A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... Here we provide a nomenclature system for the adult insect brain using that of Drosophila melanogaster as a framework. The nomenclature system is based on discussions amongst the Insect Brain Name Working Group, a team of invertebrate neurobiologists working towards this end point since 2007. This e ...
... Here we provide a nomenclature system for the adult insect brain using that of Drosophila melanogaster as a framework. The nomenclature system is based on discussions amongst the Insect Brain Name Working Group, a team of invertebrate neurobiologists working towards this end point since 2007. This e ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... homozygous mutant mice by either northern blotting or RTPCR (Fig. 1C and data not shown), confirming correct targeting of the Hrk gene. Hrk–/– homozygotes were born at the expected Mendelian frequency from heterozygote intercross matings (Hrk+/+ 45, Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertilit ...
... homozygous mutant mice by either northern blotting or RTPCR (Fig. 1C and data not shown), confirming correct targeting of the Hrk gene. Hrk–/– homozygotes were born at the expected Mendelian frequency from heterozygote intercross matings (Hrk+/+ 45, Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertilit ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... dendrite can be found in the vomeronasal epithelium. In both the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia, sustentacular cells terminate in short processes; the vomeronasal epithelium contains a second class of supporting cells with a large surface that is covered with highly active, motile cilia. These ...
... dendrite can be found in the vomeronasal epithelium. In both the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia, sustentacular cells terminate in short processes; the vomeronasal epithelium contains a second class of supporting cells with a large surface that is covered with highly active, motile cilia. These ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscillations tend to synchronize all neurons in the circuit. ...
... 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscillations tend to synchronize all neurons in the circuit. ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... modulation of motivation and emotion (Figure 1). Specifically, orexin neuronal projections are particularly abundant in brain structures such as the mPFC, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, AMY, locus coeruleus, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocall ...
... modulation of motivation and emotion (Figure 1). Specifically, orexin neuronal projections are particularly abundant in brain structures such as the mPFC, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, AMY, locus coeruleus, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocall ...
Contents
... town Vilnius, then part of Poland, to work in the University Neurology Clinic. As the tides of war changed, Olszewski was forced to work ‘underground’ in a civilian army hospital, where he was relatively safe from enemy search parties. Firm ties between the Polish neurological community at Vilnius a ...
... town Vilnius, then part of Poland, to work in the University Neurology Clinic. As the tides of war changed, Olszewski was forced to work ‘underground’ in a civilian army hospital, where he was relatively safe from enemy search parties. Firm ties between the Polish neurological community at Vilnius a ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... the activity of many neurons was linearly correlated with the reward probability indicated by the CSs. ...
... the activity of many neurons was linearly correlated with the reward probability indicated by the CSs. ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... Sawyer in the middle of the last century demonstrating that ovulation in rats could be delayed for 24 h by general anaesthesia if this was timed appropriately relative to the day ⁄ night cycle (20). These observations lead to idea that the CNS generates a daily signal that initiates the ovulatory pr ...
... Sawyer in the middle of the last century demonstrating that ovulation in rats could be delayed for 24 h by general anaesthesia if this was timed appropriately relative to the day ⁄ night cycle (20). These observations lead to idea that the CNS generates a daily signal that initiates the ovulatory pr ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... hippocampus-dependent trace EBC task occluded the PKAmediated AHP reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the learning-related AHP reduction in CA1 neurons was again demonstrated ex vivo. This reproducible AHP reduction in CA1 neurons after hippocampus-dependent learning establishes it as ...
... hippocampus-dependent trace EBC task occluded the PKAmediated AHP reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the learning-related AHP reduction in CA1 neurons was again demonstrated ex vivo. This reproducible AHP reduction in CA1 neurons after hippocampus-dependent learning establishes it as ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... of REM sleep has not been confirmed in in vitro slice preparations of the rodent brainstem (10). For example, ACh has been shown to hyperpolarize cell membranes in slice preparations of the rodent parabrachial nucleus (15), LDT (16), and PPT (10). Similarly, those LDT-PPT neurons with burst discharg ...
... of REM sleep has not been confirmed in in vitro slice preparations of the rodent brainstem (10). For example, ACh has been shown to hyperpolarize cell membranes in slice preparations of the rodent parabrachial nucleus (15), LDT (16), and PPT (10). Similarly, those LDT-PPT neurons with burst discharg ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) under native neuronal stimulation. FSCV has been used to qualitatively measure release of catecholamine species from isolated bovine chromaffin cells (Pihel et al. 1994) and for the detection of bulk catecholamine release from mouse adrenal slices (Walsh et al. 2011). H ...
... (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) under native neuronal stimulation. FSCV has been used to qualitatively measure release of catecholamine species from isolated bovine chromaffin cells (Pihel et al. 1994) and for the detection of bulk catecholamine release from mouse adrenal slices (Walsh et al. 2011). H ...
Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... (Harrison, 1914) yet surprisingly little is known about the cellular events of contact sensing and their transduction into directional growth, especially in neuronal growth cones. The aim of the present study was to describe the directional effects of substratum contours on the morphology of develop ...
... (Harrison, 1914) yet surprisingly little is known about the cellular events of contact sensing and their transduction into directional growth, especially in neuronal growth cones. The aim of the present study was to describe the directional effects of substratum contours on the morphology of develop ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... et al., 1998; Angelucci and Bullier, 2003; Lorenceau, 2003; Chisum and Fitzpatrick, 2004). In fact, only a small portion of excitatory synapses (⬍5%) on V1 neurons is from lateral geniculate nucleus, the principal relay between the eye and the visual cortex (e.g. Peters and Payne, 1993). Consequentl ...
... et al., 1998; Angelucci and Bullier, 2003; Lorenceau, 2003; Chisum and Fitzpatrick, 2004). In fact, only a small portion of excitatory synapses (⬍5%) on V1 neurons is from lateral geniculate nucleus, the principal relay between the eye and the visual cortex (e.g. Peters and Payne, 1993). Consequentl ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... increase of regional blood flow in the putamen and globus pallidus in the process of learning sequential finger movements. Matsumoto et al. (1994) showed that there is a selective impairment of learning arm movement sequences after destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system by local infusion of dopa ...
... increase of regional blood flow in the putamen and globus pallidus in the process of learning sequential finger movements. Matsumoto et al. (1994) showed that there is a selective impairment of learning arm movement sequences after destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system by local infusion of dopa ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... or integration are comparatively rare. Furthermore, when neurons receiving auditory and somatosensory inputs have been reported, they showed the lowest incidence among the different patterns of multisensory convergence (Meredith and Stein, 1986; Wallace et al., 1992, 1993; Jiang et al., 1994a,b). Al ...
... or integration are comparatively rare. Furthermore, when neurons receiving auditory and somatosensory inputs have been reported, they showed the lowest incidence among the different patterns of multisensory convergence (Meredith and Stein, 1986; Wallace et al., 1992, 1993; Jiang et al., 1994a,b). Al ...
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
... It has been demonstrated that bismuth can penetrate the blood barrier (4, 5, 12, 14, 15, 18), and bismuth has been shown to cause selective degeneration of CA1 neurons in hippocampal brain slices (11). Although some of the patients analyzed in the present study had ingested high doses of bismuth for ...
... It has been demonstrated that bismuth can penetrate the blood barrier (4, 5, 12, 14, 15, 18), and bismuth has been shown to cause selective degeneration of CA1 neurons in hippocampal brain slices (11). Although some of the patients analyzed in the present study had ingested high doses of bismuth for ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
Test #2
... you must stop into my office sometime while I am there during the first two weeks of next term. Exams may not be taken out of my office. All exams will be shredded on the first day of week 3 of spring term. Section 1: Pictures. Please note the following ground rules concerning this section of the ex ...
... you must stop into my office sometime while I am there during the first two weeks of next term. Exams may not be taken out of my office. All exams will be shredded on the first day of week 3 of spring term. Section 1: Pictures. Please note the following ground rules concerning this section of the ex ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e
... B) form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons C) transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system D) connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways E) detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints Answer: ...
... B) form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons C) transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system D) connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways E) detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints Answer: ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... these concepts and expanding the range of domains of reward and motivation processed by ventral striatum from variables such as food [5] and sex [6,7] to financial [8] and social [9] domains. However, while results such as these may provide additional insight into the types of variables treated by t ...
... these concepts and expanding the range of domains of reward and motivation processed by ventral striatum from variables such as food [5] and sex [6,7] to financial [8] and social [9] domains. However, while results such as these may provide additional insight into the types of variables treated by t ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... displays the individual ionic currents (bottom) during spontaneous activity of the model. Rhythmic spontaneous activities of the model are driven largely by INa. The fast upstroke of the action potential in the model is driven by INa (Fig. 1C) (Do and Bean 2003). After activation of INa, IK activate ...
... displays the individual ionic currents (bottom) during spontaneous activity of the model. Rhythmic spontaneous activities of the model are driven largely by INa. The fast upstroke of the action potential in the model is driven by INa (Fig. 1C) (Do and Bean 2003). After activation of INa, IK activate ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... some neuronal cell bodies, fibers and synapses (SFGS, SGC), while the innermost layer (SPV) is composed of densely packed neuronal cell bodies. Some 15 morphologically distinct neuron types have been described in goldfish, a few of which are illustrated in Fig. 2. In elasmobranch fishes, the tectum ...
... some neuronal cell bodies, fibers and synapses (SFGS, SGC), while the innermost layer (SPV) is composed of densely packed neuronal cell bodies. Some 15 morphologically distinct neuron types have been described in goldfish, a few of which are illustrated in Fig. 2. In elasmobranch fishes, the tectum ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... weeks; whereas, extraocular motor neurons, that are essentially resistant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, remained preserved even at the age of 100 weeks. Additionally, ultra structural analysis revealed autolysosomes and autophagosomes in the cell bodies and axons of motor neurons of the 100-week ...
... weeks; whereas, extraocular motor neurons, that are essentially resistant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, remained preserved even at the age of 100 weeks. Additionally, ultra structural analysis revealed autolysosomes and autophagosomes in the cell bodies and axons of motor neurons of the 100-week ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... Feeding behavior is dependent upon the integration of metabolic, autonomic, endocrine, and environmental factors coordinated with an appropriate state of cortical arousal (wakefulness). Historically, the hypothalamus has been recognized to play a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis by in ...
... Feeding behavior is dependent upon the integration of metabolic, autonomic, endocrine, and environmental factors coordinated with an appropriate state of cortical arousal (wakefulness). Historically, the hypothalamus has been recognized to play a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis by in ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... neuron migration; however, these unmigrated neurons survive to innervate their appropriate targets in the second branchial arch (McClintock et al., 2002). Loss-of-function of mouse Hoxa2 results in aberrant pathfinding of the trigeminal motor nerve out of the hindbrain (Gavalas et al., 1997). All of ...
... neuron migration; however, these unmigrated neurons survive to innervate their appropriate targets in the second branchial arch (McClintock et al., 2002). Loss-of-function of mouse Hoxa2 results in aberrant pathfinding of the trigeminal motor nerve out of the hindbrain (Gavalas et al., 1997). All of ...