Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolater ...
... Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolater ...
A Model of a Segmental Oscillator in the Leech Heartbeat Neuronal
... mode is observed in the biological system only under altered ionic conditions; (4) the model does not show overlap in the burst phases of the reciprocally inhibitory interneurons; and (5) the model does not reflect the complete neuronal circuitry found within a single ganglion because it does not in ...
... mode is observed in the biological system only under altered ionic conditions; (4) the model does not show overlap in the burst phases of the reciprocally inhibitory interneurons; and (5) the model does not reflect the complete neuronal circuitry found within a single ganglion because it does not in ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... are natural correlates of one another as they both represent the parameter of intensity for their respective sensory modalities. Past studies have demonstrated that typical individuals tend to match brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds. The current study utilized a ...
... are natural correlates of one another as they both represent the parameter of intensity for their respective sensory modalities. Past studies have demonstrated that typical individuals tend to match brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds. The current study utilized a ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... function. By the use of multiunit recording, it becomes much easier to detect relatively weak interactions between neurons at different cortical locations. ...
... function. By the use of multiunit recording, it becomes much easier to detect relatively weak interactions between neurons at different cortical locations. ...
Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating
... tissue inhibiting metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and LIX; and VEGF, with its associated basic signaling factors, has a temporal relationship with SP, CGRP and cervical ripening during pregnancy [29,30]. Collectively, these data indicate that sensory nerves and their neuropeptides play a role in remod ...
... tissue inhibiting metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and LIX; and VEGF, with its associated basic signaling factors, has a temporal relationship with SP, CGRP and cervical ripening during pregnancy [29,30]. Collectively, these data indicate that sensory nerves and their neuropeptides play a role in remod ...
Perioperative Vision Loss: Considerations and Management
... al16 in 2001. Induction of general anesthesia initially decreased IOP from baseline; however, once the patient was positioned prone, IOP significantly increased (Table 3).16 Direct correlation was found between the amount of time the patient spent in prone position and the severity of IOP measuremen ...
... al16 in 2001. Induction of general anesthesia initially decreased IOP from baseline; however, once the patient was positioned prone, IOP significantly increased (Table 3).16 Direct correlation was found between the amount of time the patient spent in prone position and the severity of IOP measuremen ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... tadpole was repinned so that skin and muscles over the right side of the spinal cord could be removed. A dorsal cut was then made along the midline of the spinal cord to open the neurocoel and expose neuronal cell bodies. Additional small cuts were made to expose more ventral neurons. In experiments ...
... tadpole was repinned so that skin and muscles over the right side of the spinal cord could be removed. A dorsal cut was then made along the midline of the spinal cord to open the neurocoel and expose neuronal cell bodies. Additional small cuts were made to expose more ventral neurons. In experiments ...
7 Anatomy and Function of the Normal Rectum and Anus
... the pelvic outlet, except for two small gaps on the posterolateral aspects, which are filled by thin, fibromuscular structures called the ischiococcygei muscles. The levator musculature comprises the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis subdivisions (Fig. 7.1A), The anlagen of the levator ...
... the pelvic outlet, except for two small gaps on the posterolateral aspects, which are filled by thin, fibromuscular structures called the ischiococcygei muscles. The levator musculature comprises the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis subdivisions (Fig. 7.1A), The anlagen of the levator ...
Neural Tissue
... Most are located in the brain and spinal cord Responsible for the distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor ...
... Most are located in the brain and spinal cord Responsible for the distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... evoked by the same stimulus are expected to contain such synchronous episodes much more frequently than responses evoked by different stimuli. To test this prediction, we investigated response synchronization in the middle temporal area (area V5 or MT) of alert fixating macaque monkeys. This area is ...
... evoked by the same stimulus are expected to contain such synchronous episodes much more frequently than responses evoked by different stimuli. To test this prediction, we investigated response synchronization in the middle temporal area (area V5 or MT) of alert fixating macaque monkeys. This area is ...
Current BCI Platforms
... - Normal waking consciousness · Both real and imagined motor movements are accompanied by a decrease in mu and beta activity over sensorimotor cortex · BCI doesn’t require actual movement but can be accomplished with imagined movement alone · Frequency alterations can occur independently of activity ...
... - Normal waking consciousness · Both real and imagined motor movements are accompanied by a decrease in mu and beta activity over sensorimotor cortex · BCI doesn’t require actual movement but can be accomplished with imagined movement alone · Frequency alterations can occur independently of activity ...
Chapter 6 — Gross Anatomy of the Brain
... The brain, a bilaterally symmetric, soft, gelatinous structure surrounded by its meninges and enclosed in its bony cranium, is continuous with the spinal cord at the foramen magnum at the base of the skull. At birth the brain weighs less than 400 g, but by the beginning of the second year of life it ...
... The brain, a bilaterally symmetric, soft, gelatinous structure surrounded by its meninges and enclosed in its bony cranium, is continuous with the spinal cord at the foramen magnum at the base of the skull. At birth the brain weighs less than 400 g, but by the beginning of the second year of life it ...
Four-Bundle Cortical-Button Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
... risk of bone tunnel fracture, direct tendon-tobone healing, ease of use, ease of tensioning, and possible biomechanical superiority in terms of ultimate load to failure. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. This is a validated out ...
... risk of bone tunnel fracture, direct tendon-tobone healing, ease of use, ease of tensioning, and possible biomechanical superiority in terms of ultimate load to failure. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. This is a validated out ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... displayed just below the fixation point after each response to keep the subjects motivated. A uniform gray field was presented during both the blank and response intervals. Alternating brief stimulus presentations with blank intervals in this way also minimized any effects of contrast–dependent adap ...
... displayed just below the fixation point after each response to keep the subjects motivated. A uniform gray field was presented during both the blank and response intervals. Alternating brief stimulus presentations with blank intervals in this way also minimized any effects of contrast–dependent adap ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... Full file at http://testbankhero.eu/Test-bank-for-Biological-Psychology-11th-Editio n-by-James-W-Kalat 26. A prolonged increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions would interfere with a neuron's ability to have an action potential. ANS: T the Neuron ...
... Full file at http://testbankhero.eu/Test-bank-for-Biological-Psychology-11th-Editio n-by-James-W-Kalat 26. A prolonged increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions would interfere with a neuron's ability to have an action potential. ANS: T the Neuron ...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Molecular Switches Regulating CNS
... 3. RTK Family Members and Their Impact on CNS Axon Regeneration RTK are high affinity, cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. RTKmediated signals play pivotal and diverse roles in the regulation of various physiological functions, ranging from cell prolife ...
... 3. RTK Family Members and Their Impact on CNS Axon Regeneration RTK are high affinity, cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. RTKmediated signals play pivotal and diverse roles in the regulation of various physiological functions, ranging from cell prolife ...
Exercise Physiology - Anderson Training Systems
... defined as the point of increased exercise intensity at which the body starts to accumulate blood lactate. This measurement provides a means for gauging the severity of the exercise, relative to the client's physiological limits. The lactate threshold occurs at approximately 65 to 90 percent of V02 ...
... defined as the point of increased exercise intensity at which the body starts to accumulate blood lactate. This measurement provides a means for gauging the severity of the exercise, relative to the client's physiological limits. The lactate threshold occurs at approximately 65 to 90 percent of V02 ...
Lesser
... But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized ...
... But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized ...
Long thought to be solely the BRAIN`S COORDINATOR of body
... But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized ...
... But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... which in turn activate the neurons of the NTS through the vagal afferents and finally the neurons in DMV and NA to modulate the esophageal peristalsis. The neural control of esophageal motility has been a major subject of many studies (4). However, the changes that occur in the central nervous syste ...
... which in turn activate the neurons of the NTS through the vagal afferents and finally the neurons in DMV and NA to modulate the esophageal peristalsis. The neural control of esophageal motility has been a major subject of many studies (4). However, the changes that occur in the central nervous syste ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... species (see Kandel, 1976, for an especially lucid discussion of the concept). In insect research, cells have been described as identified under a number of different circumstances; for example when they were found to occupy a constant position in a ganglion and so could be assigned numbers (Cohen a ...
... species (see Kandel, 1976, for an especially lucid discussion of the concept). In insect research, cells have been described as identified under a number of different circumstances; for example when they were found to occupy a constant position in a ganglion and so could be assigned numbers (Cohen a ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... adults (Koc et al. 1998). This study is the first step in identifying the oligosynaptic pathway involved in this response. Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative syst ...
... adults (Koc et al. 1998). This study is the first step in identifying the oligosynaptic pathway involved in this response. Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative syst ...
Friedreich`s ataxia: Pathology, pathogenesis, and
... He was impressed by the thinning of the spinal cord and provided the very first microscopic description of the abnormalities in the dorsal and anterolateral columns [10]. He thought that dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were normal and did not mention the now well established lesion of the dentate nucleus ( ...
... He was impressed by the thinning of the spinal cord and provided the very first microscopic description of the abnormalities in the dorsal and anterolateral columns [10]. He thought that dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were normal and did not mention the now well established lesion of the dentate nucleus ( ...
Document
... information from two regions outside the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus and the entorhinal cortex, converge. In addition, this area is also characterized by strong recurrent feedback between CA3 pyramidal neurons forming what is thought to be an autoassociative network. Artificial neural networks co ...
... information from two regions outside the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus and the entorhinal cortex, converge. In addition, this area is also characterized by strong recurrent feedback between CA3 pyramidal neurons forming what is thought to be an autoassociative network. Artificial neural networks co ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... training for approximately 1 hour. Each training session was therefore half as long as that given by Catmur et al. (2007); this was to make the overall length of the experiment tolerable for participants. Each trial began with presentation of the hand at rest. After a variable time interval (800, 16 ...
... training for approximately 1 hour. Each training session was therefore half as long as that given by Catmur et al. (2007); this was to make the overall length of the experiment tolerable for participants. Each trial began with presentation of the hand at rest. After a variable time interval (800, 16 ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.