Nerve activates contraction
... only about ½ inch long) The rami, contain both motor and sensory fibers. 1. Dorsal rami – serve the skin and muscles of the posterior trunk ...
... only about ½ inch long) The rami, contain both motor and sensory fibers. 1. Dorsal rami – serve the skin and muscles of the posterior trunk ...
Powerpoint Ch8 Part1.
... Chapter 8: Control of Movement This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole ...
... Chapter 8: Control of Movement This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... correlation between semantic goals (e.g., to locate an X or a Z) and the neural activity representing semantic information in processed stimuli (Figure 2). Coincidence detectors represent neurons that fire only if two inputs fire temporally close to each other. This is analogous to the synchronous g ...
... correlation between semantic goals (e.g., to locate an X or a Z) and the neural activity representing semantic information in processed stimuli (Figure 2). Coincidence detectors represent neurons that fire only if two inputs fire temporally close to each other. This is analogous to the synchronous g ...
Auditory Cortex (1)
... - Each neuron is only responsive to a small region of acoustic - As a result, each stimulus only excites a small number of neurons (“spatial sparseness”) 2) Neurons in auditory cortex are also highly responsive (fire plenty of spikes), but only to stimuli they like. - “spatial sparseness” does not r ...
... - Each neuron is only responsive to a small region of acoustic - As a result, each stimulus only excites a small number of neurons (“spatial sparseness”) 2) Neurons in auditory cortex are also highly responsive (fire plenty of spikes), but only to stimuli they like. - “spatial sparseness” does not r ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... impedance, 1–5 MV at 1000 Hz). Each electrode was coated with one of three fluorescent dyes (DiI, DiI-C5, or DiO; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) to facilitate later histological localization of the recording sites (DiC arlo et al., 1996). The tip of the microdrive was then inserted into the recording ...
... impedance, 1–5 MV at 1000 Hz). Each electrode was coated with one of three fluorescent dyes (DiI, DiI-C5, or DiO; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) to facilitate later histological localization of the recording sites (DiC arlo et al., 1996). The tip of the microdrive was then inserted into the recording ...
Synchronization and coordination of sequences in two neural
... covers part of the phase space including the origin and all fixed points in which all trajectories intersect, i.e., ȧi兩S0 ⬍ 0, i = 1 , … , N. Thus such a system has no trajectories that escape to infinity. The WLC principle has made possible the interpretation, for example, of the hunting search be ...
... covers part of the phase space including the origin and all fixed points in which all trajectories intersect, i.e., ȧi兩S0 ⬍ 0, i = 1 , … , N. Thus such a system has no trajectories that escape to infinity. The WLC principle has made possible the interpretation, for example, of the hunting search be ...
Emergence of Sense-Making Behavior by the Stimulus Avoidance
... spontaneously without having any explicit reward or evaluation function. We call this a “learning by stimulation avoidance” (LSA) principle. LSA assures a homeostatic property as it sustains stability and variation simultaneously. Shahaf and Marom (2001) demonstrated that cultured neuronal cells can ...
... spontaneously without having any explicit reward or evaluation function. We call this a “learning by stimulation avoidance” (LSA) principle. LSA assures a homeostatic property as it sustains stability and variation simultaneously. Shahaf and Marom (2001) demonstrated that cultured neuronal cells can ...
mechanism of action of anxiolytics
... (GABA) for signaling. GABA is formed by the decarboxylation of l-glutamate, stored in neurons, and released, and its action is terminated by reuptake; GABA’s action mimics the naturally occurring inhibitory transmission in the mammalian nervous system. Because of these findings, it has been accepted ...
... (GABA) for signaling. GABA is formed by the decarboxylation of l-glutamate, stored in neurons, and released, and its action is terminated by reuptake; GABA’s action mimics the naturally occurring inhibitory transmission in the mammalian nervous system. Because of these findings, it has been accepted ...
Motor System: Reflexes, Pyramidal Tract and Basal Ganglia
... muscle spindle, activating Ia fibers, which activate alpha motor neurons • 4. voluntary muscle contraction against a load: corticospinal fibers activate both alpha and gamma motor neurons, allowing Ia fibers to continue to sense muscle length while muscle is contracting: alpha-gamma coactivation ...
... muscle spindle, activating Ia fibers, which activate alpha motor neurons • 4. voluntary muscle contraction against a load: corticospinal fibers activate both alpha and gamma motor neurons, allowing Ia fibers to continue to sense muscle length while muscle is contracting: alpha-gamma coactivation ...
aud
... (also known as the external auditory meatus), the ear drum (also known as the tympanic membrane), and the middle ear, which contains three very small bones called the auditory ossicles. The primary function of the conductive mechanism is to transmit the vibrations that are picked up at the tympanic ...
... (also known as the external auditory meatus), the ear drum (also known as the tympanic membrane), and the middle ear, which contains three very small bones called the auditory ossicles. The primary function of the conductive mechanism is to transmit the vibrations that are picked up at the tympanic ...
Anatomy Lecture 3 Descending Motor Tracts In the last lecture the
... is paralyzed, then after a couple of days the patient started to walking and moving his arms but with NO fine movement in the hand. EXPLANATION: Since the stroke occurred at the internal capsule on a certain side, say left, it means that the ventral and lateral tracts are both damaged leading to rig ...
... is paralyzed, then after a couple of days the patient started to walking and moving his arms but with NO fine movement in the hand. EXPLANATION: Since the stroke occurred at the internal capsule on a certain side, say left, it means that the ventral and lateral tracts are both damaged leading to rig ...
Neurobilogy of Sleep
... sleep, whereas neurons near the hypothalamusmidbrain junction helped promote wakefulness. ...
... sleep, whereas neurons near the hypothalamusmidbrain junction helped promote wakefulness. ...
Disuse
... e.g., lengthened soleus has increased IIB myosin heavy chain gene expression Passive stretch has been linked to gene expression, larger proteins in the muscle fiber are related to this phenomenon, namely the giant protein titin. Summary of disuse Atrophy is the most striking consequence of disus ...
... e.g., lengthened soleus has increased IIB myosin heavy chain gene expression Passive stretch has been linked to gene expression, larger proteins in the muscle fiber are related to this phenomenon, namely the giant protein titin. Summary of disuse Atrophy is the most striking consequence of disus ...
505kb pdf - Brain Sciences Center
... place (peripheral receptive field position) and modality (nature of stimuli). In contrast, penetrations made parallel to the cortical surface and across different minicolumns traversed through 300to 500-m sized regions, in each of which cells with identical properties were encountered. Such functio ...
... place (peripheral receptive field position) and modality (nature of stimuli). In contrast, penetrations made parallel to the cortical surface and across different minicolumns traversed through 300to 500-m sized regions, in each of which cells with identical properties were encountered. Such functio ...
Stem Cells as a Cure For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
... MNs can connect to muscles, the ESC-derived MNs were placed with myotubes, muscle progenitor cells found in embryo. After 1 day GFP-labeled MNs extended across the myotubes. Additionally, greater than 95% of the GFP labeled MNs that migrated onto the myotubes, expressed ChAT, an enzyme involved in t ...
... MNs can connect to muscles, the ESC-derived MNs were placed with myotubes, muscle progenitor cells found in embryo. After 1 day GFP-labeled MNs extended across the myotubes. Additionally, greater than 95% of the GFP labeled MNs that migrated onto the myotubes, expressed ChAT, an enzyme involved in t ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... f. When cilia are bending, impulses increase; as the orientation of the head in space changes and the weight of the statoconia bends the cilia, appropriate signals are transmitted to the brain to control equilibrium ...
... f. When cilia are bending, impulses increase; as the orientation of the head in space changes and the weight of the statoconia bends the cilia, appropriate signals are transmitted to the brain to control equilibrium ...
embryonic development of the leech nervous system
... on the manuscript. * To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. ...
... on the manuscript. * To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. ...
emboj2008265-sup
... studies, we determined that measurements from neuronal somas, as opposed to neurites, would be more appropriate for the following reasons. As tBoc is a soluble molecule, it distributes uniformly within the cell, and therefore measurements taken from neurites produced very similar results to those t ...
... studies, we determined that measurements from neuronal somas, as opposed to neurites, would be more appropriate for the following reasons. As tBoc is a soluble molecule, it distributes uniformly within the cell, and therefore measurements taken from neurites produced very similar results to those t ...
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates
... backward locomotion exhibited by C. elegans is produced by two neural circuits; one dedicated to forward movement and the other dedicated to backward movement (Chalfie et al., 1985). These two circuits converge on the dorsal and ventral body wall muscles and two classes of inhibitory motor neurons: ...
... backward locomotion exhibited by C. elegans is produced by two neural circuits; one dedicated to forward movement and the other dedicated to backward movement (Chalfie et al., 1985). These two circuits converge on the dorsal and ventral body wall muscles and two classes of inhibitory motor neurons: ...
Chapter 20 The Autonomic Nervous System
... (2) AChE quickly inactivates ACh, but NE lingers in the synaptic cleft for a longer period. (3) Epinephrine and NE secreted as hormones into the blood from the adrenal medulla intensify and prolong the responses caused by NE released as a neurotransmitter from sympathetic postganglionic axons. I ...
... (2) AChE quickly inactivates ACh, but NE lingers in the synaptic cleft for a longer period. (3) Epinephrine and NE secreted as hormones into the blood from the adrenal medulla intensify and prolong the responses caused by NE released as a neurotransmitter from sympathetic postganglionic axons. I ...
PDF
... due to exponential growth in input numbers i, the cost (in terms of cell resources) can quickly become prohibitive. For instance, in order to cover all possible patterns for processing 2, 3, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40 distinct perceptual inputs, an FCM would require 3, 7, 15, 1023, 1 048 675, 1 073 741 823, ...
... due to exponential growth in input numbers i, the cost (in terms of cell resources) can quickly become prohibitive. For instance, in order to cover all possible patterns for processing 2, 3, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40 distinct perceptual inputs, an FCM would require 3, 7, 15, 1023, 1 048 675, 1 073 741 823, ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... (also known as the external auditory meatus), the ear drum (also known as the tympanic membrane), and the middle ear, which contains three very small bones called the auditory ossicles. The primary function of the conductive mechanism is to transmit the vibrations that are picked up at the tympanic ...
... (also known as the external auditory meatus), the ear drum (also known as the tympanic membrane), and the middle ear, which contains three very small bones called the auditory ossicles. The primary function of the conductive mechanism is to transmit the vibrations that are picked up at the tympanic ...
Neurophysiology of Swallow #2
... Damage to the trigeminal nerve can affect the eating process. Specific signs of trigeminal nerve damage or lack of innervation by the trigeminal nerve includes: o Absence/loss of bite reflex in children; o Partial/total paralysis of the muscles of ...
... Damage to the trigeminal nerve can affect the eating process. Specific signs of trigeminal nerve damage or lack of innervation by the trigeminal nerve includes: o Absence/loss of bite reflex in children; o Partial/total paralysis of the muscles of ...
Chapter 12: Heart
... 3 The cardioregulatory center controls the frequency of action potentials in the sympathetic neurons (blue) extending to the heart. The sympathetic neurons increase the heart rate and the stroke volume. 4 The cardioregulatory center influences the frequency of action potentials in the sympathetic ne ...
... 3 The cardioregulatory center controls the frequency of action potentials in the sympathetic neurons (blue) extending to the heart. The sympathetic neurons increase the heart rate and the stroke volume. 4 The cardioregulatory center influences the frequency of action potentials in the sympathetic ne ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.