J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... Neurophysiological studies have succeeded in correlating the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are intere ...
... Neurophysiological studies have succeeded in correlating the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are intere ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... In both the AVPV and arcuate nucleus, KiSS-1 is regulated by sex steroids (83– 85). Estrogen and androgen receptors (ER␣ and AR, respectively) are found in a high percentage of KiSS-1-expressing neurons, and estradiol and testosterone increase KiSS-1 expression in the AVPV and decrease KiSS-1 expres ...
... In both the AVPV and arcuate nucleus, KiSS-1 is regulated by sex steroids (83– 85). Estrogen and androgen receptors (ER␣ and AR, respectively) are found in a high percentage of KiSS-1-expressing neurons, and estradiol and testosterone increase KiSS-1 expression in the AVPV and decrease KiSS-1 expres ...
The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog
... directly involved in aspects of complex memory [1]. We were initially interested in a simple question: Are the electrophysiological properties of the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, which were thought to be the key hippocampal cells involved in memory storage, fundamentally different from other ...
... directly involved in aspects of complex memory [1]. We were initially interested in a simple question: Are the electrophysiological properties of the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, which were thought to be the key hippocampal cells involved in memory storage, fundamentally different from other ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... However, cell classes cannot be determined only from their laminar positions. For example, in layer 5, even adjacent pyramidal neurons project to different target areas, and have distinct dendritic morphology and electrophysiological properties (O’Leary et al., 1990; Kasper et al., 1994; Lewis and O ...
... However, cell classes cannot be determined only from their laminar positions. For example, in layer 5, even adjacent pyramidal neurons project to different target areas, and have distinct dendritic morphology and electrophysiological properties (O’Leary et al., 1990; Kasper et al., 1994; Lewis and O ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
phys chapter 56 [10-19
... directly to agonist muscle to begin initial contraction; at same time, parallel signals sent via pontile mossy fibers into cerebellum One branch of each mossy fiber goes directly to deep nuclear cells in deep cerebellar nuclei Instantly sends excitatory signal back into cerebral corticospinal mo ...
... directly to agonist muscle to begin initial contraction; at same time, parallel signals sent via pontile mossy fibers into cerebellum One branch of each mossy fiber goes directly to deep nuclear cells in deep cerebellar nuclei Instantly sends excitatory signal back into cerebral corticospinal mo ...
Morphology of GABAergic Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat
... For preembedding immunocytochemistry, 50-100-pmthick tissue slices were placed in 5% normal goat serum in phosphate buffer (1 hour) and then incubated overnight with affinity-purified GABA antiserum diluted 1:1,000-1: 16,000in buffer (Wenthold et al., '86). Binding of the GABA antibodies was detecte ...
... For preembedding immunocytochemistry, 50-100-pmthick tissue slices were placed in 5% normal goat serum in phosphate buffer (1 hour) and then incubated overnight with affinity-purified GABA antiserum diluted 1:1,000-1: 16,000in buffer (Wenthold et al., '86). Binding of the GABA antibodies was detecte ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... level of sympathetic tone present at rest is presumably crucial for long-term blood pressure (BP) control. The network that sets this background level is located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the spinal cord, the hypothalamus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Limbic, cortic ...
... level of sympathetic tone present at rest is presumably crucial for long-term blood pressure (BP) control. The network that sets this background level is located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the spinal cord, the hypothalamus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Limbic, cortic ...
Creatine
... Extra creatine in the muscle may also increase the rate of regeneration of phosphocreatine following exercise, which should mean less fatigue with repeated bursts of activity in training or in many sport competitions ...
... Extra creatine in the muscle may also increase the rate of regeneration of phosphocreatine following exercise, which should mean less fatigue with repeated bursts of activity in training or in many sport competitions ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... organisms by analyzing the physical world. The particles in the physical world do not change due to their nature. However, mass that is made up of matter can have changes. Such changes occur in a compound structure. James wrote: “(...) Plasticity, then, in the wide sense of the word, means the posse ...
... organisms by analyzing the physical world. The particles in the physical world do not change due to their nature. However, mass that is made up of matter can have changes. Such changes occur in a compound structure. James wrote: “(...) Plasticity, then, in the wide sense of the word, means the posse ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... the relationship between a CS and a subsequent US is not always very reliable, and having separate PV and LV systems enables the system to be very robust to such variability. In contrast, the chaining mechanism present in the TD algorithm is designed to work optimally when there is a very reliable s ...
... the relationship between a CS and a subsequent US is not always very reliable, and having separate PV and LV systems enables the system to be very robust to such variability. In contrast, the chaining mechanism present in the TD algorithm is designed to work optimally when there is a very reliable s ...
Mutations in sodium-channel gene SCN9A cause a spectrum of
... The voltage-gated sodium-channel type IX α subunit, known as Nav1.7 and encoded by the gene SCN9A, is located in peripheral neurons and plays an important role in action potential production in these cells. Recent genetic studies have identified Nav1.7 dysfunction in three different human pain disor ...
... The voltage-gated sodium-channel type IX α subunit, known as Nav1.7 and encoded by the gene SCN9A, is located in peripheral neurons and plays an important role in action potential production in these cells. Recent genetic studies have identified Nav1.7 dysfunction in three different human pain disor ...
Developmental origin of shark electrosensory organs
... Although formation of mechanosensory epidermal placodes has been described in chondrichthyans and osteichthyans (Johnson 1917; Northcutt et al. 1995; Gibbs and Northcutt 2004), the question of how neural crest cells and axons are guided to specific topographic positions within the laterosensory field ...
... Although formation of mechanosensory epidermal placodes has been described in chondrichthyans and osteichthyans (Johnson 1917; Northcutt et al. 1995; Gibbs and Northcutt 2004), the question of how neural crest cells and axons are guided to specific topographic positions within the laterosensory field ...
Predictive Coding as a Model of Biased Competition in Visual
... The hierarchical neural network architecture that would implement equations 6, 7 and 8 is shown in Figure 2. This reformulated model can be interpreted as a form of BC model in which cortical regions at neighbouring stages along an information processing pathway are reciprocally connected by excitat ...
... The hierarchical neural network architecture that would implement equations 6, 7 and 8 is shown in Figure 2. This reformulated model can be interpreted as a form of BC model in which cortical regions at neighbouring stages along an information processing pathway are reciprocally connected by excitat ...
Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Reaching
... Spike trains from eight groups of simultaneously recorded cells (95 neurons in total) were acquired. A point process generalized linear model (GLM) was developed to assess simultaneously recorded cells for functional connectivity during reaching attempts where unforced errors or no errors were made. ...
... Spike trains from eight groups of simultaneously recorded cells (95 neurons in total) were acquired. A point process generalized linear model (GLM) was developed to assess simultaneously recorded cells for functional connectivity during reaching attempts where unforced errors or no errors were made. ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... standing of the brain’s integrative functions: How do all the known compo nents interact as a system, how can they develop synergy and be integrated into a functional whole? How do networks of neurons aquire those emergent functional properties that become evident in perception and behaviour? It is ...
... standing of the brain’s integrative functions: How do all the known compo nents interact as a system, how can they develop synergy and be integrated into a functional whole? How do networks of neurons aquire those emergent functional properties that become evident in perception and behaviour? It is ...
Hypothesized Deficiency of Guanine
... greater variability in their total brain volume, whereas little variability was observed in the controls. The patients had the classic form of the illness with levels of HPRT activity below 1.6% in erythrocyte lysates and fibroblast cultures. On blinded review, 3 patients were reported to have small ...
... greater variability in their total brain volume, whereas little variability was observed in the controls. The patients had the classic form of the illness with levels of HPRT activity below 1.6% in erythrocyte lysates and fibroblast cultures. On blinded review, 3 patients were reported to have small ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... nonrespiratory behaviors such as vocalization, straining, and airway protection reflexes (e.g., coughing, sneezing, and swallowing) (Shiba et al., 1999). How do animals use the same muscles to generate such various different behaviors? During normal breathing, laryngeal motoneurons are driven by out ...
... nonrespiratory behaviors such as vocalization, straining, and airway protection reflexes (e.g., coughing, sneezing, and swallowing) (Shiba et al., 1999). How do animals use the same muscles to generate such various different behaviors? During normal breathing, laryngeal motoneurons are driven by out ...
Lecture 23
... • Causes synthesis of calcium-binding protein and related facilitated transport • Takes a couple of days to fully develop response • Has slight effect to increase calcium reabsorption in kidneys • Works with PTH to cause calcium absorption from bone ...
... • Causes synthesis of calcium-binding protein and related facilitated transport • Takes a couple of days to fully develop response • Has slight effect to increase calcium reabsorption in kidneys • Works with PTH to cause calcium absorption from bone ...
Detectable - NeuroScience Associates
... Each approach has its strengths and challenges. Each is necessary and uniquely capable of detecting specific expressions of neurotoxicity ...
... Each approach has its strengths and challenges. Each is necessary and uniquely capable of detecting specific expressions of neurotoxicity ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... circuitry (45, 46). It has long been proposed that distinct neuronal ensembles within the accumbens encode the relationship between discrete stimuli and behavioral responses (47). However, only recently was it demonstrated that different subsets of neurons in the accumbens respond differentially to ...
... circuitry (45, 46). It has long been proposed that distinct neuronal ensembles within the accumbens encode the relationship between discrete stimuli and behavioral responses (47). However, only recently was it demonstrated that different subsets of neurons in the accumbens respond differentially to ...
The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
... circuitry (45, 46). It has long been proposed that distinct neuronal ensembles within the accumbens encode the relationship between discrete stimuli and behavioral responses (47). However, only recently was it demonstrated that different subsets of neurons in the accumbens respond differentially to ...
... circuitry (45, 46). It has long been proposed that distinct neuronal ensembles within the accumbens encode the relationship between discrete stimuli and behavioral responses (47). However, only recently was it demonstrated that different subsets of neurons in the accumbens respond differentially to ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... (right). Colors are shown only for voxels where the data are well fit by a population receptive field model, as explained below. The solid black lines and labels indicate the positions of ten visual ...
... (right). Colors are shown only for voxels where the data are well fit by a population receptive field model, as explained below. The solid black lines and labels indicate the positions of ten visual ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.