THE EMOTIOGENIC BRAIN STRUCTURES IN CONDITIONING
... 2. What determines the i~nfluenceof emotiogenic structures on memory: the activation of the emotiogenic structures during the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus, or the brief residual process in these structures, or even long-term retention (perhaps, for life) of memory in the emotiogenic st ...
... 2. What determines the i~nfluenceof emotiogenic structures on memory: the activation of the emotiogenic structures during the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus, or the brief residual process in these structures, or even long-term retention (perhaps, for life) of memory in the emotiogenic st ...
The Endogenously Active Brain: The Need for an
... dendrites to raise the voltage above threshold, after which they generate an action potential on their axon and, over time, return to their resting potential. On this view, neurons are reactive components. Although most accounts of neural processing focus on action potentials, they represent only a ...
... dendrites to raise the voltage above threshold, after which they generate an action potential on their axon and, over time, return to their resting potential. On this view, neurons are reactive components. Although most accounts of neural processing focus on action potentials, they represent only a ...
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... under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ...
... under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ...
The Living World - Chapter 28 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... The sensory nervous system tells the central nervous system what’s happenin’! Sensory receptors ...
... The sensory nervous system tells the central nervous system what’s happenin’! Sensory receptors ...
Making New Memories
... cell during new learning to the response of the same cell to the reference scenes with the same rewarded target location (i.e., the same motor response for both new and reference scenes). In no case did the changing cells respond similarly to the reference scenes suggesting that the changing signal ...
... cell during new learning to the response of the same cell to the reference scenes with the same rewarded target location (i.e., the same motor response for both new and reference scenes). In no case did the changing cells respond similarly to the reference scenes suggesting that the changing signal ...
1) Answers: (a), (b), and (d)
... consumption of food in the natural state that makes food psychologically rewarding. 46) Answer: (c). Taste signals provide one of the most significant rewards for eating. They are processed through different stages in our brains, to produce (among other effects) activation of the lateral hypothalami ...
... consumption of food in the natural state that makes food psychologically rewarding. 46) Answer: (c). Taste signals provide one of the most significant rewards for eating. They are processed through different stages in our brains, to produce (among other effects) activation of the lateral hypothalami ...
Document
... on the skull tell us nothing about the brain’s underlying functions. Nevertheless, some of Gall’s assumptions have held true. Different parts of the brain do control different aspects of behavior, as you will see throughout this unit. ...
... on the skull tell us nothing about the brain’s underlying functions. Nevertheless, some of Gall’s assumptions have held true. Different parts of the brain do control different aspects of behavior, as you will see throughout this unit. ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... mesencephalic slices after severing of afferent processes continue to exhibit spontaneous activity that is derived from the active membrane properties of the neuron. One factor associated with spike generation in DA neurons is a large-amplitude (10–15 mV), pacemaker-like slow depolarizing potential ...
... mesencephalic slices after severing of afferent processes continue to exhibit spontaneous activity that is derived from the active membrane properties of the neuron. One factor associated with spike generation in DA neurons is a large-amplitude (10–15 mV), pacemaker-like slow depolarizing potential ...
Moving Colors in the Lime Light Minireview
... to discerning the mechanisms by which color information reaches motion processing areas of the brain. However, just when the roles of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways in color-motion processing were finally getting sorted out, a third pathway—referred to as koniocellular—has made its deb ...
... to discerning the mechanisms by which color information reaches motion processing areas of the brain. However, just when the roles of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways in color-motion processing were finally getting sorted out, a third pathway—referred to as koniocellular—has made its deb ...
Datasheet - Creative Diagnostics
... enters the nerve axons, and is transported across synaptic junctions to the nerve-cell body in the brain stem and spinal cord by retrograde intraneuronal transport, until it reaches the central nervous system, where it rapidly binds to gangliosides at the presynaptic membrane of inhibitory motor ner ...
... enters the nerve axons, and is transported across synaptic junctions to the nerve-cell body in the brain stem and spinal cord by retrograde intraneuronal transport, until it reaches the central nervous system, where it rapidly binds to gangliosides at the presynaptic membrane of inhibitory motor ner ...
The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
Dopamine D, Receptors in the Rat Brain
... period was 60 d at 4°C. Brain gray and white matter standards containing known amounts of a nonvolatile 3H-labeled compound were exposed to the film along with the labeled tissue sections. Films were analyzed using a computerized image-analysis system that provides values of receptor densities expre ...
... period was 60 d at 4°C. Brain gray and white matter standards containing known amounts of a nonvolatile 3H-labeled compound were exposed to the film along with the labeled tissue sections. Films were analyzed using a computerized image-analysis system that provides values of receptor densities expre ...
SPINAL CORD II
... • Posterior root ganglion → Tip of posterior grey column → Poteriolateral tract of Lissauer → Synapse in posterior column → second order neuron axon cross obliquely to opposite side in ant: commissure ascend as lateral spinocerebellar tract → In medulla joined by ant: spinothalamic and spinotectal f ...
... • Posterior root ganglion → Tip of posterior grey column → Poteriolateral tract of Lissauer → Synapse in posterior column → second order neuron axon cross obliquely to opposite side in ant: commissure ascend as lateral spinocerebellar tract → In medulla joined by ant: spinothalamic and spinotectal f ...
FUNCTIONAL COGNITIVE NETWORKS IN PRIMATES
... functions include attending to and identifying a particular scent pattern, evaluating its significance, and retaining a memory trace of the scent in its context. The actual structural basis for parallel distributed processing may initially have developed in the olfactory system to serve this functio ...
... functions include attending to and identifying a particular scent pattern, evaluating its significance, and retaining a memory trace of the scent in its context. The actual structural basis for parallel distributed processing may initially have developed in the olfactory system to serve this functio ...
Review. Glial cells in neuronal network function
... ion channels, the level of expression of some key channels is relatively low and consequently they are not electrically excitable (e.g. Orkand et al. 1966; Sontheimer 1994; Verkhratsky & Steinhäuser 2000; Seifert & Steinhäuser 2001). Astrocytes are known to play relevant roles in numerous processe ...
... ion channels, the level of expression of some key channels is relatively low and consequently they are not electrically excitable (e.g. Orkand et al. 1966; Sontheimer 1994; Verkhratsky & Steinhäuser 2000; Seifert & Steinhäuser 2001). Astrocytes are known to play relevant roles in numerous processe ...
Principles of Biology II Lab Manual
... Nervous systems are unique to animals, and are critical for detecting and interpreting information, making decisions, and regulating body functions and movements. Nervous systems are constructed from neurons and glia. Neurons are the main functional cells, while glia play a variety of support roles. ...
... Nervous systems are unique to animals, and are critical for detecting and interpreting information, making decisions, and regulating body functions and movements. Nervous systems are constructed from neurons and glia. Neurons are the main functional cells, while glia play a variety of support roles. ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... scale is exaggerated here. Such measurements require ultra-small electrodes, as described later in this chapter.) The inside of an axon at rest is about -60 to -70 millivolts, compared with the outside. Electrochemical changes in a neuron generate an action potential. When positively charged sodium ...
... scale is exaggerated here. Such measurements require ultra-small electrodes, as described later in this chapter.) The inside of an axon at rest is about -60 to -70 millivolts, compared with the outside. Electrochemical changes in a neuron generate an action potential. When positively charged sodium ...
Anatomy of spinal cord
... Remaining spinal nerve ventral rami (roots of the plexus): form five plexuses (intermingling of nerves). ...
... Remaining spinal nerve ventral rami (roots of the plexus): form five plexuses (intermingling of nerves). ...
motor neuron
... Nuclear bag fiber: mainly response to change of muscle length Nuclear chain fiber: mainly response to length of muscle ...
... Nuclear bag fiber: mainly response to change of muscle length Nuclear chain fiber: mainly response to length of muscle ...
T3 - McKim Conferences
... consisting of the GAL4 DNA binding domain and the TR ligand binding domain. ...
... consisting of the GAL4 DNA binding domain and the TR ligand binding domain. ...
Minimal model of strategy switching in the plus
... between the trial in which the criterion was reached for the first time and the trial where task contingencies changed; ‘after’ phase corresponded to the period after the trial when the criterion was reached after the contingency change and until the end of training (see Figure 2). We analyzed the a ...
... between the trial in which the criterion was reached for the first time and the trial where task contingencies changed; ‘after’ phase corresponded to the period after the trial when the criterion was reached after the contingency change and until the end of training (see Figure 2). We analyzed the a ...
lungs – bronchia – pleura
... can speak of an upper and lower section of the spine only after the gullet had broken open. The sympathetic trunks, which are two long chains of nerves on each side of the vertebrae, allow nerve fibers to travel to spinal nerves that are superior or inferior to the one in which they originate. In th ...
... can speak of an upper and lower section of the spine only after the gullet had broken open. The sympathetic trunks, which are two long chains of nerves on each side of the vertebrae, allow nerve fibers to travel to spinal nerves that are superior or inferior to the one in which they originate. In th ...
Neurotransmitters:
... sorts of other brain-related phenomena You know that most every action in your body – writing your name, saying hello, kicking a ball, playing the piano - involves neurons in the brain sending electrical signals to each other. When those signals are sent, an electrical impulse travels from the axon ...
... sorts of other brain-related phenomena You know that most every action in your body – writing your name, saying hello, kicking a ball, playing the piano - involves neurons in the brain sending electrical signals to each other. When those signals are sent, an electrical impulse travels from the axon ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... 1984) and were selectively driven by the contralateral eye. With further advance of the microelectrode; we encountered ON-Center chromatically opponent cells driven by the ipsilateral eye. With still deeper penetration of the microelectrode, we recorded in the anticipated sequence from the two predo ...
... 1984) and were selectively driven by the contralateral eye. With further advance of the microelectrode; we encountered ON-Center chromatically opponent cells driven by the ipsilateral eye. With still deeper penetration of the microelectrode, we recorded in the anticipated sequence from the two predo ...
Lecture Notes - Pitt Honors Human Physiology
... indeed inhibit eating. The stretch receptors in the stomach that detect distension send their axons to the brainstem via the vagus nerve, where they terminate in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The activity of these stomach stretch receptors is potentiated when the hormone CCK is released from th ...
... indeed inhibit eating. The stretch receptors in the stomach that detect distension send their axons to the brainstem via the vagus nerve, where they terminate in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The activity of these stomach stretch receptors is potentiated when the hormone CCK is released from th ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.