Central pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP
... (Laburthe et al., 2007). Consistent with the wide distribution of PACAP and VIP, and also their receptors, throughout the central nervous system and periphery, PACAP and VIP exert multiple actions (Vaudry et al., 2009). On the peripheral cardiovascular system, PACAP and VIP are considered to have po ...
... (Laburthe et al., 2007). Consistent with the wide distribution of PACAP and VIP, and also their receptors, throughout the central nervous system and periphery, PACAP and VIP exert multiple actions (Vaudry et al., 2009). On the peripheral cardiovascular system, PACAP and VIP are considered to have po ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) acquire their distinct dendrite morphology 24,25, and discuss mechanisms that are likely to be of relevance to dendrite morphogenesis of neurons in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. ...
... larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) acquire their distinct dendrite morphology 24,25, and discuss mechanisms that are likely to be of relevance to dendrite morphogenesis of neurons in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... and sleep recovery and examining c-Fos expression as an indicator of cell activity, we found that across the BF and the adjacent preoptic area, more cells including cholinergie neurons were active during waking than during sleep and thus contribute to generating a waking state. On the other hand, th ...
... and sleep recovery and examining c-Fos expression as an indicator of cell activity, we found that across the BF and the adjacent preoptic area, more cells including cholinergie neurons were active during waking than during sleep and thus contribute to generating a waking state. On the other hand, th ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... is conserved due to suspended activity, movement, and sensory responses, and is redirected to restore and replenish proteins and their assemblies into cellular structures. During wakefulness, various energy-demanding activities lead to hunger. Thus, hunger promotes arousal, and subsequent feeding, f ...
... is conserved due to suspended activity, movement, and sensory responses, and is redirected to restore and replenish proteins and their assemblies into cellular structures. During wakefulness, various energy-demanding activities lead to hunger. Thus, hunger promotes arousal, and subsequent feeding, f ...
Effect of PACAP in Central and Peripheral Nerve Injuries
... animals are injured from 2 m with a 450 g weight and the skull fracture is prevented by cementing a small stainless-steel disc on the calvaria modeling impact acceleration head injury. Using this model, our light microscopic examination showed that the vehicle- and drug-treated animals subjected to ...
... animals are injured from 2 m with a 450 g weight and the skull fracture is prevented by cementing a small stainless-steel disc on the calvaria modeling impact acceleration head injury. Using this model, our light microscopic examination showed that the vehicle- and drug-treated animals subjected to ...
PDF
... sustained independently of neurotrophins and is downregulated by BDNF. With the acquisition of NGF dependence, p75 and trkA mRNA levels increase markedly in vivo. At this stage in vitro, the level of p75 mRNA is upregulated by NGF, but this response is lost at later stages. ...
... sustained independently of neurotrophins and is downregulated by BDNF. With the acquisition of NGF dependence, p75 and trkA mRNA levels increase markedly in vivo. At this stage in vitro, the level of p75 mRNA is upregulated by NGF, but this response is lost at later stages. ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) glial cell Correct. Glial cells serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. d) myelin sheath Incorrect. The myelin sheath does not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 46 a= 3 b= 1 c= 46 d= 51 r = .34 APA=1.1 20. The two types ...
... c) glial cell Correct. Glial cells serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. d) myelin sheath Incorrect. The myelin sheath does not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 46 a= 3 b= 1 c= 46 d= 51 r = .34 APA=1.1 20. The two types ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... oscillatory activity patterns triggered by sensory information can change the intrinsic circadian rhythms (for review, see Thut et al., 2012). Oscillatory activity patterns contribute to the sensory perception in brain. Sensory periphery input is detected and selected basing on single neuron intrins ...
... oscillatory activity patterns triggered by sensory information can change the intrinsic circadian rhythms (for review, see Thut et al., 2012). Oscillatory activity patterns contribute to the sensory perception in brain. Sensory periphery input is detected and selected basing on single neuron intrins ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
Seventeen
... The fibers of the tiny terminal nerve lie along the medial side of the olfactory irulb and olfactory tract. Bipolar neuronal cell bodies are present in small ganglia along the coutrse of the nerve. Their distal processes pass through the cribriform plate and are distributed to the nasal septum. In a ...
... The fibers of the tiny terminal nerve lie along the medial side of the olfactory irulb and olfactory tract. Bipolar neuronal cell bodies are present in small ganglia along the coutrse of the nerve. Their distal processes pass through the cribriform plate and are distributed to the nasal septum. In a ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector organs by muscarinic transmission, whereas nicotinic actions are seen characteristically at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and in autonomic ganglia; but ACh may act in both ways on the same cell, as in sympathetic ganglia. This classif ...
... In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector organs by muscarinic transmission, whereas nicotinic actions are seen characteristically at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and in autonomic ganglia; but ACh may act in both ways on the same cell, as in sympathetic ganglia. This classif ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... Herrel et al., 2001; Langenbach and Van Eijden, 2001; Wainwright, 2002; though see Smith 1994). It is hypothesized that one of the reasons for this conservation may be the fact that many neural networks are multifunctional, and therefore alterations to one neural element or circuit will have deleter ...
... Herrel et al., 2001; Langenbach and Van Eijden, 2001; Wainwright, 2002; though see Smith 1994). It is hypothesized that one of the reasons for this conservation may be the fact that many neural networks are multifunctional, and therefore alterations to one neural element or circuit will have deleter ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... (1:500) followed by streptavidin Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate (1:100). Sections were imaged on a Nikon Radiance 2100 confocal microscope. Sections without the primary antibody were used as a negative control. NGF and anti-NGF antibody intraventricular injection and tissue processing. A mixture was prep ...
... (1:500) followed by streptavidin Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate (1:100). Sections were imaged on a Nikon Radiance 2100 confocal microscope. Sections without the primary antibody were used as a negative control. NGF and anti-NGF antibody intraventricular injection and tissue processing. A mixture was prep ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... nucleus X by Giovanelli Barilari and Kuypers (1969) or ventral motor nucleus by Matsushita and Ueyama (1973). Only recently (Baulac and Meininger, 1981; Haase and Hrycyshyn,1985 and Theriault and Diamond, 1988b in the rat; Krogh and Towns, 1984 in the dog; Holstege et al., 1987 in the cat) this cell ...
... nucleus X by Giovanelli Barilari and Kuypers (1969) or ventral motor nucleus by Matsushita and Ueyama (1973). Only recently (Baulac and Meininger, 1981; Haase and Hrycyshyn,1985 and Theriault and Diamond, 1988b in the rat; Krogh and Towns, 1984 in the dog; Holstege et al., 1987 in the cat) this cell ...
View: Chapter Text (PDF with new
... cerebellar peduncle, located at the dorsolateral margin of the medulla oblongata (Fig. 18–10=9). The dorsal spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the caudal half of the body. The fourth ventricle is located in the medulla oblongata and pons. Caudally, the region where the fou ...
... cerebellar peduncle, located at the dorsolateral margin of the medulla oblongata (Fig. 18–10=9). The dorsal spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the caudal half of the body. The fourth ventricle is located in the medulla oblongata and pons. Caudally, the region where the fou ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... synaptic levels of dopamine will prevail in the NAS in a behavioral context of an animal self-administering cocaine. On anatomical and physiological grounds, the NAS has been hypothesized to exert a “filtering” or “gating” function on its limbic afferents, and to initiate or modulate goal-directed b ...
... synaptic levels of dopamine will prevail in the NAS in a behavioral context of an animal self-administering cocaine. On anatomical and physiological grounds, the NAS has been hypothesized to exert a “filtering” or “gating” function on its limbic afferents, and to initiate or modulate goal-directed b ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... From both classical and recent investigations, there is now little doubt that the posterior hypothalamus plays a key role in the maintenance of cortical activation and wakefulness (W). Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions wi ...
... From both classical and recent investigations, there is now little doubt that the posterior hypothalamus plays a key role in the maintenance of cortical activation and wakefulness (W). Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions wi ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... (Ferrera et al. 1999; Sato and Schall 2003; Tehovnik et al. 2000) rather than feature sensitivity. Central to this line of research has been the idea that FEF is of major importance in transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investiga ...
... (Ferrera et al. 1999; Sato and Schall 2003; Tehovnik et al. 2000) rather than feature sensitivity. Central to this line of research has been the idea that FEF is of major importance in transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investiga ...
Fig. 1
... In central nervous system, Hsp90 is widely expressed in all regions at the latest stages of gestation and postnatal development. In the adult mammalian nervous system and at all stages of postnatal development, the Hsp90 constitutively expressed is preferentially localized on neurons [12,13,17–19]. ...
... In central nervous system, Hsp90 is widely expressed in all regions at the latest stages of gestation and postnatal development. In the adult mammalian nervous system and at all stages of postnatal development, the Hsp90 constitutively expressed is preferentially localized on neurons [12,13,17–19]. ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... peripheral domain on the side of the growth cone opposite the direction of turning. In theory, kinesin-5 could elicit these effects by acting on the microtubules within the peripheral domain itself, by acting on microtubules in the central domain, or in the transition zone between these two domains. ...
... peripheral domain on the side of the growth cone opposite the direction of turning. In theory, kinesin-5 could elicit these effects by acting on the microtubules within the peripheral domain itself, by acting on microtubules in the central domain, or in the transition zone between these two domains. ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... Vanilloid type 1 TRP channel (TRPV1) [47,48]. TRPV1 is highly expressed in small diameter primary afferent fibers [49]. It is a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli, such as heat and low pH, and can also be activated by the pungent ingredient of hot chilli peppers, capsaicin [50]. In primary sens ...
... Vanilloid type 1 TRP channel (TRPV1) [47,48]. TRPV1 is highly expressed in small diameter primary afferent fibers [49]. It is a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli, such as heat and low pH, and can also be activated by the pungent ingredient of hot chilli peppers, capsaicin [50]. In primary sens ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse on dopamine neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell, whereas lateral habenula neurons synapse primarily on dopamine neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex as well as on GABAergic (c-aminobutyric-acid-co ...
... respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse on dopamine neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell, whereas lateral habenula neurons synapse primarily on dopamine neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex as well as on GABAergic (c-aminobutyric-acid-co ...