Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... predicting how changes in extracellular concentrations will affect plasticity. This is particularly significant in the view that in vitro studies are typically done at higher concentrations than the ones measured in vivo. Using such a rule, with parameters fitting in vitro data, we explore how long ...
... predicting how changes in extracellular concentrations will affect plasticity. This is particularly significant in the view that in vitro studies are typically done at higher concentrations than the ones measured in vivo. Using such a rule, with parameters fitting in vitro data, we explore how long ...
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... Many factors contributed to this accomplishment. Most importantly I think was a great deal of luck. I was lucky enough to possess the capacity to learn easily and to come to a world with a variety of choices and little barriers for those eager to learn. Added to this came hard work , good advice and ...
... Many factors contributed to this accomplishment. Most importantly I think was a great deal of luck. I was lucky enough to possess the capacity to learn easily and to come to a world with a variety of choices and little barriers for those eager to learn. Added to this came hard work , good advice and ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... particular afferent pathway was found to be critical in shaping the synaptic responses of LAT neurons. METHODS ...
... particular afferent pathway was found to be critical in shaping the synaptic responses of LAT neurons. METHODS ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... which inhibitory synapses were distributed so that excitation and inhibition were balanced only on average across all channels, the peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) faithfully reproduced the firing rates of the preferred signals. The other, nonpreferred input signals evoked more inhibition than ex ...
... which inhibitory synapses were distributed so that excitation and inhibition were balanced only on average across all channels, the peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) faithfully reproduced the firing rates of the preferred signals. The other, nonpreferred input signals evoked more inhibition than ex ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... peak phrenic activity could only be compared for a subset of the preparations after some experimental perturbations. In these procedures, requiring extended times for completion, it was necessary to reposition the recording electrode periodically. Hence, changes in values of peak phrenic activity co ...
... peak phrenic activity could only be compared for a subset of the preparations after some experimental perturbations. In these procedures, requiring extended times for completion, it was necessary to reposition the recording electrode periodically. Hence, changes in values of peak phrenic activity co ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... and had a variable latency. These driven-spike responses were used to determine the receptive fields for individual neurons. The receptive field of a neuron was defined by the electrode position or positions on the lamina propria of the epithelium which, when stimulated, produced spikes on the leadi ...
... and had a variable latency. These driven-spike responses were used to determine the receptive fields for individual neurons. The receptive field of a neuron was defined by the electrode position or positions on the lamina propria of the epithelium which, when stimulated, produced spikes on the leadi ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... present in the anal bath; the effect of dimaprit and amthamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and thioperamide (1 mM) and the effect of R-a-methylhistamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and cimetidine (10 mM). The concentration of antagonists used were selected ...
... present in the anal bath; the effect of dimaprit and amthamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and thioperamide (1 mM) and the effect of R-a-methylhistamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and cimetidine (10 mM). The concentration of antagonists used were selected ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... been compiled in the developing and adult spinal cord (Romanes, 1964; Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b; Hollyday, 1980). Motor pools have been linked to three main features of motor organization. First, all neurons within a motor pool project to a single muscle target in the limb (Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b). ...
... been compiled in the developing and adult spinal cord (Romanes, 1964; Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b; Hollyday, 1980). Motor pools have been linked to three main features of motor organization. First, all neurons within a motor pool project to a single muscle target in the limb (Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b). ...
Spinal Cord Terminations of the Medial Wall Motor Areas in
... the intermediate zone, whereas those from the CMAv were concentrated in the dorsomedial region. Thus, the CMAd and CMAv may innervate distinct sets of interneurons that project directly to motoneurons, and thereby influence specific aspects of segmental motor control. These results suggest that cort ...
... the intermediate zone, whereas those from the CMAv were concentrated in the dorsomedial region. Thus, the CMAd and CMAv may innervate distinct sets of interneurons that project directly to motoneurons, and thereby influence specific aspects of segmental motor control. These results suggest that cort ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... hours. The changes of environment initiate the whole process. Firstly, different visual stimulus by light intensity drives the phase of ongoing brain oscillations. Meanwhile, the different aspects of the stimulus are encoded in various frequencies oscillations. Then, all these oscillations affect br ...
... hours. The changes of environment initiate the whole process. Firstly, different visual stimulus by light intensity drives the phase of ongoing brain oscillations. Meanwhile, the different aspects of the stimulus are encoded in various frequencies oscillations. Then, all these oscillations affect br ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... thereby evoking waves of activation in neurons through whose receptive fields they passed. Each region of the stimulated visual field was exposed to a flickering checkerboard pattern during one-half of the stimulus period and the neutral gray background during the other half. The stimulus waveform w ...
... thereby evoking waves of activation in neurons through whose receptive fields they passed. Each region of the stimulated visual field was exposed to a flickering checkerboard pattern during one-half of the stimulus period and the neutral gray background during the other half. The stimulus waveform w ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... In Helisoma trivolvis, we have previously analyzed feeding behavior in intact semitransparent newly hatched snails by video microscopy. Similar video microscopic analyses of feeding in semi-intact animals were made simultaneously with intracellular recordings from identified buccal neurons and with ...
... In Helisoma trivolvis, we have previously analyzed feeding behavior in intact semitransparent newly hatched snails by video microscopy. Similar video microscopic analyses of feeding in semi-intact animals were made simultaneously with intracellular recordings from identified buccal neurons and with ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... the migration of mammalian optic nerve oligodendrocyte precursors away from the optic chiasm is also mediated by repulsive Netrin-1 signaling [25]. Selected Drosophila glial subtypes, such as surface and cortex glia, can migrate in the absence of axonal contact [26–28], but the neuropil glia that ev ...
... the migration of mammalian optic nerve oligodendrocyte precursors away from the optic chiasm is also mediated by repulsive Netrin-1 signaling [25]. Selected Drosophila glial subtypes, such as surface and cortex glia, can migrate in the absence of axonal contact [26–28], but the neuropil glia that ev ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other proteins to the AIS and can interact with components in the different AIS regions. In the plasma membrane, AnkG through its N-terminal memb ...
... cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other proteins to the AIS and can interact with components in the different AIS regions. In the plasma membrane, AnkG through its N-terminal memb ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... they were not further considered in this study. Both bursting and regular-spiking neurons were typical projection neurons with pyramidal-shaped somata (Fig. 1B). The axonal arbors could be followed in some neurons, but quantitative analysis of projection areas was not feasible due to the frequent cu ...
... they were not further considered in this study. Both bursting and regular-spiking neurons were typical projection neurons with pyramidal-shaped somata (Fig. 1B). The axonal arbors could be followed in some neurons, but quantitative analysis of projection areas was not feasible due to the frequent cu ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis • Oligodendrocytes—form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS (Schwann cells form myelin sheaths in PNS only) 9 Mosby items and derived items © 2 ...
... • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis • Oligodendrocytes—form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS (Schwann cells form myelin sheaths in PNS only) 9 Mosby items and derived items © 2 ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis • Oligodendrocytes—form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS (Schwann cells form myelin sheaths in PNS only) 9 Mosby items and derived items © 2 ...
... • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis • Oligodendrocytes—form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS (Schwann cells form myelin sheaths in PNS only) 9 Mosby items and derived items © 2 ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... acetylcholine. This network has a key role in cognition, and its neurons are among the first to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. However, relatively little is known about the structure of these ‘cholinergic’ neurons because their large size makes them difficult to study using standard techniques. ...
... acetylcholine. This network has a key role in cognition, and its neurons are among the first to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. However, relatively little is known about the structure of these ‘cholinergic’ neurons because their large size makes them difficult to study using standard techniques. ...
Modeling multiple time scale firing rate adaptation in a neural
... ð12Þ or via a cost function of the integrated squared error form, or other methods for frequency domain identification (Vinagre et al. 2000). For each of the n exponential filters in Hexp(ω) there are two parameters gn and τn, as well as the overall k parameter. Since Hexp(ω) is a minimum phase syst ...
... ð12Þ or via a cost function of the integrated squared error form, or other methods for frequency domain identification (Vinagre et al. 2000). For each of the n exponential filters in Hexp(ω) there are two parameters gn and τn, as well as the overall k parameter. Since Hexp(ω) is a minimum phase syst ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... tectum. If such units are visually responsive, their receptive fields generally differ from the relatively small, retinotopically ordered MURFs of superficial tectum, instead taking a bewildering variety of forms. In the various cyprinid and perciform species investigated, tectal cell receptive fiel ...
... tectum. If such units are visually responsive, their receptive fields generally differ from the relatively small, retinotopically ordered MURFs of superficial tectum, instead taking a bewildering variety of forms. In the various cyprinid and perciform species investigated, tectal cell receptive fiel ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... In order to quantify the effects of attention on the receptive field of a neuron, we define two quantities: the receptive field shift and the shrinking factor. Without attention, the neuron at x has a symmetric, bell-shaped receptive field and its maximum response occurs when the stimulus is presented a ...
... In order to quantify the effects of attention on the receptive field of a neuron, we define two quantities: the receptive field shift and the shrinking factor. Without attention, the neuron at x has a symmetric, bell-shaped receptive field and its maximum response occurs when the stimulus is presented a ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... throughout the lemniscal auditory system (Calford et al. 1983), including in the ventral division of the medial geniculate thalamus (MGv) that provides the the main auditory input to primary ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with th ...
... throughout the lemniscal auditory system (Calford et al. 1983), including in the ventral division of the medial geniculate thalamus (MGv) that provides the the main auditory input to primary ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with th ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... to the cell density, we may expect that the number of cells contributing to the multi-unit activity will get so large that we would no longer be able to discriminate individual action potentials, and we would simply record a gross potential resulting from the summed, synchronized activity of all the ...
... to the cell density, we may expect that the number of cells contributing to the multi-unit activity will get so large that we would no longer be able to discriminate individual action potentials, and we would simply record a gross potential resulting from the summed, synchronized activity of all the ...
TESE
... represent patients affected with frontotemporal dementia (left side filled), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (right side filled), or both. White symbols represent unaffected individuals or at-risk individuals with unknown phenotype. Haplotypes for individuals 20-1, 20-2, and 20-3 are inferred from gen ...
... represent patients affected with frontotemporal dementia (left side filled), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (right side filled), or both. White symbols represent unaffected individuals or at-risk individuals with unknown phenotype. Haplotypes for individuals 20-1, 20-2, and 20-3 are inferred from gen ...
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
... every soma is visible in segmental ganglia. These properties also make optical recording feasible. 5. Long, easily accessible peripheral nerves allow for stimulation of selected neurons and monitoring of neuronal activity with extracellular electrodes. 6. Most relevant electrical parameters can be m ...
... every soma is visible in segmental ganglia. These properties also make optical recording feasible. 5. Long, easily accessible peripheral nerves allow for stimulation of selected neurons and monitoring of neuronal activity with extracellular electrodes. 6. Most relevant electrical parameters can be m ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.