Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... responses could be induced by infusions of concentrated solutions containing membrane-impermeable solutes, which extract water from cells, but not by infusions of solutes that readily equilibrate across the cell membrane (such as urea). Verney coined the term osmoreceptor to designate the specialize ...
... responses could be induced by infusions of concentrated solutions containing membrane-impermeable solutes, which extract water from cells, but not by infusions of solutes that readily equilibrate across the cell membrane (such as urea). Verney coined the term osmoreceptor to designate the specialize ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance
... disrupted these fascicles, resulting in a tendency of individual axons to change fascicles on their way from the periphery to the center of the eye (Bastmeyer et al. 1995). It remains to be determined whether the disruption of fascicles results in pathfinding errors of these retinal ganglion axons i ...
... disrupted these fascicles, resulting in a tendency of individual axons to change fascicles on their way from the periphery to the center of the eye (Bastmeyer et al. 1995). It remains to be determined whether the disruption of fascicles results in pathfinding errors of these retinal ganglion axons i ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig
... results from the fact that from the secondary dendrites there arise a few relatively long dendritic branches nearly from the same place. These dendritic branches follow a wavy route and after some distance may divide once again. The primary and secondary dendrites are smooth without any protrusions ...
... results from the fact that from the secondary dendrites there arise a few relatively long dendritic branches nearly from the same place. These dendritic branches follow a wavy route and after some distance may divide once again. The primary and secondary dendrites are smooth without any protrusions ...
04 narc John neuron
... NREM sleep; they exhibited very low discharge rates or complete cessation of activity throughout REM sleep (Figure 2A; Table 1). REM sleep firing rates were significantly lower than AW firing rates (t ⫽ 5.7; df ⫽ 13; p ⬍ 0.01; Bonferroni t test). The average activity rates in both REM sleep (t ⫽ 2.7 ...
... NREM sleep; they exhibited very low discharge rates or complete cessation of activity throughout REM sleep (Figure 2A; Table 1). REM sleep firing rates were significantly lower than AW firing rates (t ⫽ 5.7; df ⫽ 13; p ⬍ 0.01; Bonferroni t test). The average activity rates in both REM sleep (t ⫽ 2.7 ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... by which the olfactory system encodes and processes information from odorant stimuli have been proposed (Moulton and Beidler, 1967; Beets, 1970; Davies, 1971; Shepherd, 1972; Moulton, 1976). Several of these theories assume the existence of a spatially organized projection of receptor neurons onto t ...
... by which the olfactory system encodes and processes information from odorant stimuli have been proposed (Moulton and Beidler, 1967; Beets, 1970; Davies, 1971; Shepherd, 1972; Moulton, 1976). Several of these theories assume the existence of a spatially organized projection of receptor neurons onto t ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
1. Materials and Methods
... The first category of neurons was characterized by the fact that responses when the vision and the sound of the action were presented together (V+S) did not differ from those obtained during the separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fe ...
... The first category of neurons was characterized by the fact that responses when the vision and the sound of the action were presented together (V+S) did not differ from those obtained during the separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fe ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... strategies, a random set of four arms was initially available to the rat. When these four arms had been visited, all eight arms were made available. After completion of each trial (eight correct arm choices) all arms were made inaccessible so that the animal had to wait at the center platform until ...
... strategies, a random set of four arms was initially available to the rat. When these four arms had been visited, all eight arms were made available. After completion of each trial (eight correct arm choices) all arms were made inaccessible so that the animal had to wait at the center platform until ...
link to pdf of article - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... In a nonspeech sequencing study in macaque monkeys, Averbeck et al. (2003) and Averbeck, Chafee, Crowe, and Georgopoulos (2002) recorded single-cell activity from the right hemisphere prefrontal cortex during a sequential shape copying task. These recording sites were within approximately 5 mm of th ...
... In a nonspeech sequencing study in macaque monkeys, Averbeck et al. (2003) and Averbeck, Chafee, Crowe, and Georgopoulos (2002) recorded single-cell activity from the right hemisphere prefrontal cortex during a sequential shape copying task. These recording sites were within approximately 5 mm of th ...
AANEM Glossary of Terms in Neuromuscular
... potentials after cessation of voluntary activation, for example in myotonia. afterpotential The membrane potential between the end of the spike and the time when the membrane potential is restored to its resting value. The membrane during this period may be depolarized or hyperpolarized at different ...
... potentials after cessation of voluntary activation, for example in myotonia. afterpotential The membrane potential between the end of the spike and the time when the membrane potential is restored to its resting value. The membrane during this period may be depolarized or hyperpolarized at different ...
propofol alters vesicular transport in rat cortical neuronal cultures
... contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite stretching out to the right. Cortical cell cultures in CCM were observed for 5 min, then exposed to 2 µM propofol 10 seconds before time 0 and further observed for 10 min. Part of the neurite (within the inset box) is shown as tim ...
... contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite stretching out to the right. Cortical cell cultures in CCM were observed for 5 min, then exposed to 2 µM propofol 10 seconds before time 0 and further observed for 10 min. Part of the neurite (within the inset box) is shown as tim ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
... 0031-9333/15 Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society ...
... 0031-9333/15 Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... the average action potential amplitude was 82 f 9 mV (means ? SD). The mean resting membrane potential, with no current applied and determined on exit from these neurons was 64 f 8 mV (n = 42, as this could not be obtained for penetrations which were lost suddenly in the presence of steady current). ...
... the average action potential amplitude was 82 f 9 mV (means ? SD). The mean resting membrane potential, with no current applied and determined on exit from these neurons was 64 f 8 mV (n = 42, as this could not be obtained for penetrations which were lost suddenly in the presence of steady current). ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... small timescales such as the bin (2–4 ms) used for the operant conditioning in our study (Sakurai and Takahashi, 2013), whereas in the motor cortex synchrony could be best functional at longer timescales such as that of low gamma oscillations. This assumption is apparently supported by the result of ...
... small timescales such as the bin (2–4 ms) used for the operant conditioning in our study (Sakurai and Takahashi, 2013), whereas in the motor cortex synchrony could be best functional at longer timescales such as that of low gamma oscillations. This assumption is apparently supported by the result of ...
Using calcium imaging to understand function and learning in L2/3
... neurons that correlated strongly with spontaneous firing rate. This correlation indicates that a major component of responsiveness is independent of experimental stimulus choice. The distribution of responsivity w ...
... neurons that correlated strongly with spontaneous firing rate. This correlation indicates that a major component of responsiveness is independent of experimental stimulus choice. The distribution of responsivity w ...
Clones in the chick diencephalon contain multiple
... patterns of expression. However, genes investigated thus far are generally not expressed within morphologically or physiologically defined areas. Lineage analysis in the telencephalon has demonstrated that siblings spread over great distances to give rise to neurons in functionally and anatomically ...
... patterns of expression. However, genes investigated thus far are generally not expressed within morphologically or physiologically defined areas. Lineage analysis in the telencephalon has demonstrated that siblings spread over great distances to give rise to neurons in functionally and anatomically ...
Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... The number of neurons in a cortical column has been previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 0 ...
... The number of neurons in a cortical column has been previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 0 ...
ChennWalshCeCortexJu..
... apparently distinct from the underlying striatum (Figs 3 and 4), in a region similar to the position normally occupied by the subventricular zone. In some sections, these aggregations of neurons appears separate and distinct from the overlying cerebral cortex (Figs 3A,B and 4D,E,G) although, in othe ...
... apparently distinct from the underlying striatum (Figs 3 and 4), in a region similar to the position normally occupied by the subventricular zone. In some sections, these aggregations of neurons appears separate and distinct from the overlying cerebral cortex (Figs 3A,B and 4D,E,G) although, in othe ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... our understanding of how newborn neurons reach their final positions in the developing cerebral cortex. The migratory routes and modes of migration are more diverse and complex than previously thought. The finding that cortical interneurons migrate to the cortex from origins in the ventral telenceph ...
... our understanding of how newborn neurons reach their final positions in the developing cerebral cortex. The migratory routes and modes of migration are more diverse and complex than previously thought. The finding that cortical interneurons migrate to the cortex from origins in the ventral telenceph ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.