Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... sensory neurons. For neurons of the visual cortex, it occurs when a visual stimulus extends beyond a neuron's classical receptive field, reducing the neuron's firing rate. While several studies have been attributing the suppression effect on horizontal, long-range lateral or feedback connections, th ...
... sensory neurons. For neurons of the visual cortex, it occurs when a visual stimulus extends beyond a neuron's classical receptive field, reducing the neuron's firing rate. While several studies have been attributing the suppression effect on horizontal, long-range lateral or feedback connections, th ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... consolidation, as well as in response to injury. Such plasticity can occur across entire nervous systems as with the case of insect metamorphosis, in individual classes of neurons, or even at the level of a single neuron. A striking example of neuronal plasticity in C. elegans is the synaptic rewiri ...
... consolidation, as well as in response to injury. Such plasticity can occur across entire nervous systems as with the case of insect metamorphosis, in individual classes of neurons, or even at the level of a single neuron. A striking example of neuronal plasticity in C. elegans is the synaptic rewiri ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... warm-sensitive neurons form the predominant effector output from the preoptic region, controlling all thermoregulatory responses (i.e., heat loss, heat retention, and heat production). The majority (160%) of preoptic neurons are temperature insensitive (labeled as I in figure 3) and show little or n ...
... warm-sensitive neurons form the predominant effector output from the preoptic region, controlling all thermoregulatory responses (i.e., heat loss, heat retention, and heat production). The majority (160%) of preoptic neurons are temperature insensitive (labeled as I in figure 3) and show little or n ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... phosphate buffer (0.12 M, pH 7.2-7.4) that contained 6% sucrose. The tissue was serial-sectioned with a Vibratome so that sections for EM were 100 Nrn thick and spaced 300 pm apart. The intervening sections were either 30 or 40 pm-thick for LM autoradiography (Cowan et al., 1972: Edwards. 1972: Oliv ...
... phosphate buffer (0.12 M, pH 7.2-7.4) that contained 6% sucrose. The tissue was serial-sectioned with a Vibratome so that sections for EM were 100 Nrn thick and spaced 300 pm apart. The intervening sections were either 30 or 40 pm-thick for LM autoradiography (Cowan et al., 1972: Edwards. 1972: Oliv ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... additional theory is brought up later in the lab, students may get a sense of the connection between technology (instruments used to collect scientific data) and science. The Virtual Parkinson’s lab models the important combination of scientists sharing their research with the improvement of technol ...
... additional theory is brought up later in the lab, students may get a sense of the connection between technology (instruments used to collect scientific data) and science. The Virtual Parkinson’s lab models the important combination of scientists sharing their research with the improvement of technol ...
video slide - Course
... • The membrane potential of a cell can be measured APPLICATION Electrophysiologists use intracellular recording to measure the membrane potential of neurons and other cells. TECHNIQUE A microelectrode is made from a glass capillary tube filled with an electrically conductive salt solution. One end ...
... • The membrane potential of a cell can be measured APPLICATION Electrophysiologists use intracellular recording to measure the membrane potential of neurons and other cells. TECHNIQUE A microelectrode is made from a glass capillary tube filled with an electrically conductive salt solution. One end ...
Notch resolves mixed neural identities in the
... Upon binding by ligands from the DSL family (for Delta, Serrate, Lag2), Notch is proteolyzed and its intracellular domain (Notchintra) translocates to the nucleus, where, together with co-factors, it activates transcription (Bray, 2006). Notch is required at several stages during neural development ...
... Upon binding by ligands from the DSL family (for Delta, Serrate, Lag2), Notch is proteolyzed and its intracellular domain (Notchintra) translocates to the nucleus, where, together with co-factors, it activates transcription (Bray, 2006). Notch is required at several stages during neural development ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... trials were recorded as control data. Starting from the 51st trial, a single electrical pulse was delivered to the primary auditory cortex 500 ms before the onset of the first tone burst. After 250 trials, the ES stopped but the tone bursts were continuously delivered until the ES-evoked changes in ...
... trials were recorded as control data. Starting from the 51st trial, a single electrical pulse was delivered to the primary auditory cortex 500 ms before the onset of the first tone burst. After 250 trials, the ES stopped but the tone bursts were continuously delivered until the ES-evoked changes in ...
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... GABAA and glycine receptors, CCCs also show close interactions with glutamatergic signaling. A crosstalk among CCCs and trophic factors is important in short-term and long-term modification of neuronal properties. CCCs appear to be multifunctional proteins that are also involved in shaping neuronal ...
... GABAA and glycine receptors, CCCs also show close interactions with glutamatergic signaling. A crosstalk among CCCs and trophic factors is important in short-term and long-term modification of neuronal properties. CCCs appear to be multifunctional proteins that are also involved in shaping neuronal ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... to superficial V1. Notably, this circuit is anatomically segregated from the retino-geniculo-cortical pathway carrying non-directiontuned visual information to deeper layers of V1, such as layer 4. Thus, the mouse harbours several functionally specialized, parallel retinogeniculo-cortical pathways, ...
... to superficial V1. Notably, this circuit is anatomically segregated from the retino-geniculo-cortical pathway carrying non-directiontuned visual information to deeper layers of V1, such as layer 4. Thus, the mouse harbours several functionally specialized, parallel retinogeniculo-cortical pathways, ...
Simulation of signal flow in 3D reconstructions of an anatomically
... At present, observations of neuronal ensemble activity in the cortex, by optical or multi-electrode techniques, are limited. An alternative, reverse engineering approach is to reconstruct anatomically realistic neural circuits, to populate these circuits with measured spike activities and finally, t ...
... At present, observations of neuronal ensemble activity in the cortex, by optical or multi-electrode techniques, are limited. An alternative, reverse engineering approach is to reconstruct anatomically realistic neural circuits, to populate these circuits with measured spike activities and finally, t ...
Hasselmo M.E. (2007) Arc length coding by interference of
... versus right trials in either the sample or the choice phase or possibly both (Hasselmo and Eichenbaum, 2005; Hasselmo, 2005b). As shown in Figure 4A, the pattern of activity in many neurons in the DNMP task did not seem to correspond to the pattern seen in the continuous spatial alternation task (G ...
... versus right trials in either the sample or the choice phase or possibly both (Hasselmo and Eichenbaum, 2005; Hasselmo, 2005b). As shown in Figure 4A, the pattern of activity in many neurons in the DNMP task did not seem to correspond to the pattern seen in the continuous spatial alternation task (G ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... demonstrated the ability to directly modulate and enhance specific patterns of synchrony of many neurons in somewhat broad ranges, which may be related to several motor functions of the brain. On the other hand, it is desirable to directly demonstrate operant enhancement of firing synchrony among i ...
... demonstrated the ability to directly modulate and enhance specific patterns of synchrony of many neurons in somewhat broad ranges, which may be related to several motor functions of the brain. On the other hand, it is desirable to directly demonstrate operant enhancement of firing synchrony among i ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... facilitate the ability of these processes to initiate synapse formation (A). Recognition that axons are in the correct receptive field is corroborated by CAMs, including members of the cadherin and protocadherin superfamilies, during initial contact between axons and dendrites (B). The presence of a ...
... facilitate the ability of these processes to initiate synapse formation (A). Recognition that axons are in the correct receptive field is corroborated by CAMs, including members of the cadherin and protocadherin superfamilies, during initial contact between axons and dendrites (B). The presence of a ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... important population of cells involved in the modulation of critical period of auditory plasticity and implicated in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (Beasley and Reynolds, 1997; de Villers-Sidani et al., 2008). SST-expressing neurons, on the other hand, comprise ∼30% of the cortical inh ...
... important population of cells involved in the modulation of critical period of auditory plasticity and implicated in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (Beasley and Reynolds, 1997; de Villers-Sidani et al., 2008). SST-expressing neurons, on the other hand, comprise ∼30% of the cortical inh ...
PDF
... the total cell count in a given preparation was more easily made using dark-field microscopy. Analyses of significance were made using standard methods (Stanley, 1963). Measurement of cell viability Method 1. This method requires the dissection of only a small number of ganglia at any given time and ...
... the total cell count in a given preparation was more easily made using dark-field microscopy. Analyses of significance were made using standard methods (Stanley, 1963). Measurement of cell viability Method 1. This method requires the dissection of only a small number of ganglia at any given time and ...
Schwann Cell Surfaces but Not Extracellular Matrix Organized by
... overnight. In some cases, laminin coverslips were pretreated with polyomithine (1 mg/ml in 0.15 M borate buffer for 30 min at room temperature). We also tested neurite behavior at a border between collagen and laminin substrate. Small (approximately 3-mm-diameter) collagen drops were air-dried on gl ...
... overnight. In some cases, laminin coverslips were pretreated with polyomithine (1 mg/ml in 0.15 M borate buffer for 30 min at room temperature). We also tested neurite behavior at a border between collagen and laminin substrate. Small (approximately 3-mm-diameter) collagen drops were air-dried on gl ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... facilitate the ability of these processes to initiate synapse formation (A). Recognition that axons are in the correct receptive field is corroborated by CAMs, including members of the cadherin and protocadherin superfamilies, during initial contact between axons and dendrites (B). The presence of a ...
... facilitate the ability of these processes to initiate synapse formation (A). Recognition that axons are in the correct receptive field is corroborated by CAMs, including members of the cadherin and protocadherin superfamilies, during initial contact between axons and dendrites (B). The presence of a ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 40.1 Periodic activation in sleep cycles
... of slow wave sleep and the tonic (transmission) mode typical of waking. Traces show recordings in the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat along with simultaneous EEG from the occipital cortex. The top 7 traces show burst firing during sleep and the resultant synchronized lowfrequenc ...
... of slow wave sleep and the tonic (transmission) mode typical of waking. Traces show recordings in the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat along with simultaneous EEG from the occipital cortex. The top 7 traces show burst firing during sleep and the resultant synchronized lowfrequenc ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... CRRN activity was electrically isolated and amplified through a preamplifier (model P511K, Grass Instruments) and displayed on the storage oscilloscope described above. Single units were identified by using the criterion of spikeamplitude uniformity. Protocol. A recording microelectrode held in a mi ...
... CRRN activity was electrically isolated and amplified through a preamplifier (model P511K, Grass Instruments) and displayed on the storage oscilloscope described above. Single units were identified by using the criterion of spikeamplitude uniformity. Protocol. A recording microelectrode held in a mi ...
Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Nervous System
... Acidic and basic FGF appear to be the most abundant mitogenic factors extracted from adult brain (Thomas, 1987) but the specificfunction in vivo and the preciserelative distribution of these2 membersof the FGF-family in adult nervous tissue are presently not well understood. Both aFGF and bFGF, for ...
... Acidic and basic FGF appear to be the most abundant mitogenic factors extracted from adult brain (Thomas, 1987) but the specificfunction in vivo and the preciserelative distribution of these2 membersof the FGF-family in adult nervous tissue are presently not well understood. Both aFGF and bFGF, for ...
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic
... Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece ...
... Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece ...
Clonal heterogeneity in the germinal zone of the
... titer that resulted in an average of less than one retrovirally labeled clone per analyzed brain hemisphere. In our analysis, a clone was defined as a spatially distinct cluster of retrovirally labeled cells (confined within 110 µm in the circumferential and rostrocaudal axes). Those few hemispheres ...
... titer that resulted in an average of less than one retrovirally labeled clone per analyzed brain hemisphere. In our analysis, a clone was defined as a spatially distinct cluster of retrovirally labeled cells (confined within 110 µm in the circumferential and rostrocaudal axes). Those few hemispheres ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.