The Physiology of the Senses
... The cerebellum calibrates saccades. (and all other movements) It is important that the size of saccades be accurate. For reading quickly it is necessary to jump to the next word in as few saccades as possible. It is also important that the saccades in each eye be equal in order that each fovea end ...
... The cerebellum calibrates saccades. (and all other movements) It is important that the size of saccades be accurate. For reading quickly it is necessary to jump to the next word in as few saccades as possible. It is also important that the saccades in each eye be equal in order that each fovea end ...
E45021924
... labour, and the second is a delayed contact between mother and baby after birth. Both labour and the immediate postpartal skin- to -skin contact are associated with an intense release of oxytocin. A relative lack of oxytocin in the CS mothers might be responsible for the different oxytocin patterns ...
... labour, and the second is a delayed contact between mother and baby after birth. Both labour and the immediate postpartal skin- to -skin contact are associated with an intense release of oxytocin. A relative lack of oxytocin in the CS mothers might be responsible for the different oxytocin patterns ...
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... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... because TrkA and p75 are coexpressed in particular neurons. However, p75 is structurally belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as similar to TNF receptor and Fas antigen. However, as the cell death through p75 is suppressed when ...
... because TrkA and p75 are coexpressed in particular neurons. However, p75 is structurally belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as similar to TNF receptor and Fas antigen. However, as the cell death through p75 is suppressed when ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
muscle spindle - KIN450
... terminal of inhibitory afferent fibers at the renshaw cell. When a muscle contracts it also sends a collateral to a renshaw cell that stabilizes the firing rate so the limb does not continue to contract further after stretching. This regulates the motor neuron excitability and produces a recurrent i ...
... terminal of inhibitory afferent fibers at the renshaw cell. When a muscle contracts it also sends a collateral to a renshaw cell that stabilizes the firing rate so the limb does not continue to contract further after stretching. This regulates the motor neuron excitability and produces a recurrent i ...
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... in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequency and the size and density of presynaptic terminals formed with the silenced neuron [47], though it i ...
... in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequency and the size and density of presynaptic terminals formed with the silenced neuron [47], though it i ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) acquire their distinct dendrite morphology 24,25, and discuss mechanisms that are likely to be of relevance to dendrite morphogenesis of neurons in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. ...
... larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) acquire their distinct dendrite morphology 24,25, and discuss mechanisms that are likely to be of relevance to dendrite morphogenesis of neurons in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. ...
Functional Dissociation of Attentional Selection within PFC
... If the regions we have previously identified as being responserelated are indeed involved in selection at response-related levels, then they should exhibit greater activation on one- than four-word blocks due to the greater overlap between competing stimulus--response mappings. This effect should be ...
... If the regions we have previously identified as being responserelated are indeed involved in selection at response-related levels, then they should exhibit greater activation on one- than four-word blocks due to the greater overlap between competing stimulus--response mappings. This effect should be ...
Lesion of the perforant path triggers a biphasic neurogenic response
... occurs in areas d istant to a lesion site, astrocytes hypertrophy but rem ain tiled (Figure 2B; Wilhelm sson et al., 2006). In such cases, tissue reorganization is m inim al, and reactive astrogliosis resolves w ithin a few w eeks. H ow ever, follow ing m ore severe CN S insults such as m ajor trau ...
... occurs in areas d istant to a lesion site, astrocytes hypertrophy but rem ain tiled (Figure 2B; Wilhelm sson et al., 2006). In such cases, tissue reorganization is m inim al, and reactive astrogliosis resolves w ithin a few w eeks. H ow ever, follow ing m ore severe CN S insults such as m ajor trau ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... adrenal capsule. Three criteria were used to establish the antidromic nature (35, 37) of the responses of spinal neurons to adrenal nerve stimulation: 1) constant onset latency, 2) high following frequency, and 3) collision with spontaneous action potentials or those evoked orthodromically by stimul ...
... adrenal capsule. Three criteria were used to establish the antidromic nature (35, 37) of the responses of spinal neurons to adrenal nerve stimulation: 1) constant onset latency, 2) high following frequency, and 3) collision with spontaneous action potentials or those evoked orthodromically by stimul ...
A Neural Model of MST and MT Explains Perceived Object Motion
... although the retinal motion of the object in the top panel of Figure 1 is upward (blue arrow), it would be perceived as moving up and to the left (red arrow), which is consistent with the object’s motion relative to the world (bottom panel). As such, these findings can be interpreted as evidence of ...
... although the retinal motion of the object in the top panel of Figure 1 is upward (blue arrow), it would be perceived as moving up and to the left (red arrow), which is consistent with the object’s motion relative to the world (bottom panel). As such, these findings can be interpreted as evidence of ...
influences of the glial environment on the
... Chang & Bloodworth, 1977) demonstrated the reinnervation of peripheral nerve segments grafted into the spinal cord, it remained to be determined whether any axons within these grafts were derived from intrinsic spinal neurones or if all were the result of regrowth from neighbouring spinal roots (Sug ...
... Chang & Bloodworth, 1977) demonstrated the reinnervation of peripheral nerve segments grafted into the spinal cord, it remained to be determined whether any axons within these grafts were derived from intrinsic spinal neurones or if all were the result of regrowth from neighbouring spinal roots (Sug ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... Karl Sims used a graph based GP approach to evolve virtual robotic creatures. The morphology of these creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces were both genetically determined [Sims, 1994]. The genotypes were structured as directed graphs of nodes and connections. When a ...
... Karl Sims used a graph based GP approach to evolve virtual robotic creatures. The morphology of these creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces were both genetically determined [Sims, 1994]. The genotypes were structured as directed graphs of nodes and connections. When a ...
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... low levels of trkA mRNA and p75 mRNA in trigeminal cultures and dissected whole ganglia. The reverse transcription and PCR reactions were calibrated by the inclusion of control RNA templates in the reverse transcription reaction. The control RNA templates were transcribed in vitro from trkA and p75 ...
... low levels of trkA mRNA and p75 mRNA in trigeminal cultures and dissected whole ganglia. The reverse transcription and PCR reactions were calibrated by the inclusion of control RNA templates in the reverse transcription reaction. The control RNA templates were transcribed in vitro from trkA and p75 ...
The Nervous System
... Electrical energy is stored across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron. There are more negatively charged compounds just inside the membrane than outside of it. As a result, the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside. The charge difference creates a form of stored energ ...
... Electrical energy is stored across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron. There are more negatively charged compounds just inside the membrane than outside of it. As a result, the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside. The charge difference creates a form of stored energ ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... sheet of 20 µ increments using a stage micrometer scale at the same magnification at which the neurons were drawn. Using the center of the cell as a reference point, intersections and branching points were measured from the cell body in each successive circle. The number of dendritic branching point ...
... sheet of 20 µ increments using a stage micrometer scale at the same magnification at which the neurons were drawn. Using the center of the cell as a reference point, intersections and branching points were measured from the cell body in each successive circle. The number of dendritic branching point ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... Comment to a papers of Field, Tomassy, Gibson: In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination ...
... Comment to a papers of Field, Tomassy, Gibson: In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF immunoreactive products were found in the cytoplasm ...
... SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF immunoreactive products were found in the cytoplasm ...
Anterograde Tracing of Trigeminal Afferent Pathways
... hybridization as previously described (Barnett et al., 1993a). The ipsilateral and contralateral semilunar ganglia were also harvested from mice killed at 3 d. Control inoculations. Inoculation into the tooth pulp has the advantage that virus is delivered into a small cavity with a specific trigemin ...
... hybridization as previously described (Barnett et al., 1993a). The ipsilateral and contralateral semilunar ganglia were also harvested from mice killed at 3 d. Control inoculations. Inoculation into the tooth pulp has the advantage that virus is delivered into a small cavity with a specific trigemin ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... 3.0 T equipped with a 32-channel head coil. The acquisition sequence was fully optimized for advanced diffusion-weighted imaging, providing isotropic (2 2 2 mm) resolution and coverage of the whole head. At each slice location, three images were acquired with no diffusion gradient applied, toget ...
... 3.0 T equipped with a 32-channel head coil. The acquisition sequence was fully optimized for advanced diffusion-weighted imaging, providing isotropic (2 2 2 mm) resolution and coverage of the whole head. At each slice location, three images were acquired with no diffusion gradient applied, toget ...
Neural stem cell engineering: directed differentiation of adult and
... uptake with cells that morphologically appeared to be neurons. However, these studies relied solely on light microscopy to identify neurons and were thus not generally accepted (1-3). A decade later Kaplan provided further evidence using higher resolution electron microscopy analysis of cell morphol ...
... uptake with cells that morphologically appeared to be neurons. However, these studies relied solely on light microscopy to identify neurons and were thus not generally accepted (1-3). A decade later Kaplan provided further evidence using higher resolution electron microscopy analysis of cell morphol ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... The main finding of the present study is that learning the hippocampus-dependent trace EBC task occluded the PKAmediated AHP reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the learning-related AHP reduction in CA1 neurons was again demonstrated ex vivo. This reproducible AHP reduction in CA1 neur ...
... The main finding of the present study is that learning the hippocampus-dependent trace EBC task occluded the PKAmediated AHP reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the learning-related AHP reduction in CA1 neurons was again demonstrated ex vivo. This reproducible AHP reduction in CA1 neur ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... LO 2.1 What Are the Nervous System, Neurons, and Nerves? ...
... LO 2.1 What Are the Nervous System, Neurons, and Nerves? ...