey 4) submitted to the same training procedure and experimental co ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... could harm them. Endothelial cells that form the capillaries and venules make this barrier, forming impermeable tight junctions. Astrocytes surround the endothelial cells and induce them to form these junctions. Unlike blood vessels in other parts of the body that are relatively leaky to a variety o ...
... could harm them. Endothelial cells that form the capillaries and venules make this barrier, forming impermeable tight junctions. Astrocytes surround the endothelial cells and induce them to form these junctions. Unlike blood vessels in other parts of the body that are relatively leaky to a variety o ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... Visuo-movement (VM) neurons lacking delay-period activity will be referred to as VM burst neurons to distinguish them from VM prelude neurons, which have significant delay-period activity in addition to movement-related responses (Fig. 1, C and D). These latter neurons likely correspond to the “prel ...
... Visuo-movement (VM) neurons lacking delay-period activity will be referred to as VM burst neurons to distinguish them from VM prelude neurons, which have significant delay-period activity in addition to movement-related responses (Fig. 1, C and D). These latter neurons likely correspond to the “prel ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... Studies using behaving monkeys have shown that the basal ganglia nuclei contain neurons that respond to visual stimuli in a position-selective manner (Hikosaka et al., 2000) and may control motor actions by sending the position information to the superior colliculus (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983b; Karab ...
... Studies using behaving monkeys have shown that the basal ganglia nuclei contain neurons that respond to visual stimuli in a position-selective manner (Hikosaka et al., 2000) and may control motor actions by sending the position information to the superior colliculus (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983b; Karab ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... For approximately isometric volumes like neuropile compartments, a simple measure of their relative center of mass may suffice for identification, while the measurement of their volume and relative location may suffice for the rough quantification of their variability (Jenett et al., 2006). However, ...
... For approximately isometric volumes like neuropile compartments, a simple measure of their relative center of mass may suffice for identification, while the measurement of their volume and relative location may suffice for the rough quantification of their variability (Jenett et al., 2006). However, ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... ago revealed the intricate structure of dendritic and axonal processes in the central nervous system (Ramón y Cajal 1911). Since then, a great deal of information has been gathered about the complex three-dimensional morphology ...
... ago revealed the intricate structure of dendritic and axonal processes in the central nervous system (Ramón y Cajal 1911). Since then, a great deal of information has been gathered about the complex three-dimensional morphology ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... the central clock or pacemaker that in mammals is located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Under day/night conditions the pacemaker is entrained by light or other cyclic environmental cues (so-called Zeitgebers) and produces oscillations with 24 h period. Circadian information ge ...
... the central clock or pacemaker that in mammals is located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Under day/night conditions the pacemaker is entrained by light or other cyclic environmental cues (so-called Zeitgebers) and produces oscillations with 24 h period. Circadian information ge ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... Quantification revealed that AS mice showed a significant reduction in spine density compared with WT mice (WT, 1.614 + 0.076 spines/mm; AS, 1.228 + 0.055 spines/mm; P ¼ 0.0003; Fig. 5B). A reduction in spines along cortical apical dendrites was also observed in AS mice (WT, 1.172 + 0.044 spines/mm; ...
... Quantification revealed that AS mice showed a significant reduction in spine density compared with WT mice (WT, 1.614 + 0.076 spines/mm; AS, 1.228 + 0.055 spines/mm; P ¼ 0.0003; Fig. 5B). A reduction in spines along cortical apical dendrites was also observed in AS mice (WT, 1.172 + 0.044 spines/mm; ...
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... may result from undefined environmental factors acting on a susceptible genetic background (Mignot, 1998). Recently, it was demonstrated that orexin-A was undetectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the majority of patients with narcolepsy, indicating that abnormal orexin neurotransmission also ...
... may result from undefined environmental factors acting on a susceptible genetic background (Mignot, 1998). Recently, it was demonstrated that orexin-A was undetectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the majority of patients with narcolepsy, indicating that abnormal orexin neurotransmission also ...
Nondirected axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic
... 1976), even after destruction of the target musele fibers. This indicates that all information necessary for target finding is contained in the empty basallamina sheet (Sanes et al., 1978). In this study we describe the mechanical isolation of the vitreal basal lamina (inner limiting membrane) ofthe ...
... 1976), even after destruction of the target musele fibers. This indicates that all information necessary for target finding is contained in the empty basallamina sheet (Sanes et al., 1978). In this study we describe the mechanical isolation of the vitreal basal lamina (inner limiting membrane) ofthe ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... essential for the sufficient neuronal activity, T3 can be transported through the BBB remarkably less efficiently than T4 [23]. More than 75% of T3 in the cortex is generated locally by D2 catalyzed conversion of T4 to T3 [24]. In human D2 is the only 5’ deiodinase in the brain [15]. In accordance w ...
... essential for the sufficient neuronal activity, T3 can be transported through the BBB remarkably less efficiently than T4 [23]. More than 75% of T3 in the cortex is generated locally by D2 catalyzed conversion of T4 to T3 [24]. In human D2 is the only 5’ deiodinase in the brain [15]. In accordance w ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
A Lipid Gate for the Peripheral Control of Pain
... PPAR-␣ agonists) (Guindon and Hohmann, 2009; Clapper et al., 2010). The development of a brain-impermeant FAAH inhibitor, URB937, allowed researchers to demonstrate unambiguously that anandamide controls pain initiation through a peripheral CB1-dependent mechanism Figure 2. Targeting analgesic lipid ...
... PPAR-␣ agonists) (Guindon and Hohmann, 2009; Clapper et al., 2010). The development of a brain-impermeant FAAH inhibitor, URB937, allowed researchers to demonstrate unambiguously that anandamide controls pain initiation through a peripheral CB1-dependent mechanism Figure 2. Targeting analgesic lipid ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... until recently, this has been technically impossible to do in vivo, because electrophysiological recording techniques cannot densely probe neurons at this spatial resolution, while optical techniques to monitor neural physiology have been limited to use at the surface of the tissue. Recently, this h ...
... until recently, this has been technically impossible to do in vivo, because electrophysiological recording techniques cannot densely probe neurons at this spatial resolution, while optical techniques to monitor neural physiology have been limited to use at the surface of the tissue. Recently, this h ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... tonically arriving individual spikes would likely meet a depressed synapse. Therefore, the TRN appears poised to induce a switch from tonic to burst firing based on its ability to hyperpolarize TC neurons. However, because of the time required to deinactivate the T-type calcium channels (Jahnsen and ...
... tonically arriving individual spikes would likely meet a depressed synapse. Therefore, the TRN appears poised to induce a switch from tonic to burst firing based on its ability to hyperpolarize TC neurons. However, because of the time required to deinactivate the T-type calcium channels (Jahnsen and ...
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... Anterior Commissure: The anterior commissure crosses through the lamina terminalis. Its anterior fibers connect the olfactory bulbs and nuclei; its posterior fibers connect middle and inferior temporal gyri. Posterior Commissure: The posterior commissure (also known as the epithalamic commissure) is ...
... Anterior Commissure: The anterior commissure crosses through the lamina terminalis. Its anterior fibers connect the olfactory bulbs and nuclei; its posterior fibers connect middle and inferior temporal gyri. Posterior Commissure: The posterior commissure (also known as the epithalamic commissure) is ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... ANS: c, p. 45, C, LO=2.1, (1) 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to ...
... ANS: c, p. 45, C, LO=2.1, (1) 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to ...