A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... stereotaxic coordinates in relation to bregma: 2.9 –3.0 mm posterior, 1.2 mm lateral, and 4.6 – 4.7 mm below brain surface (5 mice were Figure 1. In vivo electrophysiological recording and classification of single units. A, Illustration of the representative placement implanted in the left SNr; 5 in ...
... stereotaxic coordinates in relation to bregma: 2.9 –3.0 mm posterior, 1.2 mm lateral, and 4.6 – 4.7 mm below brain surface (5 mice were Figure 1. In vivo electrophysiological recording and classification of single units. A, Illustration of the representative placement implanted in the left SNr; 5 in ...
PDF
... Background: Ventral root avulsion is a proximal nerve root lesion in which ventral motor nerve rootlets are torn from surface of the spinal cord, resulting in extensive death of motoneurons. It has been previously shown that if such lesioning is performed in an animal with experimental autoimmune en ...
... Background: Ventral root avulsion is a proximal nerve root lesion in which ventral motor nerve rootlets are torn from surface of the spinal cord, resulting in extensive death of motoneurons. It has been previously shown that if such lesioning is performed in an animal with experimental autoimmune en ...
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic
... Background: Ventral root avulsion is a proximal nerve root lesion in which ventral motor nerve rootlets are torn from surface of the spinal cord, resulting in extensive death of motoneurons. It has been previously shown that if such lesioning is performed in an animal with experimental autoimmune en ...
... Background: Ventral root avulsion is a proximal nerve root lesion in which ventral motor nerve rootlets are torn from surface of the spinal cord, resulting in extensive death of motoneurons. It has been previously shown that if such lesioning is performed in an animal with experimental autoimmune en ...
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... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
Stereological estimation of dendritic coverage in the capybara SCG
... Discussion and Conclusion In the present article we showed how to assess quantitatively the axon-dendritic synapses in capybara SCG. The focus was on synapse size and the size (%) of dendrite occupied by synaptic axon profiles by using a combination of electron-immunohistochemical labelling for syna ...
... Discussion and Conclusion In the present article we showed how to assess quantitatively the axon-dendritic synapses in capybara SCG. The focus was on synapse size and the size (%) of dendrite occupied by synaptic axon profiles by using a combination of electron-immunohistochemical labelling for syna ...
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... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
Cerebellum. - Department of Physiology
... of potential input to a large number of PCs. Under the influence of training signals conveyed by CFs to the molecular layer (Fig. 32.4), PCs learn to detect specific patterns in their state vectors. This allows the PCs to classify the many patterns of state that occur at different times and under di ...
... of potential input to a large number of PCs. Under the influence of training signals conveyed by CFs to the molecular layer (Fig. 32.4), PCs learn to detect specific patterns in their state vectors. This allows the PCs to classify the many patterns of state that occur at different times and under di ...
PDF - Molecules and Cells
... (n = 4/5), but the neurons in the common oviduct always appeared alone (n = 5/5). In most preparations, we were unable to detect any EGFP in the uterus (n = 4/5). To better understand the function of these CG3542-ppk neurons, we examined their polarity using the pre-synaptic marker nsyb-EGFP (Zhang ...
... (n = 4/5), but the neurons in the common oviduct always appeared alone (n = 5/5). In most preparations, we were unable to detect any EGFP in the uterus (n = 4/5). To better understand the function of these CG3542-ppk neurons, we examined their polarity using the pre-synaptic marker nsyb-EGFP (Zhang ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... To motivate the thalamocortical model of analogy, let us first consider an abstract example which highlights two mechanisms that can together give rise to a simple form of analogy: completion andfiltering[27],[28].Completionisnecessaryforactivatingrepresentations related to a certain given input and ...
... To motivate the thalamocortical model of analogy, let us first consider an abstract example which highlights two mechanisms that can together give rise to a simple form of analogy: completion andfiltering[27],[28].Completionisnecessaryforactivatingrepresentations related to a certain given input and ...
1 MB - Columbia University
... et al., 2005; Takashima et al., 2007) but not in hot nociceptors (Kobayashi et al., 2005), these results suggest that the coding of temperature may be orchestrated by the activity of dedicated cell types, each tuned to respond to a defined temperature range (Lumpkin and Caterina, 2007). ...
... et al., 2005; Takashima et al., 2007) but not in hot nociceptors (Kobayashi et al., 2005), these results suggest that the coding of temperature may be orchestrated by the activity of dedicated cell types, each tuned to respond to a defined temperature range (Lumpkin and Caterina, 2007). ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... A reminder on the Hodgkin-Huxley model • Hodgkin & Huxley (1952): Study of the giant squid axon, measurement of the membrane potential under different stimulation currents + ionic channels hypothesis. ...
... A reminder on the Hodgkin-Huxley model • Hodgkin & Huxley (1952): Study of the giant squid axon, measurement of the membrane potential under different stimulation currents + ionic channels hypothesis. ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... pins were embedded in dental acrylic. In 12 animals, bipolar recording electrodes (stainless steel Formvar-insulated wires, 120 pm in diameter) were implanted in 8 holes over the right hemisphere, using the same coordinates described above. One electrode tip lay on the surface of the dura, while the ...
... pins were embedded in dental acrylic. In 12 animals, bipolar recording electrodes (stainless steel Formvar-insulated wires, 120 pm in diameter) were implanted in 8 holes over the right hemisphere, using the same coordinates described above. One electrode tip lay on the surface of the dura, while the ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... neurons. Another plausible method seems to be the use of proteins of the neurotrophin family, since 1 ng/ml BDNF in the culture medium has been reported to enhance the survival of rat motor neurons by 60% (Hughes et al. 1993). Therefore, we used the mentioned concentration of BDNF to support the VHN ...
... neurons. Another plausible method seems to be the use of proteins of the neurotrophin family, since 1 ng/ml BDNF in the culture medium has been reported to enhance the survival of rat motor neurons by 60% (Hughes et al. 1993). Therefore, we used the mentioned concentration of BDNF to support the VHN ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... rates, synaptic currents and membrane potentials) has nevertheless been used as a proxy for the LFP when comparing with experiments. In a recent study comparing different candidate proxies, it was found that a suitably chosen sum of synaptic currents could provide a good LFP proxy, but only for the ...
... rates, synaptic currents and membrane potentials) has nevertheless been used as a proxy for the LFP when comparing with experiments. In a recent study comparing different candidate proxies, it was found that a suitably chosen sum of synaptic currents could provide a good LFP proxy, but only for the ...
Neuronal Control of Mucus Secretion by Leeches: Toward a General
... that the Retzius cell controls the secretory secretion of copious mucus. Intravenous adprocess without synaptic transfers within ministration of serotonin to dogs stimulates the central nervous system, because the only the secretion of so large a volume of G-I axons in the ganglionic roots containin ...
... that the Retzius cell controls the secretory secretion of copious mucus. Intravenous adprocess without synaptic transfers within ministration of serotonin to dogs stimulates the central nervous system, because the only the secretion of so large a volume of G-I axons in the ganglionic roots containin ...
Building silicon nervous systems with dendritic tree neuromorphs
... It is clear from a growing body of physiological work on neurons from many areas of the brain that dendritic membranes contain ionic channels that are voltage−dependent or influenced by intracellular second messenger systems [Hille, 1992]. Such mechanisms allow for non−linear operations, such as the ...
... It is clear from a growing body of physiological work on neurons from many areas of the brain that dendritic membranes contain ionic channels that are voltage−dependent or influenced by intracellular second messenger systems [Hille, 1992]. Such mechanisms allow for non−linear operations, such as the ...
Nature template
... 12. C. M. Gray, W. Singer, Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 1698-1702 (1989). 13. W. Singer, C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation ...
... 12. C. M. Gray, W. Singer, Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 1698-1702 (1989). 13. W. Singer, C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation ...
HLH-14 is a C. elegans Achaete-Scute protein that
... Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play integral roles in a number of developmental processes, including neurogenesis. Neural bHLH proteins have been characterized in organisms as diverse as nematodes, flies and vertebrates. These factors can assume a variety of tasks, depending upo ...
... Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play integral roles in a number of developmental processes, including neurogenesis. Neural bHLH proteins have been characterized in organisms as diverse as nematodes, flies and vertebrates. These factors can assume a variety of tasks, depending upo ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Unipolar neurons have dendrites and an axon fused together to form a continuous process—they are found in certain sensory receptors of the skin. Neuronal processes = dendrites and axons. ...
... Unipolar neurons have dendrites and an axon fused together to form a continuous process—they are found in certain sensory receptors of the skin. Neuronal processes = dendrites and axons. ...
A Functional Role for Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis during Axonal
... medium (maintained between 36.5 and 38°C). Axons were cut using a glass capillary microelectrode pulled to a sharp closed tip on a Sutter P-97 puller. In most cases, the remaining proximal portion of the axon as well as the cell body were moved ⱖ200 m from the distal axon with the capillary needle. ...
... medium (maintained between 36.5 and 38°C). Axons were cut using a glass capillary microelectrode pulled to a sharp closed tip on a Sutter P-97 puller. In most cases, the remaining proximal portion of the axon as well as the cell body were moved ⱖ200 m from the distal axon with the capillary needle. ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... columnar in the traditional sense; i.e., the response property is not conserved within a cortical column throughout all layers. The clustering of neurons with different ERF was further demonstrated quantitatively by measuring the absolute difference in S (|⌬S|) between any two recorded cells as a fu ...
... columnar in the traditional sense; i.e., the response property is not conserved within a cortical column throughout all layers. The clustering of neurons with different ERF was further demonstrated quantitatively by measuring the absolute difference in S (|⌬S|) between any two recorded cells as a fu ...
Mechanisms of Magnetic Stimulation of Central Nervous System
... area of interest in the brain. This magnetic field induces an electric field that modulates neuronal activity. The spatial distribution of the induced electric field is determined by the geometry and location of the coil relative to the brain. Although TMS has been used for several decades, the biop ...
... area of interest in the brain. This magnetic field induces an electric field that modulates neuronal activity. The spatial distribution of the induced electric field is determined by the geometry and location of the coil relative to the brain. Although TMS has been used for several decades, the biop ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.