Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the
... significantly greater drop in their mean Hamilton depression scale score than the comparison subjects, only five of the 17 patients in the treatment group experienced remission, which was defined as a ≥50% decrease in the Hamilton depression scale score. In a later open phase the authors found bette ...
... significantly greater drop in their mean Hamilton depression scale score than the comparison subjects, only five of the 17 patients in the treatment group experienced remission, which was defined as a ≥50% decrease in the Hamilton depression scale score. In a later open phase the authors found bette ...
The State of the Art of Respiratory Control
... drops below this critical threshold during sleep, apnea will ensue. The primary factor that puts some people at risk for CSA is that they also have increased sensitivity of central and/or peripheral chemoreflexes. This increased sensitivity may lead to ventilatory overshoots in response to even mild ...
... drops below this critical threshold during sleep, apnea will ensue. The primary factor that puts some people at risk for CSA is that they also have increased sensitivity of central and/or peripheral chemoreflexes. This increased sensitivity may lead to ventilatory overshoots in response to even mild ...
Spinal Cord
... Urinary retention, erectile dysfunction, constipation (increased anal sphincter tone). ...
... Urinary retention, erectile dysfunction, constipation (increased anal sphincter tone). ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... months, suggesting that some integrity of the nerve structure remains and allows damaged axons to recover or regenerate. However, for the remaining 18% to 50% of cases, the damage causes persistent functional impairment, most likely due to nerve root avulsion. These injuries are accompanied by a var ...
... months, suggesting that some integrity of the nerve structure remains and allows damaged axons to recover or regenerate. However, for the remaining 18% to 50% of cases, the damage causes persistent functional impairment, most likely due to nerve root avulsion. These injuries are accompanied by a var ...
Zimb_AP_Ch04 - Somerset Academy
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images • ...
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: •Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images • ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... produced movement abnormalities, and that stimulation of the same cortex could elicit muscle responses in dogs (Fritsch and Hitzitg 1870) and monkeys (Ferrier 1876). Working on chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans, Sherrington and colleagues mapped out motor responses elicited by stimulating points ...
... produced movement abnormalities, and that stimulation of the same cortex could elicit muscle responses in dogs (Fritsch and Hitzitg 1870) and monkeys (Ferrier 1876). Working on chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans, Sherrington and colleagues mapped out motor responses elicited by stimulating points ...
The Nervous System
... If the action potential (nerve impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon – all-or-none response Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
... If the action potential (nerve impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon – all-or-none response Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... the hypothesis of Rose et al. (1966) that there exists for some ITD-sensitive neurons a “characteristic delay.” Later studies established with certainty that ITD-sensitive neurons are also active in the posterior field adjacent to area AI in the anesthetized cat (Orman and Phillips 1984), in the pri ...
... the hypothesis of Rose et al. (1966) that there exists for some ITD-sensitive neurons a “characteristic delay.” Later studies established with certainty that ITD-sensitive neurons are also active in the posterior field adjacent to area AI in the anesthetized cat (Orman and Phillips 1984), in the pri ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... Figure 1. Responses of TANs to motivationally opposing stimuli. Changes of average population activity of TANs when an aversive auditory stimulus is associated through Pavlovian conditioning with reward delivery. All displays show histograms obtained by averaging the activity of all TANs recorded be ...
... Figure 1. Responses of TANs to motivationally opposing stimuli. Changes of average population activity of TANs when an aversive auditory stimulus is associated through Pavlovian conditioning with reward delivery. All displays show histograms obtained by averaging the activity of all TANs recorded be ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... from sensory trigeminal nuclei enclosed in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus to the hypoglossus have been largely described [see [4] for a review], although their functional significance warrants further inquiry. The common motor innervation of the muzzle structures by the hypoglossal nucleus [5] ...
... from sensory trigeminal nuclei enclosed in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus to the hypoglossus have been largely described [see [4] for a review], although their functional significance warrants further inquiry. The common motor innervation of the muzzle structures by the hypoglossal nucleus [5] ...
Fernando de Castro and the discovery of the arterial chemoreceptors
... intercaroticum was not a ganglion, but a gland that he named glandula intercarotica. He provided many details about the size and anatomical variations in humans; he described a structure of the CB typical of a gland with glandular tubes and a close association with sympathetics, like the adrenal gla ...
... intercaroticum was not a ganglion, but a gland that he named glandula intercarotica. He provided many details about the size and anatomical variations in humans; he described a structure of the CB typical of a gland with glandular tubes and a close association with sympathetics, like the adrenal gla ...
REFLEXES I - michaeldmann.net
... excitation of the subliminal fringe caused by the tap-induced muscle stretch, it causes the neurons in the subliminal fringe to discharge. The reflex contraction will therefore be larger than normal. There may also be some influence of increased (motoneuron activity, increasing the sensitivity of th ...
... excitation of the subliminal fringe caused by the tap-induced muscle stretch, it causes the neurons in the subliminal fringe to discharge. The reflex contraction will therefore be larger than normal. There may also be some influence of increased (motoneuron activity, increasing the sensitivity of th ...
Sensation
... An inability to hear, linked to a deficit in the body’s ability to transmit impulses from the cochlea to the brain, usually involving the auditory nerve or higher auditory processing ...
... An inability to hear, linked to a deficit in the body’s ability to transmit impulses from the cochlea to the brain, usually involving the auditory nerve or higher auditory processing ...
Olfactory System Anatomy
... the base of the anterior nasal septum, at the junction of the septal cartilage and the bony septum. It is believed to detect external chemical signals called pheromones. These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and en ...
... the base of the anterior nasal septum, at the junction of the septal cartilage and the bony septum. It is believed to detect external chemical signals called pheromones. These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and en ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
Mammalian Models of CNS Regeneration - Wiley-VCH
... inhibit neurite outgrowth in vitro. In addition, the absence of a normal woundhealing response in mammalian CNS tissue may limit regeneration; whereas a lesion site in a peripheral nerve is rapidly repopulated by Schwann cells migrating from the two stumps, lesion sites in the CNS expand by secondar ...
... inhibit neurite outgrowth in vitro. In addition, the absence of a normal woundhealing response in mammalian CNS tissue may limit regeneration; whereas a lesion site in a peripheral nerve is rapidly repopulated by Schwann cells migrating from the two stumps, lesion sites in the CNS expand by secondar ...
full text pdf
... The mammalian neocortex is organized into five layers of neurons. Pyramidal neurons in layer V (L5) signal cortical output to other regions in the CNS. Layer V neurons from different cortical areas project axons to different targets: L5 neurons in the visual cortex project to the Superior Colliculus ...
... The mammalian neocortex is organized into five layers of neurons. Pyramidal neurons in layer V (L5) signal cortical output to other regions in the CNS. Layer V neurons from different cortical areas project axons to different targets: L5 neurons in the visual cortex project to the Superior Colliculus ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous
... Classifying Sensory Receptors Nociceptors (also called pain receptors) Are common in the superficial portions of the skin, joint capsules, within the periostea of bones, and around the walls of blood vessels May be sensitive to temperature extremes, mechanical damage, and dissolved chemicals, ...
... Classifying Sensory Receptors Nociceptors (also called pain receptors) Are common in the superficial portions of the skin, joint capsules, within the periostea of bones, and around the walls of blood vessels May be sensitive to temperature extremes, mechanical damage, and dissolved chemicals, ...
Document
... Classifying Sensory Receptors Nociceptors (also called pain receptors) Are common in the superficial portions of the skin, joint capsules, within the periostea of bones, and around the walls of blood vessels May be sensitive to temperature extremes, ...
... Classifying Sensory Receptors Nociceptors (also called pain receptors) Are common in the superficial portions of the skin, joint capsules, within the periostea of bones, and around the walls of blood vessels May be sensitive to temperature extremes, ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... Jolivet et al., 2004). This step involves a comparison between the subthreshold fluctuations and the corresponding input current. 4. Find the optimal constant threshold ϑcst . The optimal value of ϑcst is the one that maximizes the coefficient ...
... Jolivet et al., 2004). This step involves a comparison between the subthreshold fluctuations and the corresponding input current. 4. Find the optimal constant threshold ϑcst . The optimal value of ϑcst is the one that maximizes the coefficient ...
Activity of Ventral Medial Thalamic Neurons during
... filled with 2 M potassium acetate (40 –70 M⍀). Measurements of apparent membrane input resistance and time constant were based on the linear electrical cable theory applied to an idealized isopotential neuron (Rall, 1969). The voltage– current (V–I ) relationship was measured from variations of the ...
... filled with 2 M potassium acetate (40 –70 M⍀). Measurements of apparent membrane input resistance and time constant were based on the linear electrical cable theory applied to an idealized isopotential neuron (Rall, 1969). The voltage– current (V–I ) relationship was measured from variations of the ...
Chapter 4 The role of the sensory
... skills. Many scholars from linguistics, as well as psychologists and philosophers, look at these results with an increasing interest. The previous section introduced several behavioral data concerning the interaction between bodily gestures and linguistic abilities, supporting the idea that human co ...
... skills. Many scholars from linguistics, as well as psychologists and philosophers, look at these results with an increasing interest. The previous section introduced several behavioral data concerning the interaction between bodily gestures and linguistic abilities, supporting the idea that human co ...
Acoustical Vision of Neglected Stimuli: Interaction among Spatially
... mostly pronounced when visual stimuli were of low intensity, as predicted by the inverse effectiveness rule. The absence of spatial correspondence effect in Stein et al.’s study might be due to the fact that bimodal neurons are not involved in functions for which stimulus localization in space is no ...
... mostly pronounced when visual stimuli were of low intensity, as predicted by the inverse effectiveness rule. The absence of spatial correspondence effect in Stein et al.’s study might be due to the fact that bimodal neurons are not involved in functions for which stimulus localization in space is no ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.