Chapter 3 Two parts of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi project to two
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures in which GSK-3 activity was inhibited (Jiang et al., 2005; Yoshimura et al., 2005), consistent with the idea that global elimination of GSK-3 activity enhances axon growth. Thus, from the published work to date, ...
... studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures in which GSK-3 activity was inhibited (Jiang et al., 2005; Yoshimura et al., 2005), consistent with the idea that global elimination of GSK-3 activity enhances axon growth. Thus, from the published work to date, ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... encounter distinct types of inhibitory interneurons (e.g., Barbas et al., 2005b; Germuska et al., 2006). Moreover, laminar-specific connections can be used to infer the flow of information by analogy with sensory cortices. Feedforward projections originate from neurons in layers 2–3 of earlier-proce ...
... encounter distinct types of inhibitory interneurons (e.g., Barbas et al., 2005b; Germuska et al., 2006). Moreover, laminar-specific connections can be used to infer the flow of information by analogy with sensory cortices. Feedforward projections originate from neurons in layers 2–3 of earlier-proce ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... We investigate these two cortical microcircuit templates with regard to structural and functional properties. In order to evaluate the computational properties of microcircuit templates we carried out computer simulations of detailed cortical microcircuit models consisting of 560 Hodgkin–Huxley type ...
... We investigate these two cortical microcircuit templates with regard to structural and functional properties. In order to evaluate the computational properties of microcircuit templates we carried out computer simulations of detailed cortical microcircuit models consisting of 560 Hodgkin–Huxley type ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... ChAT-expressing cholinergic neurons in the septal region were determined in an unbiased manner using the optical dissector method in combination with the C avalieri method for estimating reference volume (West and Gundersen, 1990). The first section in each series was chosen randomly followed by eve ...
... ChAT-expressing cholinergic neurons in the septal region were determined in an unbiased manner using the optical dissector method in combination with the C avalieri method for estimating reference volume (West and Gundersen, 1990). The first section in each series was chosen randomly followed by eve ...
Serum kisspeptin levels across different phases of the menstrual
... ovulatory surge of GnRH/luteinising hormone (LH) and basal, pulsatile GnRH/LH release.3,4 Within the hypothalamus, GnRH neurons are situated very close to the kisspeptin neurons and they express kisspeptin receptor as well.5,6 Kisspeptin is believed to mediate gonadal steroid feedback to the hypotha ...
... ovulatory surge of GnRH/luteinising hormone (LH) and basal, pulsatile GnRH/LH release.3,4 Within the hypothalamus, GnRH neurons are situated very close to the kisspeptin neurons and they express kisspeptin receptor as well.5,6 Kisspeptin is believed to mediate gonadal steroid feedback to the hypotha ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
Fein A (2012) Nociceptors and the Perception of Pain.
... following application of the voltage pulse, the conduction velocity can easily be calculated. Many of the afferent (sensory) neurons isolated in this way respond to lowintensity mechanical or thermal stimulation, that is, stimuli that in individuals evoke an innocuous or non-painful sensation. In ad ...
... following application of the voltage pulse, the conduction velocity can easily be calculated. Many of the afferent (sensory) neurons isolated in this way respond to lowintensity mechanical or thermal stimulation, that is, stimuli that in individuals evoke an innocuous or non-painful sensation. In ad ...
Neural Networks
... section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that implements a framework for well as some examples. neural networks in a speedy, feature-rich and usable way. It is available at n ...
... section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that implements a framework for well as some examples. neural networks in a speedy, feature-rich and usable way. It is available at n ...
Neural Networks
... section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that implements a framework for well as some examples. neural networks in a speedy, feature-rich and usable way. It is available at n ...
... section "Getting started with Snipe" – you will find an easy step-by-step guide conSNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA li- cerning Snipe and its documentation, as brary that implements a framework for well as some examples. neural networks in a speedy, feature-rich and usable way. It is available at n ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant path (PP) for placemen ...
... To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant path (PP) for placemen ...
neuroanatomy - University of Toledo
... This selection of the art of Dr. Frank H. Netter on neuroanatomy and neurophysiology is drawn from the Atlas of Human Anatomy and Netter’s Atlas of Human Physiology. Viewing these pictures again prompts reflection on Dr. Netter’s work and his roles as physician and artist. Frank H. Netter was born i ...
... This selection of the art of Dr. Frank H. Netter on neuroanatomy and neurophysiology is drawn from the Atlas of Human Anatomy and Netter’s Atlas of Human Physiology. Viewing these pictures again prompts reflection on Dr. Netter’s work and his roles as physician and artist. Frank H. Netter was born i ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... indicate that the subcoeruleus neurons may form the ‘REM generator’ in the brainstem. The subcoeruleus has been the focus of many other sleep researchers investigating REM sleep mechanisms, although a variety of names such as peri-locus coeruleus alpha, peribrachial region and pontine inhibitory reg ...
... indicate that the subcoeruleus neurons may form the ‘REM generator’ in the brainstem. The subcoeruleus has been the focus of many other sleep researchers investigating REM sleep mechanisms, although a variety of names such as peri-locus coeruleus alpha, peribrachial region and pontine inhibitory reg ...
FREE Sample Here
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
FREE Sample Here
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
mastering-the-world-of-psychology-4th-edition-wood
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Ki ...
... rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Ki ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Ki ...
... rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Ki ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... neuronal networks for implementing cognitive processes. First, we characterized the coding properties of spike trains recorded from the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii ...
... neuronal networks for implementing cognitive processes. First, we characterized the coding properties of spike trains recorded from the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... collaterals which arise from thin parent branches in Lissauer’s tract. In view of these thin parent branches, most ultrafine primary axons are considered to be unmyelinated (C) primary axons. The second kind of primary axon generates large caliber endings on branched collaterals. These arise from re ...
... collaterals which arise from thin parent branches in Lissauer’s tract. In view of these thin parent branches, most ultrafine primary axons are considered to be unmyelinated (C) primary axons. The second kind of primary axon generates large caliber endings on branched collaterals. These arise from re ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... the same scenario, if the olfactory sensory receptors were kept constantly busy with all these dense odors, they may then be unable to detect any real dangers, like a gas leak. “Since the major olfactory problem of an animal in a rich olfactory environment is to identify odor objects, it would be de ...
... the same scenario, if the olfactory sensory receptors were kept constantly busy with all these dense odors, they may then be unable to detect any real dangers, like a gas leak. “Since the major olfactory problem of an animal in a rich olfactory environment is to identify odor objects, it would be de ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... Regarding the TRPs, although they are expressed by neurons, there is so far no evidence for their involvement in Ca2+ homeostasis in these cells. Therefore, in neurons, Ca2+ exit from the ER occurs mainly through the inositol 3-phosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and the Ca2+ activated RyR, both forming lar ...
... Regarding the TRPs, although they are expressed by neurons, there is so far no evidence for their involvement in Ca2+ homeostasis in these cells. Therefore, in neurons, Ca2+ exit from the ER occurs mainly through the inositol 3-phosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and the Ca2+ activated RyR, both forming lar ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System
... acid transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the SCN core (light blue), GABA is commonly colocalized with one or more neuropeptides, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), whereas neurons of the SCN shell (darker blue) frequently contain GABA co ...
... acid transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the SCN core (light blue), GABA is commonly colocalized with one or more neuropeptides, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), whereas neurons of the SCN shell (darker blue) frequently contain GABA co ...
PDF
... Experiments on the pretreatment of sensory ganglia in vitro Sensory ganglia were dissected from 8-day-old chick embryos and incubated in rings (0-5 x2-3 cm) containing either 1 ml of control medium (C) (medium 199:chicken serum:buffered saline; 2:1:1, v/v) or 1 ml of medium containing NGF (N) (as C ...
... Experiments on the pretreatment of sensory ganglia in vitro Sensory ganglia were dissected from 8-day-old chick embryos and incubated in rings (0-5 x2-3 cm) containing either 1 ml of control medium (C) (medium 199:chicken serum:buffered saline; 2:1:1, v/v) or 1 ml of medium containing NGF (N) (as C ...