Smell and Taste
... Olfactory epithelium with olfactory receptors, supporting cells, basal cells Olfactory receptors are modified neurons Surfaces are coated with secretions from olfactory glands Olfactory reception involves detecting dissolved chemicals as they interact with odorant binding proteins ...
... Olfactory epithelium with olfactory receptors, supporting cells, basal cells Olfactory receptors are modified neurons Surfaces are coated with secretions from olfactory glands Olfactory reception involves detecting dissolved chemicals as they interact with odorant binding proteins ...
The Cerebellum
... → medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor nuclei asociated with movement of eyeball。 Function: involved in eyeball movements and maintain the balance of the body ...
... → medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor nuclei asociated with movement of eyeball。 Function: involved in eyeball movements and maintain the balance of the body ...
Emotions Lecture Notes Page
... (cranial nerve VII) controls the surface muscles involved with facial expression • The upper face receives both contralateral and ipsilateral input • The lower face receives only contralateral input • Conclusion: it’s easier to control movement of the lower face ...
... (cranial nerve VII) controls the surface muscles involved with facial expression • The upper face receives both contralateral and ipsilateral input • The lower face receives only contralateral input • Conclusion: it’s easier to control movement of the lower face ...
9.14 Lecture 16: Descending Pathways and Evolution Notes
... – Better distal control: • If monkey was strapped into a chair, it could grasp food objects with the whole hand ...
... – Better distal control: • If monkey was strapped into a chair, it could grasp food objects with the whole hand ...
Proper Performance and Interpretation
... Nerve conduction studies are one diagnostic test used by an electrodiagnostic physician. Nerve conduction studies are performed to assess the integrity and diagnose diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Specifically, they assess the speed (conduction velocity, and/or latency), size (amplitude), ...
... Nerve conduction studies are one diagnostic test used by an electrodiagnostic physician. Nerve conduction studies are performed to assess the integrity and diagnose diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Specifically, they assess the speed (conduction velocity, and/or latency), size (amplitude), ...
Title: Spasmodic Dysphonia like Presentation of Stiff Person
... spasms in her neck with a subjective feeling of impaired breathing. She described these spasms in correlation with pain in her shoulders and a constant contraction of the neck and lower back. She also developed a mild drooping of the left eyelid and occasional subjective difficulty when swallowing. ...
... spasms in her neck with a subjective feeling of impaired breathing. She described these spasms in correlation with pain in her shoulders and a constant contraction of the neck and lower back. She also developed a mild drooping of the left eyelid and occasional subjective difficulty when swallowing. ...
Autonomic
... Dependent on the states of the target organ Different physiological significance – Sympathetic nerve: fight and flight reaction – Parasympathetic nerve: Wind down, relaxation, ...
... Dependent on the states of the target organ Different physiological significance – Sympathetic nerve: fight and flight reaction – Parasympathetic nerve: Wind down, relaxation, ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... Action Potential Riddle Quiz Questions from the Synaptic Potentials & NTs Review? You may use your Synaptic Potentials & NTs Review as a resource while you take your Riddle Quiz today! Please take out 1 piece of notebook paper & label it “Action Potential Riddle Quiz”. Write your NAME, DATE & PER ...
... Action Potential Riddle Quiz Questions from the Synaptic Potentials & NTs Review? You may use your Synaptic Potentials & NTs Review as a resource while you take your Riddle Quiz today! Please take out 1 piece of notebook paper & label it “Action Potential Riddle Quiz”. Write your NAME, DATE & PER ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... “ …the word autonomic suggest a much greater degree of independence of the central nervous system than in fact exists” • Indeed, it was soon realised that ANS is under the control of centers in the brain 1. A variety of brainstem structures/nuclei are involved in visceral control. - Nucles Tractus ...
... “ …the word autonomic suggest a much greater degree of independence of the central nervous system than in fact exists” • Indeed, it was soon realised that ANS is under the control of centers in the brain 1. A variety of brainstem structures/nuclei are involved in visceral control. - Nucles Tractus ...
Therapeutic Restoration of Spinal Inhibition via
... (GABAARs) are ligand-gated chloride (Cl−) channels whose effect on membrane potential (Vm) depends on intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i). When GABAAR channels are opened, the Vm is pulled toward the Cl− equilibrium potential (ECl), which is determined by [Cl−]i and the extracellular Cl− concen ...
... (GABAARs) are ligand-gated chloride (Cl−) channels whose effect on membrane potential (Vm) depends on intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i). When GABAAR channels are opened, the Vm is pulled toward the Cl− equilibrium potential (ECl), which is determined by [Cl−]i and the extracellular Cl− concen ...
The Elementary Nervous System Revisited1
... vious decade and would continue to hold neuro-sensory cells and provided a means with little change until the end of his career for exciting the muscles locally, but they (Parker, 1946). The book presents a syn- also developed processes by which they thesis and critique of ideas and experi- communic ...
... vious decade and would continue to hold neuro-sensory cells and provided a means with little change until the end of his career for exciting the muscles locally, but they (Parker, 1946). The book presents a syn- also developed processes by which they thesis and critique of ideas and experi- communic ...
Quantity and Three-Dimensional Position of the Recurrent and
... Conclusions: Fluorolabeling is an effective tool to locate and quantify the LMNs of the RLN and SLN. The LMN positions and counts were consistent when FR was used in labeling of either the RLN or the SLN. Fluoro-Gold, however, because of its tendency to contaminate surrounding structures, can only b ...
... Conclusions: Fluorolabeling is an effective tool to locate and quantify the LMNs of the RLN and SLN. The LMN positions and counts were consistent when FR was used in labeling of either the RLN or the SLN. Fluoro-Gold, however, because of its tendency to contaminate surrounding structures, can only b ...
ANPS 019 Black 12-05
... One neurotransmitter (Ach) Myelinated axon innervates effector Innervate skeletal muscle Only active when stimulated ...
... One neurotransmitter (Ach) Myelinated axon innervates effector Innervate skeletal muscle Only active when stimulated ...
Pain
... Antrolateral system) for acute, localized pain Spinoreticular tract: (indirect pathway of the Antrolateral system) for chronic, dull pain ...
... Antrolateral system) for acute, localized pain Spinoreticular tract: (indirect pathway of the Antrolateral system) for chronic, dull pain ...
The SSEP on the ICU: current applications and pitfalls
... consciousness and had only minor disabilities1,15,16. These results show that absence of cortical SSEP responses is not a reliable predictor in TBI patients. The most likely explanation is that in head trauma, a transient N20 disappearance may be consecutive to focal midbrain dysfunction due to oede ...
... consciousness and had only minor disabilities1,15,16. These results show that absence of cortical SSEP responses is not a reliable predictor in TBI patients. The most likely explanation is that in head trauma, a transient N20 disappearance may be consecutive to focal midbrain dysfunction due to oede ...
cerebral cortex
... • It is about the areas of cerebral cortex, whose neurons emit impulses for muscle activity • their axons therefore continue into lower levels of CNS as descending (motor) pathways • Within the cerebral cortex, there are especially located specific control areas for functions controlling striated mu ...
... • It is about the areas of cerebral cortex, whose neurons emit impulses for muscle activity • their axons therefore continue into lower levels of CNS as descending (motor) pathways • Within the cerebral cortex, there are especially located specific control areas for functions controlling striated mu ...
4-CPG1
... sequenced pattern of impulses in a set of motor neurons without the necessity of any sensory input to provide timing information. A CPG consists of a set of central neurons (network) which provide the central pattern by their intrinsic properties and by their connectivity. ...
... sequenced pattern of impulses in a set of motor neurons without the necessity of any sensory input to provide timing information. A CPG consists of a set of central neurons (network) which provide the central pattern by their intrinsic properties and by their connectivity. ...
Articulatory bias in speech categorization: Evidence from use
... the large differences in error rates between conditions, we focused on d-prime and beta signal detection parameters (see Fig. 1C). The d-prime measure indicates the ability to distinguish between the two syllables, whereas the beta measure indexes possible response bias. Analysis of d-prime scores s ...
... the large differences in error rates between conditions, we focused on d-prime and beta signal detection parameters (see Fig. 1C). The d-prime measure indicates the ability to distinguish between the two syllables, whereas the beta measure indexes possible response bias. Analysis of d-prime scores s ...
Motor systems(W)
... two copies of the DMD gene, one derived from each parent • If a female has one DMD gene (i.e. heterozygous) she would be a carrier, but would not express the disease • For a male to be affected they only need one copy of the DMD gene, which must come from his mother • Since affected individuals die ...
... two copies of the DMD gene, one derived from each parent • If a female has one DMD gene (i.e. heterozygous) she would be a carrier, but would not express the disease • For a male to be affected they only need one copy of the DMD gene, which must come from his mother • Since affected individuals die ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Warm-Up • Name as many structures of the nervous system as you can • What do you think the major functions of the nervous system are? • Name one other body system and how you think it works with the nervous system ...
... Warm-Up • Name as many structures of the nervous system as you can • What do you think the major functions of the nervous system are? • Name one other body system and how you think it works with the nervous system ...
Nervous System Ch 9
... – Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally – Three main types of connective tissue cells of the CNS • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phago ...
... – Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally – Three main types of connective tissue cells of the CNS • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phago ...
Anterolateral Systems
... With extramedullary lesions, radicular pain is often prominent, and there is early sacral sensory loss (lateral spinothalamic tract) and spastic weakness in the legs (corticospinal tract) due to the superficial location of leg fibers in the corticospinal tract. Intramedullary lesions tend to pro ...
... With extramedullary lesions, radicular pain is often prominent, and there is early sacral sensory loss (lateral spinothalamic tract) and spastic weakness in the legs (corticospinal tract) due to the superficial location of leg fibers in the corticospinal tract. Intramedullary lesions tend to pro ...
MotorIntroV2
... • Organized around purposeful acts • Flexible input-output relationships – Limitless – Price to pay: whole brain ...
... • Organized around purposeful acts • Flexible input-output relationships – Limitless – Price to pay: whole brain ...
document
... to deep pressure, but are most sensitive to pulsing or vibrating stimuli, and adapt rapidly? a. Meissner’s corpuscles ...
... to deep pressure, but are most sensitive to pulsing or vibrating stimuli, and adapt rapidly? a. Meissner’s corpuscles ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.