Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... vestibular nucleus can influence parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow, either directly or indirectly, via ascending projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation. An ascending pathway also or ...
... vestibular nucleus can influence parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow, either directly or indirectly, via ascending projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation. An ascending pathway also or ...
New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin
... two processes are conveyed along completely separate pathways; in this scenario, there are two populations of LHRH neurons, with each controlling only pulsatility or surge production. If this were indeed the case, then the secretion of LHRH would be elevated during the LHRH surge in a nonpulsatile m ...
... two processes are conveyed along completely separate pathways; in this scenario, there are two populations of LHRH neurons, with each controlling only pulsatility or surge production. If this were indeed the case, then the secretion of LHRH would be elevated during the LHRH surge in a nonpulsatile m ...
Goodwin S.F., Taylor, B.J., Villella, A., Foss, M., Ryner, L. C., Baker, B. S., and Hall, J. C.
... the courtship sequence that are difficult to discern with the naked eye, were performed at 320 (see the legend to Table 1). For this, the flies were placed within the food-containing chambers of a plastic “courtship wheel” (cf. Villella et al. 1997); an individual homozygous frusat male (5–7 days po ...
... the courtship sequence that are difficult to discern with the naked eye, were performed at 320 (see the legend to Table 1). For this, the flies were placed within the food-containing chambers of a plastic “courtship wheel” (cf. Villella et al. 1997); an individual homozygous frusat male (5–7 days po ...
Chapter 33 Nervous System
... Neurons are specialized nerve cells that help you gather information about your environment, interpret the information, and react to it. Neurons consist of three main regions: the dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. ...
... Neurons are specialized nerve cells that help you gather information about your environment, interpret the information, and react to it. Neurons consist of three main regions: the dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. ...
Circadian Organization in Hemimetabolous Insects
... rhythm, the bilaterally paired clocks form a functional unit. They interact to produce a stable time structure within individual insects by exchanging photic and temporal information through neural pathways, in which serotonin and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) are involved as chemical messengers. ...
... rhythm, the bilaterally paired clocks form a functional unit. They interact to produce a stable time structure within individual insects by exchanging photic and temporal information through neural pathways, in which serotonin and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) are involved as chemical messengers. ...
Full Text - Anesth Pain Med
... explained by the convergence of trigeminal and cervical afferents on to neurons in the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). The TCC is a part of brainstem and includes the caudal part of trigeminal nucleus caudalis and the dorsal hors of C1-C2 segments of spinal cord (13). Migraine attacks are a manifes ...
... explained by the convergence of trigeminal and cervical afferents on to neurons in the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). The TCC is a part of brainstem and includes the caudal part of trigeminal nucleus caudalis and the dorsal hors of C1-C2 segments of spinal cord (13). Migraine attacks are a manifes ...
The Morphology of Physiologically Identified GABAergic Neurons in
... The types of somesthetic stimuli that were effective in driving the cells were difficult to define. For 20 of the cells, the most effective stimulus was a low frequency (less than 2 Hz) tapping of low to medium intensity applied to a body part. Elsewhere we have referred to this type of unit as a T2 ...
... The types of somesthetic stimuli that were effective in driving the cells were difficult to define. For 20 of the cells, the most effective stimulus was a low frequency (less than 2 Hz) tapping of low to medium intensity applied to a body part. Elsewhere we have referred to this type of unit as a T2 ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previously reported, these levels increase dramatically during the second week of neuronal maturation (Fig. 1D, 1E), reflecting synaptogenesis and functional connectivity during this period [12]. No significant differences were found between wild-type ...
... protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previously reported, these levels increase dramatically during the second week of neuronal maturation (Fig. 1D, 1E), reflecting synaptogenesis and functional connectivity during this period [12]. No significant differences were found between wild-type ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) play a critical role in the regulation of autonomic functions. Previous studies indicated that central activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has beneficial effects on homeostasis, most likely via modulation of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ - ...
... Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) play a critical role in the regulation of autonomic functions. Previous studies indicated that central activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has beneficial effects on homeostasis, most likely via modulation of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ - ...
Review International Journal of Integrative Biology Reticular
... reticular brainstem core is characterized foremost by loosely arranged small and medium-sized neurons. The main exception occurs in the central parts of the upper medulla and lower pons, where a significant number of large cells intermingle with small and medium sized cells. This region is referred ...
... reticular brainstem core is characterized foremost by loosely arranged small and medium-sized neurons. The main exception occurs in the central parts of the upper medulla and lower pons, where a significant number of large cells intermingle with small and medium sized cells. This region is referred ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... effects mediated by spinal ␣2 adrenoceptors that can be differentiated from cardiovascular effects, and such stimulation causes inhibition of nociceptive neurons in the deep dorsal horn (Byrum et al., 1984; Kingery et al., 1997; Willis and Westlund, 1997). We found that transection of the spinal cor ...
... effects mediated by spinal ␣2 adrenoceptors that can be differentiated from cardiovascular effects, and such stimulation causes inhibition of nociceptive neurons in the deep dorsal horn (Byrum et al., 1984; Kingery et al., 1997; Willis and Westlund, 1997). We found that transection of the spinal cor ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... spinal cord. Both in the normal and reeler mice, CST axons arrived at the pyramidal decussation and entered into the contralateral spinal cord around on postnatal day (P) 0.5, and descend in the ventral area of the contralateral dorsal funiculus at C2 level on P2, at C8 level on P3, at the mid-thora ...
... spinal cord. Both in the normal and reeler mice, CST axons arrived at the pyramidal decussation and entered into the contralateral spinal cord around on postnatal day (P) 0.5, and descend in the ventral area of the contralateral dorsal funiculus at C2 level on P2, at C8 level on P3, at the mid-thora ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... apparent pattern to reflect an underlying anatomical organization (p. 110)”; as another example, Karachi et al. (2004) mention: “In summary, the pallidosubthalamic projection appears to be topographically arranged, with the sensorimotor part of the STN occupying its dorsolateral half, and the limbic ...
... apparent pattern to reflect an underlying anatomical organization (p. 110)”; as another example, Karachi et al. (2004) mention: “In summary, the pallidosubthalamic projection appears to be topographically arranged, with the sensorimotor part of the STN occupying its dorsolateral half, and the limbic ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... the contribution. Indeed, there have been very few studies that have examined the activity of neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) during discrete voluntary movements (Gibson et al. 1998; although, for information in primates on the contribution of the mesencephalic reticular for ...
... the contribution. Indeed, there have been very few studies that have examined the activity of neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) during discrete voluntary movements (Gibson et al. 1998; although, for information in primates on the contribution of the mesencephalic reticular for ...
Peptides that regulate food intake: orexin gene expression is increased during states of hypertriglyceridemia
... anatomically distinct. This evidence suggests that the orexins, like galanin, are “fat-responsive” peptides that respond to circulating lipids. ...
... anatomically distinct. This evidence suggests that the orexins, like galanin, are “fat-responsive” peptides that respond to circulating lipids. ...
THALAMOAMYGDALOID CONNECTIONS STUDIED BY THE
... It is generally supposed that amygdalopetal connections of the thalamus originate mainly in the mediodorsal nucleus (10, 12). Only recently another system of thalamoamygdaloid connections has been shown which arises in neumns of the posterior thalamic region (6, 7, 15). Moreover, some investigations ...
... It is generally supposed that amygdalopetal connections of the thalamus originate mainly in the mediodorsal nucleus (10, 12). Only recently another system of thalamoamygdaloid connections has been shown which arises in neumns of the posterior thalamic region (6, 7, 15). Moreover, some investigations ...
Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... Neuroanatomical studies also established neural connectivity of the facial and vagal lobes within the brainstem (Finger, ...
... Neuroanatomical studies also established neural connectivity of the facial and vagal lobes within the brainstem (Finger, ...
Evidence of sympathetic ®bers in the male rat pelvic nerve
... LSC. It is therefore possible that postganglionic axons in the LSC cross over to the opposite side. In our study the number of retrogradely labeled neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and in the LSC was comparable. Extended lesion of the LSC or ventral rhizotomy (T12-S2) decreased by 25% t ...
... LSC. It is therefore possible that postganglionic axons in the LSC cross over to the opposite side. In our study the number of retrogradely labeled neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and in the LSC was comparable. Extended lesion of the LSC or ventral rhizotomy (T12-S2) decreased by 25% t ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... injections hit the ventral m o t o r nucleus of the vagus, and were restricted only to this nucleus, as was seen f r o m the D A B reacted sections. But, estimating the H R P deposit spots from sections treated with the more sensitive T M B method, it became apparent that the injection sites also in ...
... injections hit the ventral m o t o r nucleus of the vagus, and were restricted only to this nucleus, as was seen f r o m the D A B reacted sections. But, estimating the H R P deposit spots from sections treated with the more sensitive T M B method, it became apparent that the injection sites also in ...
SOM
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglia biology britannica com - neuroglia also called glial cell or glia any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons the term neuroglia means nerve glue, neuroglia function definition video lesson - your brain s support system to serve protect and support that almost s ...
... neuroglia biology britannica com - neuroglia also called glial cell or glia any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons the term neuroglia means nerve glue, neuroglia function definition video lesson - your brain s support system to serve protect and support that almost s ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
Article
... the duration of each cycle can change according to the circumstances [9]. In general, CPG networks consist of interconnected interneurons that generate motor patterns underlying rhythmic behaviors. Since interneurons and their neurites are densely packed in the central nervous system (CNS), it has b ...
... the duration of each cycle can change according to the circumstances [9]. In general, CPG networks consist of interconnected interneurons that generate motor patterns underlying rhythmic behaviors. Since interneurons and their neurites are densely packed in the central nervous system (CNS), it has b ...