The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... Firstly, it takes only a few days for an octopus to adapt to captivity. This adaptation, or acclimatization, can easily be perceived by humans, as it involves a clear transition from a frightened, hiding octopus to a pet-like animal that behaves in a friendly way and attends to any event occurring i ...
... Firstly, it takes only a few days for an octopus to adapt to captivity. This adaptation, or acclimatization, can easily be perceived by humans, as it involves a clear transition from a frightened, hiding octopus to a pet-like animal that behaves in a friendly way and attends to any event occurring i ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... change their response behavior during olfactory learning. In the honeybee MB, the individual, identi®ed MB output neuron, PE1, undergoes modulations of its odor responses, which are speci®c for associative and nonassociative stimulus paradigms (Mauelshagen 1993). A single conditioning trial results ...
... change their response behavior during olfactory learning. In the honeybee MB, the individual, identi®ed MB output neuron, PE1, undergoes modulations of its odor responses, which are speci®c for associative and nonassociative stimulus paradigms (Mauelshagen 1993). A single conditioning trial results ...
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene
... extracted by numerical integration of the scanning photocurrent profiles along the dashed lines shown in Fig. 2D and H.29 The results shown in Fig. 4A reveal that for the case with dehydrated retina, potential gradients of graphene only exist near the gold electrodes, which are induced by two back-t ...
... extracted by numerical integration of the scanning photocurrent profiles along the dashed lines shown in Fig. 2D and H.29 The results shown in Fig. 4A reveal that for the case with dehydrated retina, potential gradients of graphene only exist near the gold electrodes, which are induced by two back-t ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanes ...
... cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanes ...
morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated
... study was to determine the effect of prenatal hydrocortisone exposure on cell viability and cell morphology in chick embryonic neurons. Four different histological staining techniques namely, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Cresyl Fast Violet, Silver impregnation and a combination of Gold Chloride and ...
... study was to determine the effect of prenatal hydrocortisone exposure on cell viability and cell morphology in chick embryonic neurons. Four different histological staining techniques namely, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Cresyl Fast Violet, Silver impregnation and a combination of Gold Chloride and ...
Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry Counters the
... It is thought that the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol ...
... It is thought that the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol ...
Structural changes of the human superior cervical
... Apoptotic gl/n – apoptotic glial cells around nonapoptotic neuron; normal gl/n – normal glial cells around nonapoptotic neuron. TUNEL method. and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adult body (14). Apoptosis, the morphological expression of programmed cell death, is a genetically regulated ...
... Apoptotic gl/n – apoptotic glial cells around nonapoptotic neuron; normal gl/n – normal glial cells around nonapoptotic neuron. TUNEL method. and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adult body (14). Apoptosis, the morphological expression of programmed cell death, is a genetically regulated ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... Individual reticulospinal neurons (RS neuron) were recorded from different reticular nuclei [the mesencephalic reticular nucleus (MRN ) and the anterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (ARRN ), middle rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (MRRN ), and posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (PRRN ...
... Individual reticulospinal neurons (RS neuron) were recorded from different reticular nuclei [the mesencephalic reticular nucleus (MRN ) and the anterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (ARRN ), middle rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (MRRN ), and posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (PRRN ...
A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in
... part of the net. The second concerns learning, in which activities concurrent at some previous time have altered the net permanently, so that a stimulus which would previously have been inadequate is now adequate. But for nets undergoing both alterations, we can substitute equivalent fictitious nets ...
... part of the net. The second concerns learning, in which activities concurrent at some previous time have altered the net permanently, so that a stimulus which would previously have been inadequate is now adequate. But for nets undergoing both alterations, we can substitute equivalent fictitious nets ...
The PLAT domain of LOV-1 interacts with ATP-2 to
... The nematode C. elegans is a simple but powerful animal model for studying basic molecular mechanisms underlying human ADPKD. The C. elegans LOV-1 and PKD-2 proteins are homologues of human PC-1 and PC-2 (Barr and Sternberg, 1999; Barr et al., 2001). lov-1 (location of vulva) and pkd-2 act nonredund ...
... The nematode C. elegans is a simple but powerful animal model for studying basic molecular mechanisms underlying human ADPKD. The C. elegans LOV-1 and PKD-2 proteins are homologues of human PC-1 and PC-2 (Barr and Sternberg, 1999; Barr et al., 2001). lov-1 (location of vulva) and pkd-2 act nonredund ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... before they can influence neuronal output. Dendrites behave rather like leaky electrical cables, however, in that they filter electrical signals passing through them. As a consequence, when they arrive at the soma, synaptic potentials generated by inputs in the distal dendrites will have been attenu ...
... before they can influence neuronal output. Dendrites behave rather like leaky electrical cables, however, in that they filter electrical signals passing through them. As a consequence, when they arrive at the soma, synaptic potentials generated by inputs in the distal dendrites will have been attenu ...
Smell Prism - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
Information About Spatial View in an Ensemble of Primate
... area in an open 4 14 m laboratory in a chair on four wheels, which allowed it to face forward. Small pieces of food were placed in three of the four cups (c1–c4) shown in Fig. 1 from time to time during the experiment and also were scattered sometimes on the floor to ensure that the monkey explored ...
... area in an open 4 14 m laboratory in a chair on four wheels, which allowed it to face forward. Small pieces of food were placed in three of the four cups (c1–c4) shown in Fig. 1 from time to time during the experiment and also were scattered sometimes on the floor to ensure that the monkey explored ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... activity, propagating in volleys through the sparsely ®ring cortical neural network, presents a natural explanation for the observed precise spatio-temporal ®ring patterns. According to this model, the cortical network can locally be described as a sequence of groups of neurons, connected in a feed- ...
... activity, propagating in volleys through the sparsely ®ring cortical neural network, presents a natural explanation for the observed precise spatio-temporal ®ring patterns. According to this model, the cortical network can locally be described as a sequence of groups of neurons, connected in a feed- ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... There are two distinct classes of invasive brain-machine interfacing approaches. The first uses composite neurophysiological signals such as local or epicortical field potentials that represent the spatially averaged synaptic input to neurons within a small volume around the electrode tip [3], [14]– ...
... There are two distinct classes of invasive brain-machine interfacing approaches. The first uses composite neurophysiological signals such as local or epicortical field potentials that represent the spatially averaged synaptic input to neurons within a small volume around the electrode tip [3], [14]– ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... spike train SSRM that is compared with the reference spike train, Ncoinc is the number of coincidences with precision between the two spike trains, and Ncoinc = 2ν Ndata is the expected number of coincidences generated by a homogeneous Poisson process with the same rate ν as the spike train SSR ...
... spike train SSRM that is compared with the reference spike train, Ncoinc is the number of coincidences with precision between the two spike trains, and Ncoinc = 2ν Ndata is the expected number of coincidences generated by a homogeneous Poisson process with the same rate ν as the spike train SSR ...
PDF
... stages that approximate initial and late periods of cortical neuronal differentiation. At E13.5, Gde2–/– mutants showed an ~50% decrease of layer VI Tbr1+ neurons during the peak period of layer VI neurogenesis (Fig. 2A,A⬘,G). By E17.5, however, the numbers of Tbr1+ neurons had recovered to WT level ...
... stages that approximate initial and late periods of cortical neuronal differentiation. At E13.5, Gde2–/– mutants showed an ~50% decrease of layer VI Tbr1+ neurons during the peak period of layer VI neurogenesis (Fig. 2A,A⬘,G). By E17.5, however, the numbers of Tbr1+ neurons had recovered to WT level ...
OSBP coupled with ER-resident protein FAN is essential
... CCAP-Gal4 showed complete penetrance of post-eclosion behavioral defects, including unexpanded wings and thorax (MA et al. 2010). CCAP-Gal4 is activated in a set of neuroendocrine CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons (ZHAO et al. 2008). The main role of CCAP neurons is to secrete the neur ...
... CCAP-Gal4 showed complete penetrance of post-eclosion behavioral defects, including unexpanded wings and thorax (MA et al. 2010). CCAP-Gal4 is activated in a set of neuroendocrine CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons (ZHAO et al. 2008). The main role of CCAP neurons is to secrete the neur ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... After a survival time of 17 hr the animal was killed with an overdose of Nembutal (80 mg/kg body weight) and transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline (35°C) followed by 2% PFA/l% GA in 0.1 M PB. The brain was immersed in 10% sucrose in 0.1 M PB and transferred to 30% sucrose for 4 d. The brainstem w ...
... After a survival time of 17 hr the animal was killed with an overdose of Nembutal (80 mg/kg body weight) and transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline (35°C) followed by 2% PFA/l% GA in 0.1 M PB. The brain was immersed in 10% sucrose in 0.1 M PB and transferred to 30% sucrose for 4 d. The brainstem w ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neuronal architecture has been described in several insects and the behavioral role investigated in various experiments, the exact function of this neuropil has proven e ...
... substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neuronal architecture has been described in several insects and the behavioral role investigated in various experiments, the exact function of this neuropil has proven e ...
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
Specification of Cerebral Cortical Areas
... across the fetal cerebral wall from the beginning of corticogenesis but are most prominent during midgestation when many of them temporarily stop dividing (13). During the migratory period, cohorts of cells originating in individual proliferative units follow a radial pathway consisting of a single ...
... across the fetal cerebral wall from the beginning of corticogenesis but are most prominent during midgestation when many of them temporarily stop dividing (13). During the migratory period, cohorts of cells originating in individual proliferative units follow a radial pathway consisting of a single ...
found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... kingdom. Several navigational strategies are used by animals, among them maplike navigation (1). This strategy relies on a set of brain structures, at the hub of which is the hippocampus (1, 2). This brain area contains “place cells,” neurons that activate when the animal enters a restricted region ...
... kingdom. Several navigational strategies are used by animals, among them maplike navigation (1). This strategy relies on a set of brain structures, at the hub of which is the hippocampus (1, 2). This brain area contains “place cells,” neurons that activate when the animal enters a restricted region ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.