Age-related changes in the hippocampal subdivisions of the rat
... As levels of many blood-borne trophic factors decline with age, the focal differences in blood flow that exist throughout the lifespan, coupled with age-related vascular changes, may result in local deficiencies in one or more critical trophic factors that lead to dendritic regression among some neu ...
... As levels of many blood-borne trophic factors decline with age, the focal differences in blood flow that exist throughout the lifespan, coupled with age-related vascular changes, may result in local deficiencies in one or more critical trophic factors that lead to dendritic regression among some neu ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... 1. A supervised learning procedure was applied to individual cat area 17 neurons to test the possible role of neuronal co-activity in controlling the plasticity of the spatial ‘on—off’ organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fi ...
... 1. A supervised learning procedure was applied to individual cat area 17 neurons to test the possible role of neuronal co-activity in controlling the plasticity of the spatial ‘on—off’ organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fi ...
temporal visual event recognition
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... and not to disparity. Another possible explanation is that subdural electrodes averaged population activity across several disparity columns. In monkeys, at single-cell level, there is disparity sensitivity in areas V1, V2, V3 and V3A (Poggio et al., 1985, 1988; Gonzalez et al., 1993; Durand et al., ...
... and not to disparity. Another possible explanation is that subdural electrodes averaged population activity across several disparity columns. In monkeys, at single-cell level, there is disparity sensitivity in areas V1, V2, V3 and V3A (Poggio et al., 1985, 1988; Gonzalez et al., 1993; Durand et al., ...
neural mechanisms for detecting and remembering novel events
... Figure 2 | The novelty P3. In typical experiments used to investigate contextual novelty, eventrelated potentials are recorded during an auditory target-detection task. For example, subjects might be instructed to respond to an infrequent target tone amidst a series of frequent ‘standard’ sounds and ...
... Figure 2 | The novelty P3. In typical experiments used to investigate contextual novelty, eventrelated potentials are recorded during an auditory target-detection task. For example, subjects might be instructed to respond to an infrequent target tone amidst a series of frequent ‘standard’ sounds and ...
1 Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology
... Other things that need to be considered include when to make your behavioral observations and what dose or treatment regimen to use for the hormone administration. When in doubt, it is best to be guided by endogenous, physiological concentrations of the hormone (if they are known) and by what is alr ...
... Other things that need to be considered include when to make your behavioral observations and what dose or treatment regimen to use for the hormone administration. When in doubt, it is best to be guided by endogenous, physiological concentrations of the hormone (if they are known) and by what is alr ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... 1995). Most coincidence detector models receive afferent impulses by one axon in each of the two input channels. If multiple axons deliver afferent impulses in each channel, these impulses can arrive at the detector simultaneously. This condition may pose problems in some systems. High afferent impu ...
... 1995). Most coincidence detector models receive afferent impulses by one axon in each of the two input channels. If multiple axons deliver afferent impulses in each channel, these impulses can arrive at the detector simultaneously. This condition may pose problems in some systems. High afferent impu ...
Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus During Delayed Non
... aspiration of the hippocampus does not produce an impairment in object-cued DNMS tasks in rats (Aggleton et al., 1986; Rothblat and Kromer, 1991). Furthermore, we recently found that performance on an odor-guided delayed nonmatching task was impaired by perirhinal-entorhinal cortex lesions but not b ...
... aspiration of the hippocampus does not produce an impairment in object-cued DNMS tasks in rats (Aggleton et al., 1986; Rothblat and Kromer, 1991). Furthermore, we recently found that performance on an odor-guided delayed nonmatching task was impaired by perirhinal-entorhinal cortex lesions but not b ...
Timing of Impulses From the Central Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of
... to diffuse environmental contingencies. However, these structures are reciprocally connected and their projection sites overlap extensively. To shed light on the significance of BNST–amygdala connections, we compared the antidromic response latencies of BNST and central amygdala (CE) neurons to brai ...
... to diffuse environmental contingencies. However, these structures are reciprocally connected and their projection sites overlap extensively. To shed light on the significance of BNST–amygdala connections, we compared the antidromic response latencies of BNST and central amygdala (CE) neurons to brai ...
Spiking Neurons with Boltzmann-like Properties to
... below. WB is the target post-synaptic weight and Wj is the incoming synaptic weight to the post-synaptic neuron. In these simulations, WB was set to 4. ∆+ wij = (1 − wij ) ∗ R ∗ 10(WB −Wj ) ...
... below. WB is the target post-synaptic weight and Wj is the incoming synaptic weight to the post-synaptic neuron. In these simulations, WB was set to 4. ∆+ wij = (1 − wij ) ∗ R ∗ 10(WB −Wj ) ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... leads tofiringof sympathetic pregangltonic neurons. The Cl area neurons are inhibited by baroreceptor input and mediate the vascular component of baroreceptor reflexes. They also mediate somatosympathetk pressor responses from skin and muscle and participate in reflex responses to hypoxia. The neuro ...
... leads tofiringof sympathetic pregangltonic neurons. The Cl area neurons are inhibited by baroreceptor input and mediate the vascular component of baroreceptor reflexes. They also mediate somatosympathetk pressor responses from skin and muscle and participate in reflex responses to hypoxia. The neuro ...
A"computational"approach"towards"the"ontogeny"of" mirror"neurons
... We identified that from the learning rules considered, only the thresholded Oja’s rule is sufficient to impose mirror neuron behavior. The other learning rules (covariance, BCM and the original Oja’s rule) are subject to at least one of the following three limitations. First, the covariance rule is ...
... We identified that from the learning rules considered, only the thresholded Oja’s rule is sufficient to impose mirror neuron behavior. The other learning rules (covariance, BCM and the original Oja’s rule) are subject to at least one of the following three limitations. First, the covariance rule is ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... Single-unit recording studies in the monkey have provided detailed, quantitative descriptions of how attention alters visual cortical neuron responses. When attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respon ...
... Single-unit recording studies in the monkey have provided detailed, quantitative descriptions of how attention alters visual cortical neuron responses. When attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respon ...
Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia
... The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons The ANS and Visceral Sensory Neurons ...
... The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons The ANS and Visceral Sensory Neurons ...
Central Nervous System I. Brain - Function A. Hindbrain 1. Medulla
... This area is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. It extends from the longitudinal fissure on the superior cerebrum to the lateral sulcus. It is separated from the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe by the central sulcus. The primary somatic sensory area receives nerve impulses f ...
... This area is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. It extends from the longitudinal fissure on the superior cerebrum to the lateral sulcus. It is separated from the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe by the central sulcus. The primary somatic sensory area receives nerve impulses f ...
File
... When you read a section with many details, writing an outline may help you organize and remember the material. Outline Section 36–2 by first writing the section headings as major topics in the order in which they appear in the book. Then, beneath each major topic, list important details about it. Ti ...
... When you read a section with many details, writing an outline may help you organize and remember the material. Outline Section 36–2 by first writing the section headings as major topics in the order in which they appear in the book. Then, beneath each major topic, list important details about it. Ti ...
Instructions (PDF Document)
... The electrical activity of a neuron can be recorded several different ways. Two common techniques are referred to as intracellular and extracellular recording. Intracellular recordings rely on a microelectrode (typically an ultra sharp glass pipette filled with an electrically conductive solution) t ...
... The electrical activity of a neuron can be recorded several different ways. Two common techniques are referred to as intracellular and extracellular recording. Intracellular recordings rely on a microelectrode (typically an ultra sharp glass pipette filled with an electrically conductive solution) t ...
Pre- or postsynaptic distribution of distinct endocannabinoid
... Molecular and anatomical architecture of the endocannabinoid system The endocannabinoid molecules are endogenous bioactive lipid-derivatives acting on type 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the molecular targets of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; Gaoni & Mechoulam, 1964), the main active co ...
... Molecular and anatomical architecture of the endocannabinoid system The endocannabinoid molecules are endogenous bioactive lipid-derivatives acting on type 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the molecular targets of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; Gaoni & Mechoulam, 1964), the main active co ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... grateful for my supervisor Elena Vashchinkina, for her watchful eye on the literature and never-ending patience to offer her wisdom despite the differences in our projects. I sincerely hope we stay in touch. I would also like to acknowledge all the wonderful members of the Pharmacology department, f ...
... grateful for my supervisor Elena Vashchinkina, for her watchful eye on the literature and never-ending patience to offer her wisdom despite the differences in our projects. I sincerely hope we stay in touch. I would also like to acknowledge all the wonderful members of the Pharmacology department, f ...
hypothalamic neuroanatomy and limbic inputs
... role in sexual behavior, particularly in females. The lateral hypothalamus comprises other unique cell groups, including neurons that produce orexins (also known as hypocretins), which have profound effects on sleep–wake cycles, feeding, and reward-seeking behavior, and can influence GnRH secretion. ...
... role in sexual behavior, particularly in females. The lateral hypothalamus comprises other unique cell groups, including neurons that produce orexins (also known as hypocretins), which have profound effects on sleep–wake cycles, feeding, and reward-seeking behavior, and can influence GnRH secretion. ...
Synaptic Integration of Olfactory Information in Mouse Anterior
... and significantly larger than the firing rate change induced by mineral oil (Student’s t test). This second criterion was used to control for any suprathreshold and/or subthreshold activity change induced by changes in the flow rate associated with stimulus delivery or by the vehicle (mineral oil). ...
... and significantly larger than the firing rate change induced by mineral oil (Student’s t test). This second criterion was used to control for any suprathreshold and/or subthreshold activity change induced by changes in the flow rate associated with stimulus delivery or by the vehicle (mineral oil). ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.