Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... similarly to the same stimulus-pair. Thus, to assess how well the network as a whole produces pair-selectivity, we measure the distribution of selectivity across all excitatory cells before and after learning (Figure 2C). We assess network responses by examining how the final distribution compares t ...
... similarly to the same stimulus-pair. Thus, to assess how well the network as a whole produces pair-selectivity, we measure the distribution of selectivity across all excitatory cells before and after learning (Figure 2C). We assess network responses by examining how the final distribution compares t ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 1958; Friede, 1960). Classically it is an anatomical term referring to regions of the cen ...
... it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 1958; Friede, 1960). Classically it is an anatomical term referring to regions of the cen ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... our LMNR1 antibody on detergent-soluble extracts derived from the striatum and cerebral cortex (medial frontal gyrus) of human brains from normal control subjects or subjects with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). ATP13A2 is detected in human brain extracts as a major ~130 kDa protein species ...
... our LMNR1 antibody on detergent-soluble extracts derived from the striatum and cerebral cortex (medial frontal gyrus) of human brains from normal control subjects or subjects with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). ATP13A2 is detected in human brain extracts as a major ~130 kDa protein species ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... A. A typical odorant receptor (I15) is shown in its presumed configuration in the membrane, with seven hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains. Each amino acid is represented by a ball. B. Odorant receptors are extremely diverse in amino acid sequence. The black balls indicate amino acids that are dif ...
... A. A typical odorant receptor (I15) is shown in its presumed configuration in the membrane, with seven hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains. Each amino acid is represented by a ball. B. Odorant receptors are extremely diverse in amino acid sequence. The black balls indicate amino acids that are dif ...
PDF Full-text
... to the plasma membrane [104]. Therefore, PKCε controls the association of vimentin filaments with vesicles and the delivery of endocytosed β1-integrin to the plasma membrane from the intracellular vesicles requires PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of vimentin [104]. Interestingly, Rab4 has been shown ...
... to the plasma membrane [104]. Therefore, PKCε controls the association of vimentin filaments with vesicles and the delivery of endocytosed β1-integrin to the plasma membrane from the intracellular vesicles requires PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of vimentin [104]. Interestingly, Rab4 has been shown ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... block outward movement of later CP neurons (Pinto-Lord et al., 1982). However, it is also possible that reelin normally signals to these neurons at a distance, attracting them to migrate to the edge of layer I. Development of the CA1 region of the hippocampus also involves reelin. Reelin is made by ...
... block outward movement of later CP neurons (Pinto-Lord et al., 1982). However, it is also possible that reelin normally signals to these neurons at a distance, attracting them to migrate to the edge of layer I. Development of the CA1 region of the hippocampus also involves reelin. Reelin is made by ...
Spatial tuning of reaching activity in the medial parieto
... recording apparatus was performed in asepsis and under general anesthesia (sodium thiopenthal, 8 mg ⁄ kg ⁄ h, i.v.) and analgesics were used post-operatively (ketorolac trometazyn, 1 mg ⁄ kg i.m. immediately after surgery and 1.6 mg ⁄ kg i.m. on the following days). During the last 2 weeks of record ...
... recording apparatus was performed in asepsis and under general anesthesia (sodium thiopenthal, 8 mg ⁄ kg ⁄ h, i.v.) and analgesics were used post-operatively (ketorolac trometazyn, 1 mg ⁄ kg i.m. immediately after surgery and 1.6 mg ⁄ kg i.m. on the following days). During the last 2 weeks of record ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... threshold for generating an action potential. If it was subthreshold, the intensity of the stimuli was adjusted according to whether any action potential was induced by the second stimulus. Because the EPSP after the second stimulus was superimposed on that after the first stimulus, the presence of ...
... threshold for generating an action potential. If it was subthreshold, the intensity of the stimuli was adjusted according to whether any action potential was induced by the second stimulus. Because the EPSP after the second stimulus was superimposed on that after the first stimulus, the presence of ...
PDF reprint - UC Davis Mathematics
... (V − Vreset )/(Vth − Vreset ), so that vreset = 0 and vth = 1, and we rescale time by the membrane time constant cm /gm , t¯ = t/(cm /gm ). After rescaling, we can collect parameters into groups and name the groups: ᾱ = α cm /gm , ḡ s = qs /(cm (Vth − Vreset )), ḡ c = gc /gm , β̄ = β/(Vth − Vrese ...
... (V − Vreset )/(Vth − Vreset ), so that vreset = 0 and vth = 1, and we rescale time by the membrane time constant cm /gm , t¯ = t/(cm /gm ). After rescaling, we can collect parameters into groups and name the groups: ᾱ = α cm /gm , ḡ s = qs /(cm (Vth − Vreset )), ḡ c = gc /gm , β̄ = β/(Vth − Vrese ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... middle, and posterior LGN with all 6 layers at high power using an oil immersion objective (3100, numerical aperture = 1.32), a bright-field microscope, and a color video camera. Immunostained neurons were visualized on the computer and video monitors. Cell counts were made at tissue locations deter ...
... middle, and posterior LGN with all 6 layers at high power using an oil immersion objective (3100, numerical aperture = 1.32), a bright-field microscope, and a color video camera. Immunostained neurons were visualized on the computer and video monitors. Cell counts were made at tissue locations deter ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... showed that during gradual inflation of the lungs the same neurons whose discharge frequency increased during moderate inflation were inhibited at higher degrees of inflation (Fig. 8). This inhibition of expiratory neurons was observed even a t moderate lung volumes if the rate of inflation was incr ...
... showed that during gradual inflation of the lungs the same neurons whose discharge frequency increased during moderate inflation were inhibited at higher degrees of inflation (Fig. 8). This inhibition of expiratory neurons was observed even a t moderate lung volumes if the rate of inflation was incr ...
Title Goes here
... Boutons that are immunoreactive for glutamate include a high concentration of Zn2+ boutons ...
... Boutons that are immunoreactive for glutamate include a high concentration of Zn2+ boutons ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... normal as assessed by histological stainings (Gallyas for myelinated fiber tracts; Golgi for random labeling of individual neurons) and marker expression (NeuN for differentiated neurons; Ctip2 for layer 5/6 projection neurons) (Fig. 1a– d). Neither microglia activation nor astrogliosis was observed ...
... normal as assessed by histological stainings (Gallyas for myelinated fiber tracts; Golgi for random labeling of individual neurons) and marker expression (NeuN for differentiated neurons; Ctip2 for layer 5/6 projection neurons) (Fig. 1a– d). Neither microglia activation nor astrogliosis was observed ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... Experiments were performed on brain slice preparations of the piriform cortex from albino Sprague-Dawley rats using standard techniques (Hasselmo and Barkai 1995; Hasselmo and Bower 1991, 1992). Rats were anesthetized with halothane and decapitated. Brains were removed from the skull and mounted on ...
... Experiments were performed on brain slice preparations of the piriform cortex from albino Sprague-Dawley rats using standard techniques (Hasselmo and Barkai 1995; Hasselmo and Bower 1991, 1992). Rats were anesthetized with halothane and decapitated. Brains were removed from the skull and mounted on ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsynaptic cells. Multiunit recordings were dissected into the activity of individual neurons within the recorded group. Cross-correlation analysis was then used to identify directly coupled neuron pair ...
... of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsynaptic cells. Multiunit recordings were dissected into the activity of individual neurons within the recorded group. Cross-correlation analysis was then used to identify directly coupled neuron pair ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... The indifferent electrode was attached to the mediastinum adjacent to that middle cervical ganglion. This ganglion was explored with the electrode tip placed from its ventral surface to its underlying regions such that the activity generated by neurons in various loci within that ganglion could be i ...
... The indifferent electrode was attached to the mediastinum adjacent to that middle cervical ganglion. This ganglion was explored with the electrode tip placed from its ventral surface to its underlying regions such that the activity generated by neurons in various loci within that ganglion could be i ...
Dopamine
... postsynaptic target; moreover, once it is released, there are several mechanisms that can modulate its site of action. In general, the majority of evidence suggests that DA is released primarily in a spike-dependent manner, because inactivation of DA neuron firing virtually eliminates DA release wit ...
... postsynaptic target; moreover, once it is released, there are several mechanisms that can modulate its site of action. In general, the majority of evidence suggests that DA is released primarily in a spike-dependent manner, because inactivation of DA neuron firing virtually eliminates DA release wit ...
Sensory Systems - Zanichelli online per la scuola
... of tympanic membrane to the oval window. The ossicles translate vibration of tympanic membrane to smaller movement but greater force at the smaller oval window. Movement of oval window is translated into pressure changes in the fluid-filled inner ear. ...
... of tympanic membrane to the oval window. The ossicles translate vibration of tympanic membrane to smaller movement but greater force at the smaller oval window. Movement of oval window is translated into pressure changes in the fluid-filled inner ear. ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... further examples of the regulation of neuronal survival by retrogradely transported, target-derived neurotrophic factors. In addition to the neurotrophins [NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and NT4], several other families of proteins have been shown to promote the ...
... further examples of the regulation of neuronal survival by retrogradely transported, target-derived neurotrophic factors. In addition to the neurotrophins [NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and NT4], several other families of proteins have been shown to promote the ...
The Netrins Define a Family of Axon Outgrowth
... Floor plate cells have two long-range effects on commissural axons in vitro (Tessier-Lavigne et al., 1988; Placzek et al., 199Oa). First, they promote the outgrowth of these axons from explants of embryonic dorsal spinal cord into collagen gels. Second, they attract commissural axons by reorienting ...
... Floor plate cells have two long-range effects on commissural axons in vitro (Tessier-Lavigne et al., 1988; Placzek et al., 199Oa). First, they promote the outgrowth of these axons from explants of embryonic dorsal spinal cord into collagen gels. Second, they attract commissural axons by reorienting ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... the dominant frequencies of these oscillations depend on the functional state of the brain. Normal oscillatory activities include slow (0.1-15 Hz, present mainly during slow-wave sleep or anesthesia), fast (20-60 Hz) and ultra-fast (100-600 Hz) activities. The fast and ultra-fast activities may be p ...
... the dominant frequencies of these oscillations depend on the functional state of the brain. Normal oscillatory activities include slow (0.1-15 Hz, present mainly during slow-wave sleep or anesthesia), fast (20-60 Hz) and ultra-fast (100-600 Hz) activities. The fast and ultra-fast activities may be p ...
I. MITRAL CELLS OF THE OLFACTORY BULB OF THE LIZARD S. Llahi,
... the mitral cell layer of the AOB is worse defined than that of the MOB. Neither in the olfactory bulb of teleosts (Oka, 1983) and turtles (Orrego, 1961) nor in the AOB of mammals (Lohman and Lammers, 1967) the mitral cell layer shows clearcut boundaries. Mitral cell layer of both olfactory areas are ...
... the mitral cell layer of the AOB is worse defined than that of the MOB. Neither in the olfactory bulb of teleosts (Oka, 1983) and turtles (Orrego, 1961) nor in the AOB of mammals (Lohman and Lammers, 1967) the mitral cell layer shows clearcut boundaries. Mitral cell layer of both olfactory areas are ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... Green 488 BAPTA-1 AM (Molecular Probes #O-6807) diluted in neurobasal medium at 37°C for 1 hour. Slices were then washed three times in DMEM/10% FBS medium and cultured on gel matrix (1 mg/ml)-coated glass bottom microwell petri dishes (MatTek) overnight. Labeled neurons in the intermediate zone of ...
... Green 488 BAPTA-1 AM (Molecular Probes #O-6807) diluted in neurobasal medium at 37°C for 1 hour. Slices were then washed three times in DMEM/10% FBS medium and cultured on gel matrix (1 mg/ml)-coated glass bottom microwell petri dishes (MatTek) overnight. Labeled neurons in the intermediate zone of ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.