Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... branches, and we could not follow them over long distances (⬍50 3B). These data suggest that the increase in the short depolarizing m). However, the delicate nature of these collaterals made them potentials is, indeed, a result of excitation of neurons that synapparticularly difficult to find (and, ...
... branches, and we could not follow them over long distances (⬍50 3B). These data suggest that the increase in the short depolarizing m). However, the delicate nature of these collaterals made them potentials is, indeed, a result of excitation of neurons that synapparticularly difficult to find (and, ...
Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental
... Representations of sensory stimuli in the cerebral cortex can undergo progressive remodelling according to the behavioural importance of the stimuli1,2. The cortex receives widespread projections from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA)3±5, which are activated by new stimuli or unpr ...
... Representations of sensory stimuli in the cerebral cortex can undergo progressive remodelling according to the behavioural importance of the stimuli1,2. The cortex receives widespread projections from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA)3±5, which are activated by new stimuli or unpr ...
Theroleofdendritesinauditory coincidence detection
... Coincidence-detector neurons in the auditory brainstem of mammals and birds use interaural time differences to localize sounds1,2. Each neuron receives many narrow-band inputs from both ears and compares the time of arrival of the inputs with an accuracy of 10–100 ms (refs 3–6). Neurons that receive ...
... Coincidence-detector neurons in the auditory brainstem of mammals and birds use interaural time differences to localize sounds1,2. Each neuron receives many narrow-band inputs from both ears and compares the time of arrival of the inputs with an accuracy of 10–100 ms (refs 3–6). Neurons that receive ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... action potentials that propagate along neuronal axons (Debanne 2004) and transmit through synapses (Kampa 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns pe ...
... action potentials that propagate along neuronal axons (Debanne 2004) and transmit through synapses (Kampa 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns pe ...
Chapter 3
... you feel the common objects that you saw earlier. When you reach the end, you are prompted to think back and remember your way through the tunnel. Surprisingly, the memory of what you encountered along the path in the dark with your hands is visual! Your brain has taken a tactile experience and unwi ...
... you feel the common objects that you saw earlier. When you reach the end, you are prompted to think back and remember your way through the tunnel. Surprisingly, the memory of what you encountered along the path in the dark with your hands is visual! Your brain has taken a tactile experience and unwi ...
Cerebellum
... Cerebellar Cortex: the surface gray matter of the cerebellum. 3 layers: 1. Molecular Layer- most superficial, consisting of axons of granule cells (parallel fibers) and dendrites of PCs 2. Purkinje Cell Layer- middle layer consisting of a single layer of large neuronal cell bodies (Purkinje cells) ...
... Cerebellar Cortex: the surface gray matter of the cerebellum. 3 layers: 1. Molecular Layer- most superficial, consisting of axons of granule cells (parallel fibers) and dendrites of PCs 2. Purkinje Cell Layer- middle layer consisting of a single layer of large neuronal cell bodies (Purkinje cells) ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... measure the distribution of selectivity across cells before and after training. When comparing multiple networks, we use the mean of the stimulus-pair selectivity across cells. In order to determine whether or not the information about stimulus-pairs within a given associative network is sufficient ...
... measure the distribution of selectivity across cells before and after training. When comparing multiple networks, we use the mean of the stimulus-pair selectivity across cells. In order to determine whether or not the information about stimulus-pairs within a given associative network is sufficient ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers often encircled the same postganglionic neurons and were very close to each other (not shown), so that it was difficult to judge whether co-localization existed. To overcome this problem, we used the anti-GABA antibody instead. Judging the ...
... GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers often encircled the same postganglionic neurons and were very close to each other (not shown), so that it was difficult to judge whether co-localization existed. To overcome this problem, we used the anti-GABA antibody instead. Judging the ...
The kinaesthetic senses
... one joint. In this situation the muscle afferent information is potentially ambiguous. The proximity of skin receptors adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than ...
... one joint. In this situation the muscle afferent information is potentially ambiguous. The proximity of skin receptors adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than ...
OMB No. 0925-0046, Biographical Sketch Format Page
... mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 in patients with heritable pain disorders and the assessment of the contribution of individual sodium channel isoforms to firing properties of neurons. By virtue of the tissue-specific expression of these sodium channels Nav1.7, Na ...
... mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 in patients with heritable pain disorders and the assessment of the contribution of individual sodium channel isoforms to firing properties of neurons. By virtue of the tissue-specific expression of these sodium channels Nav1.7, Na ...
The Cerebrum
... • Somatic Sensory Association Area » Receives and interprets information from skin, musculoskeletal system, vicera (organs), and taste buds » Works with primary sensory cortex ...
... • Somatic Sensory Association Area » Receives and interprets information from skin, musculoskeletal system, vicera (organs), and taste buds » Works with primary sensory cortex ...
Background Presentation
... period decreases as the # of distractors (uncertainty level) increases • Response during selection and saccade initiation were not significantly different regardless of uncertainty ...
... period decreases as the # of distractors (uncertainty level) increases • Response during selection and saccade initiation were not significantly different regardless of uncertainty ...
Computational Psychiatry Seminar: Spring 2014 Week 11: The
... relationship of the values of subsequent states and actions to update the previous stateaction pair. V(state, action) = E[reward + γV(new state, new action)] -Third, learn a model of action-dependent state-transition probability and, given the present state, predict the future rewards for hypothetic ...
... relationship of the values of subsequent states and actions to update the previous stateaction pair. V(state, action) = E[reward + γV(new state, new action)] -Third, learn a model of action-dependent state-transition probability and, given the present state, predict the future rewards for hypothetic ...
Culture of primary rat hippocampal neurons
... extract mechanisms of disease, and to develop and screen targeted therapies for acute and chronic diseases. Interrogation of these systems performed at the single- and multi-cell level enables relevant extracellular cell-scale change and control. Micro- and nanofluidic technologies, developed over t ...
... extract mechanisms of disease, and to develop and screen targeted therapies for acute and chronic diseases. Interrogation of these systems performed at the single- and multi-cell level enables relevant extracellular cell-scale change and control. Micro- and nanofluidic technologies, developed over t ...
Neural Networks 2 - Monash University
... Various cortical areas devoted to specialized tasks can be distinguished Neural Networks 2 ...
... Various cortical areas devoted to specialized tasks can be distinguished Neural Networks 2 ...
Tendon : attaches muscle to bone
... Origin: The less movable of the two points of attachment to a bone. Attaches to the fixed part of the skeleton. ...
... Origin: The less movable of the two points of attachment to a bone. Attaches to the fixed part of the skeleton. ...
The Visual System: From Eye to Cortex - U
... – Parvocellular layers (P pathway) are found in the top four layers of each lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and are composed of small body neurons; they are responsive to color, fine detail patterns, and react to slow or stationary objects – Magnocellular layers (M pathway) are found in the bottom ...
... – Parvocellular layers (P pathway) are found in the top four layers of each lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and are composed of small body neurons; they are responsive to color, fine detail patterns, and react to slow or stationary objects – Magnocellular layers (M pathway) are found in the bottom ...
Human olfaction: from genomic variation to phenotypic diversity
... an accurate ‘odor image’ in the brain. Widespread phenotypic diversity in human olfaction is, in part, attributable to prevalent genetic variation in OR genes, owing to copy number variation, deletion alleles and deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms. The development of new genomic tools, incl ...
... an accurate ‘odor image’ in the brain. Widespread phenotypic diversity in human olfaction is, in part, attributable to prevalent genetic variation in OR genes, owing to copy number variation, deletion alleles and deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms. The development of new genomic tools, incl ...
Unit 08 Notes
... move the actin filaments closer together. 2. ___ Calcium ions attach to the troponin causing the tropomyosin to move and expose the myosin cross bridge binding sites 3. ___ Acetylcholine is released from the axon of the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft of the sarcolemma triggering a muscle impul ...
... move the actin filaments closer together. 2. ___ Calcium ions attach to the troponin causing the tropomyosin to move and expose the myosin cross bridge binding sites 3. ___ Acetylcholine is released from the axon of the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft of the sarcolemma triggering a muscle impul ...
behavior?
... houses small storage pouches or synaptic vesicles. These vesicles contain neurotransmitters, the chemical Receptor sites messengers that carry signals across the synapse. A synapse is the juncPostsynaptic tion between two neurons where (receiving) neuron the axon bulb of one neuron comes into proxim ...
... houses small storage pouches or synaptic vesicles. These vesicles contain neurotransmitters, the chemical Receptor sites messengers that carry signals across the synapse. A synapse is the juncPostsynaptic tion between two neurons where (receiving) neuron the axon bulb of one neuron comes into proxim ...
The Brain and Behaviour
... The temporal lobe is located in the lower, central, area of the brain, above and around the top of each ear. The temporal lobe in each hemisphere is primarily involved with auditory perception, but also plays an important role in memory, in aspects of visual perception such as our ability to recogni ...
... The temporal lobe is located in the lower, central, area of the brain, above and around the top of each ear. The temporal lobe in each hemisphere is primarily involved with auditory perception, but also plays an important role in memory, in aspects of visual perception such as our ability to recogni ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... The way adaptation changes the onset response curve of the sensory periphery determines which and how much information about a given stimulus is available at more central stages. In most cases, these changes can be described as either subtractive or divisive (Fig. 2c; Hildebrandt et al. 2011). While ...
... The way adaptation changes the onset response curve of the sensory periphery determines which and how much information about a given stimulus is available at more central stages. In most cases, these changes can be described as either subtractive or divisive (Fig. 2c; Hildebrandt et al. 2011). While ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.