Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... (right). Colors are shown only for voxels where the data are well fit by a population receptive field model, as explained below. The solid black lines and labels indicate the positions of ten visual ...
... (right). Colors are shown only for voxels where the data are well fit by a population receptive field model, as explained below. The solid black lines and labels indicate the positions of ten visual ...
The Scientific Foundations of Applied Kinesiology
... Somatic stimuli influence visceral function. The neurophysiology of somato-visceral reflexes conform to the model that somatic stimuli influence visceral function. 20 Stimulation of cutaneous and subcutaneous afferents has shown somato-visceral effects. 21 Mechanoreceptors and cutaneoreceptors cause ...
... Somatic stimuli influence visceral function. The neurophysiology of somato-visceral reflexes conform to the model that somatic stimuli influence visceral function. 20 Stimulation of cutaneous and subcutaneous afferents has shown somato-visceral effects. 21 Mechanoreceptors and cutaneoreceptors cause ...
Neuroscience Newsletter, May 2015 - MSc/PhD/MD
... synthesized material added during myelination? How does the myelin sheath reach such an organized state of compaction? Is there a way for the material to go through the compacted myelin to ensure the growth and the axo-glia communication? ...
... synthesized material added during myelination? How does the myelin sheath reach such an organized state of compaction? Is there a way for the material to go through the compacted myelin to ensure the growth and the axo-glia communication? ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
PAX: A mixed hardware/software simulation platform for
... dynamics of ionic channels. This type of model is necessary to emulate the dynamics of individual neurons within a network. Conductance-based models reduced to 2 dimensions are also very popular, as they can be entirely characterized using phase plane analysis. The well-known FitzHugh-Nagumo (FN) (F ...
... dynamics of ionic channels. This type of model is necessary to emulate the dynamics of individual neurons within a network. Conductance-based models reduced to 2 dimensions are also very popular, as they can be entirely characterized using phase plane analysis. The well-known FitzHugh-Nagumo (FN) (F ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... (defined by the local dipole strength and the percentage of neuronal elements contributing) and the spatial extent (area) of polarization due to neural synchronization, particularly for the healthy human brain. The relation of intracortical activity to surface-recorded EEG is far from simple. The su ...
... (defined by the local dipole strength and the percentage of neuronal elements contributing) and the spatial extent (area) of polarization due to neural synchronization, particularly for the healthy human brain. The relation of intracortical activity to surface-recorded EEG is far from simple. The su ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... are critical to CRC nor that these neurons are the only central respiratory chemoreceptors. Such proof would require demonstrating that their selective destruction eliminates or, at least, attenuates the response of the respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesi ...
... are critical to CRC nor that these neurons are the only central respiratory chemoreceptors. Such proof would require demonstrating that their selective destruction eliminates or, at least, attenuates the response of the respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesi ...
Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-A Function and Binding in
... A role for GABA has been strongly implicated in hypertension. Administration of GABA agonists intraventricularly causes a greater fall in blood pressure in hypertensive animals.21,22,30 Muscimol microinjection into the dorsomedial hypothalamus causes an augmented fall in blood pressure in spontaneou ...
... A role for GABA has been strongly implicated in hypertension. Administration of GABA agonists intraventricularly causes a greater fall in blood pressure in hypertensive animals.21,22,30 Muscimol microinjection into the dorsomedial hypothalamus causes an augmented fall in blood pressure in spontaneou ...
Demonstration of Local Protein Synthesis within
... whereas labeling was affected only minimally by chloramphenicol. The puromycin-sensitive incorporation of 3H-leutine in dendrites demonstrates that the polyribosomes previously described are active in protein synthesis. This system will allow a characterization of synthetic activity within isolated ...
... whereas labeling was affected only minimally by chloramphenicol. The puromycin-sensitive incorporation of 3H-leutine in dendrites demonstrates that the polyribosomes previously described are active in protein synthesis. This system will allow a characterization of synthetic activity within isolated ...
Learning receptive fields using predictive feedback
... and the next neuron is chosen by again determining which of the remaining V1 basis vectors best predicts this residual input. In a neural network, the subtractive process is carried out using feedback connections, so that at each iteration of the algorithm the residual input is described by the acti ...
... and the next neuron is chosen by again determining which of the remaining V1 basis vectors best predicts this residual input. In a neural network, the subtractive process is carried out using feedback connections, so that at each iteration of the algorithm the residual input is described by the acti ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... 1.1 The sympathetic division The sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons are located in the intermediolateral nucleus of the lateral grey column of the spinal cord, spanning from the 1st thoracic to the 3rd lumbar level. Their myelinated axons exit the spinal cord from the ventral root and enter the spi ...
... 1.1 The sympathetic division The sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons are located in the intermediolateral nucleus of the lateral grey column of the spinal cord, spanning from the 1st thoracic to the 3rd lumbar level. Their myelinated axons exit the spinal cord from the ventral root and enter the spi ...
practical schedule
... all components such as latency, threshold (firing level), spike overshoot, after depolarization and after hyperpolarization. b- Account the above changes in excitability in terms of conductance changes of Na+ (gNa) and K+ (gK+). c- Correlate the conductance changes with opening (activation) or closi ...
... all components such as latency, threshold (firing level), spike overshoot, after depolarization and after hyperpolarization. b- Account the above changes in excitability in terms of conductance changes of Na+ (gNa) and K+ (gK+). c- Correlate the conductance changes with opening (activation) or closi ...
Pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of
... otherwise noted (Fig. 1). The SEG contained three groups of immunoreactive neurons that putatively correspond to the mandibular, maxillary, and labial neuromeres (Fig. 2a). All three neuromeres contained about 6 neurons each in most preparations. In most preparations the neurons of the mandibular an ...
... otherwise noted (Fig. 1). The SEG contained three groups of immunoreactive neurons that putatively correspond to the mandibular, maxillary, and labial neuromeres (Fig. 2a). All three neuromeres contained about 6 neurons each in most preparations. In most preparations the neurons of the mandibular an ...
Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
... • Similar to the hair cells found in the cochlea; method of transduction is also similar to hair cells of the cochlea. ...
... • Similar to the hair cells found in the cochlea; method of transduction is also similar to hair cells of the cochlea. ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... Figure 1. Identification of a Drosophila Neurotrophin (A) Bioinformatic searches used to identify DNT1. (B) Sequence-structure alignment of the Cysknot domains of DNT1 and representative neurotrophins: Arrows: b-strands; spirals: a-helices; identical residues are shown in white over red (6 Cys and G ...
... Figure 1. Identification of a Drosophila Neurotrophin (A) Bioinformatic searches used to identify DNT1. (B) Sequence-structure alignment of the Cysknot domains of DNT1 and representative neurotrophins: Arrows: b-strands; spirals: a-helices; identical residues are shown in white over red (6 Cys and G ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Definition—self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron membrane (also called action potential) Mechanism ...
... Definition—self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron membrane (also called action potential) Mechanism ...
Biological Cybernetics
... 3 do not fire. It follows that a non-firing neuron conveys as much information as a firing one. From these considerations depth perception with large receptive fields seems to be possible. In the Simulander II model, information about the distance of a prey as evaluated by binocular neurons is trans ...
... 3 do not fire. It follows that a non-firing neuron conveys as much information as a firing one. From these considerations depth perception with large receptive fields seems to be possible. In the Simulander II model, information about the distance of a prey as evaluated by binocular neurons is trans ...
Chapter 17
... e. All of these statements describe the secretion of substances by the kidneys. ___ 41. Which statement about penicillin is false? a. Penicillin is an antibiotic first used during World War II. b. Penicillin can be administered in low doses because it is actively reabsorbed. c. Penicillin is secrete ...
... e. All of these statements describe the secretion of substances by the kidneys. ___ 41. Which statement about penicillin is false? a. Penicillin is an antibiotic first used during World War II. b. Penicillin can be administered in low doses because it is actively reabsorbed. c. Penicillin is secrete ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... Treatment of Hb9:GFP larvae with 5 and 10 mM MTZ did not result in any cell loss, indicating that MTZ alone was not toxic to motor neurons (data not shown). mCherry fluorescence was also reduced in the heart (Fig. S6), suggesting ablation of heart tissue and blood flow in ventral and ...
... Treatment of Hb9:GFP larvae with 5 and 10 mM MTZ did not result in any cell loss, indicating that MTZ alone was not toxic to motor neurons (data not shown). mCherry fluorescence was also reduced in the heart (Fig. S6), suggesting ablation of heart tissue and blood flow in ventral and ...
B. True or False/Edit
... e. None of these statements regarding ADH is correct. ___ 28. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) a. is synthesized by neurons of the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland. b. binds to receptors on the collecting ducts cells and activates a cAMP second messenger system. c. is released ...
... e. None of these statements regarding ADH is correct. ___ 28. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) a. is synthesized by neurons of the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland. b. binds to receptors on the collecting ducts cells and activates a cAMP second messenger system. c. is released ...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2008, Article ID 658323, pages
... cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input [5–8]. Pyramidal neurons in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show persistent spiking that tends to turn on and off over periods of many seconds [5 ...
... cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input [5–8]. Pyramidal neurons in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show persistent spiking that tends to turn on and off over periods of many seconds [5 ...
Biomechanics Models Motor Cortex Using Spinal Cord and Limb
... 14, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01064.2006. What determines the specific pattern of activation of primary motor cortex (M1) neurons in the context of a given motor task? We present a systems level physiological model describing the transformation from the neural activity in M1, through the muscle control s ...
... 14, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01064.2006. What determines the specific pattern of activation of primary motor cortex (M1) neurons in the context of a given motor task? We present a systems level physiological model describing the transformation from the neural activity in M1, through the muscle control s ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... Neurons in the hippocampus and the adjacent regions exhibit a broad variety of spatial activation patterns that are tuned to position, head direction or both. Common observations in these spatial dimensions are localized, bell shaped tuning curves [1, 2], periodically repeating activity [3, 4] and ...
... Neurons in the hippocampus and the adjacent regions exhibit a broad variety of spatial activation patterns that are tuned to position, head direction or both. Common observations in these spatial dimensions are localized, bell shaped tuning curves [1, 2], periodically repeating activity [3, 4] and ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.