Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... The same light stimulus intensity was used for all experiments in a given strain, having been preset at an intensity that elicited a mean latency of 2.9 –3.2 sec in room air. To avoid the possibility of tissue damage, a cutoff time of 10 sec was used; if no response had occurred by this time, a valu ...
... The same light stimulus intensity was used for all experiments in a given strain, having been preset at an intensity that elicited a mean latency of 2.9 –3.2 sec in room air. To avoid the possibility of tissue damage, a cutoff time of 10 sec was used; if no response had occurred by this time, a valu ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... i.e., the medium-sized spiny projection neurons (MSN) appear to have a much less clearly ordered geometry than the cortical pyramidal neurons. However, Walker et al. (1993) described a preferred orientation of the dendritic arbors of MSN in the primate striatum along a rostral– dorsal–medial to caud ...
... i.e., the medium-sized spiny projection neurons (MSN) appear to have a much less clearly ordered geometry than the cortical pyramidal neurons. However, Walker et al. (1993) described a preferred orientation of the dendritic arbors of MSN in the primate striatum along a rostral– dorsal–medial to caud ...
Soghomonian J.J., Sethares C., and Peters, A
... cortex and, as shown previously, about 30% of asymmetric (excitatory) and symmetric (inhibitory) axodendritic synapses are lost from the neuropil of layer 2/3 in prefrontal area 46 with age (Peters et al., 2008). Whether there is a similar loss of inhibitory axosomatic synapses from this cortex has ...
... cortex and, as shown previously, about 30% of asymmetric (excitatory) and symmetric (inhibitory) axodendritic synapses are lost from the neuropil of layer 2/3 in prefrontal area 46 with age (Peters et al., 2008). Whether there is a similar loss of inhibitory axosomatic synapses from this cortex has ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... the abducens nuclei using tungsten microelectrodes advanced from a guide tube. Abducens motoneurons were identified by their characteristic 'singing' discharge, as heard on an audio monitor, that correlated closely with horizontal eye movements. By making many penetrations in grid formation, a stere ...
... the abducens nuclei using tungsten microelectrodes advanced from a guide tube. Abducens motoneurons were identified by their characteristic 'singing' discharge, as heard on an audio monitor, that correlated closely with horizontal eye movements. By making many penetrations in grid formation, a stere ...
the diverse roles of l-glutamic acid in brain signal transduction
... and pharmacologic features of the NMDA receptor–channel complex. Seven splice variants of NR1 have been described, which reflect the exclusion or inclusion of three exons, two in the C terminal and one in the N terminal portion (1). These splice variants significantly impact the biophysical characte ...
... and pharmacologic features of the NMDA receptor–channel complex. Seven splice variants of NR1 have been described, which reflect the exclusion or inclusion of three exons, two in the C terminal and one in the N terminal portion (1). These splice variants significantly impact the biophysical characte ...
A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement
... generate appropriate actions towards these goals, and to regulate selective forgetting of environmental contingencies that no longer predict behavioral success. Recent contributions to the theory are found in Grossberg (1987a), Grossberg and Levine (1987), Grossberg and Schmajuk (1987, 1989), Levin ...
... generate appropriate actions towards these goals, and to regulate selective forgetting of environmental contingencies that no longer predict behavioral success. Recent contributions to the theory are found in Grossberg (1987a), Grossberg and Levine (1987), Grossberg and Schmajuk (1987, 1989), Levin ...
Neuropsychologia, 47, 1621-6
... p = .021. Again, for movements to the real hand, pointing precision in depth was greater for movements made to targets on the glabrous (6.19 ± .23 mm) rather than hairy skin (7.32 ± .24 mm), F(1, 15) = 8.57, p = .01, but this skin effect was not present for the fake hand, F(1, 15) = .00, p = .993 (“ ...
... p = .021. Again, for movements to the real hand, pointing precision in depth was greater for movements made to targets on the glabrous (6.19 ± .23 mm) rather than hairy skin (7.32 ± .24 mm), F(1, 15) = 8.57, p = .01, but this skin effect was not present for the fake hand, F(1, 15) = .00, p = .993 (“ ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... ARTICLE IN PRESS U. Jürgens, S.R. Hage / Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
... ARTICLE IN PRESS U. Jürgens, S.R. Hage / Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
The limbic system
... learning, which is blocked when longterm potentiation (LTP) is disrupted in pathways to the amygdala. Imaging studies have shown that viewing fearful faces activates the left amygdala.[14,17] Rage and placidity Rage responses to minor stimuli are observed after removal of the neocortex. The ...
... learning, which is blocked when longterm potentiation (LTP) is disrupted in pathways to the amygdala. Imaging studies have shown that viewing fearful faces activates the left amygdala.[14,17] Rage and placidity Rage responses to minor stimuli are observed after removal of the neocortex. The ...
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... a response” during cognitive tasks and more moderate exercise, it probably does not do so during peak sporting performance. For instance, crucial as PFC “task response selection” is for Stroop Task performance, it would be a liability when hitting a match winning serve at Wimbledon. Instead the PFC ...
... a response” during cognitive tasks and more moderate exercise, it probably does not do so during peak sporting performance. For instance, crucial as PFC “task response selection” is for Stroop Task performance, it would be a liability when hitting a match winning serve at Wimbledon. Instead the PFC ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... cats, locomotion can be initiated by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) (Shik and Orlovsky, 1976). The speed of locomotion as well as the preferred gaits (walking, trotting or galloping) can be adjusted by modifying the strength of the stimulation or the speed of the ...
... cats, locomotion can be initiated by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) (Shik and Orlovsky, 1976). The speed of locomotion as well as the preferred gaits (walking, trotting or galloping) can be adjusted by modifying the strength of the stimulation or the speed of the ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... Barbas, 1988). On the other hand, lateral prefrontal areas, such as area 10, have a role in cognitive tasks, including extracting relevant auditory signals from noise and in specialized working memory tasks (e.g. Chao and Knight, 1997, 1998; Koechlin et al., 1999). The termination in auditory associ ...
... Barbas, 1988). On the other hand, lateral prefrontal areas, such as area 10, have a role in cognitive tasks, including extracting relevant auditory signals from noise and in specialized working memory tasks (e.g. Chao and Knight, 1997, 1998; Koechlin et al., 1999). The termination in auditory associ ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... integrate current and past information, including its affective qualities, and act on it through its projections to the ventral striatum/ventral pallidum. We further discuss the role of nucleus reuniens of thalamus as a major interface between the mPFC and the hippocampus, and as a prominent source ...
... integrate current and past information, including its affective qualities, and act on it through its projections to the ventral striatum/ventral pallidum. We further discuss the role of nucleus reuniens of thalamus as a major interface between the mPFC and the hippocampus, and as a prominent source ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... During my dissertation work at Georgia State University, I have had the great fortune of being mentored by a number of amazing individuals. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Paul Katz, who provided just the right amount of guidance, patience, advice, and prodding at all the ...
... During my dissertation work at Georgia State University, I have had the great fortune of being mentored by a number of amazing individuals. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Paul Katz, who provided just the right amount of guidance, patience, advice, and prodding at all the ...
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
Where is a Nose with Respect to a Foot? The Left
... to the one used to diagnose autotopagnposia, and found an activation in both the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the left superior parietal cortex (SPC). The same regions were documented by Le Clec’H et al. (2000) who asked participants to code the spatial relationship among parts of the human b ...
... to the one used to diagnose autotopagnposia, and found an activation in both the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the left superior parietal cortex (SPC). The same regions were documented by Le Clec’H et al. (2000) who asked participants to code the spatial relationship among parts of the human b ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... cell firing are strongly shaped by the activity of local inhibitory neurons, including periglomerular cells, EPL interneurons, and granule cells (Banerjee et al., 2015; Fukunaga et al., 2014; Kato et al., 2013; Luo and Katz, 2001; Miyamichi et al., 2013; Yokoi et al., 1995). Ultimately, mitral and t ...
... cell firing are strongly shaped by the activity of local inhibitory neurons, including periglomerular cells, EPL interneurons, and granule cells (Banerjee et al., 2015; Fukunaga et al., 2014; Kato et al., 2013; Luo and Katz, 2001; Miyamichi et al., 2013; Yokoi et al., 1995). Ultimately, mitral and t ...
Organization of the Honey Bee Mushroom Body
... were isometrically adjusted, if necessary, to equal each other without altering layer relationships. After using the darkening function, the two images were then flattened. Matches between Kenyon cell projections and immunostained layers were done by comparing the position of the cross-section of a ...
... were isometrically adjusted, if necessary, to equal each other without altering layer relationships. After using the darkening function, the two images were then flattened. Matches between Kenyon cell projections and immunostained layers were done by comparing the position of the cross-section of a ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a low frequency, whereas the LP and PY follower neurons fall ...
... and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a low frequency, whereas the LP and PY follower neurons fall ...
Mechanisms of Maximum Information Preservation in the Drosophila
... Recent investigations have shown that PNs are broadly tuned to odors, whereas ORNs are narrowly tuned [3,30]. In ORNs, most odor responses cluster in the weak end of their dynamic range. In PNs, however, odor responses are distributed more uniformly throughout their dynamic range. This is a result o ...
... Recent investigations have shown that PNs are broadly tuned to odors, whereas ORNs are narrowly tuned [3,30]. In ORNs, most odor responses cluster in the weak end of their dynamic range. In PNs, however, odor responses are distributed more uniformly throughout their dynamic range. This is a result o ...
FREE Sample Here
... a. Terminal buttons release neurotransmitters. b. Terminal buttons store and release chemicals that carry messages to other nearby neurons. c. Terminal buttons are the small fluid-filled gaps through which neural impulses are carried. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. Terminal butto ...
... a. Terminal buttons release neurotransmitters. b. Terminal buttons store and release chemicals that carry messages to other nearby neurons. c. Terminal buttons are the small fluid-filled gaps through which neural impulses are carried. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. Terminal butto ...
Action Preparation Shapes Processing in Early Visual Cortex
... anterior intraparietal area (aIPS), which is involved in the planning and updating of grasping actions (Binkofski et al., 1999; Murata et al., 2000; Culham et al., 2003; Tunik et al., 2005; Baumann et al., 2009). Consistent with this, we recently demonstrated that the action-specific enhancement of ...
... anterior intraparietal area (aIPS), which is involved in the planning and updating of grasping actions (Binkofski et al., 1999; Murata et al., 2000; Culham et al., 2003; Tunik et al., 2005; Baumann et al., 2009). Consistent with this, we recently demonstrated that the action-specific enhancement of ...
How Is the Brain Organized?
... idea of how the nervous system functions, at least in a general way. That knowledge is the subject of this chapter. But before we turn our attention to the operation manual for the brain and the rest of the nervous system, let us examine what the brain is designed to do. Knowing the brain’s function ...
... idea of how the nervous system functions, at least in a general way. That knowledge is the subject of this chapter. But before we turn our attention to the operation manual for the brain and the rest of the nervous system, let us examine what the brain is designed to do. Knowing the brain’s function ...
Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel
... Diamond, 2000). The spatial resolution of extracellular unit recordings is low, and they do not measure subthreshold responses. Higher spatial resolution (but without temporal resolution) single whisker responses has been obtained from 2-deoxyglucose uptake ...
... Diamond, 2000). The spatial resolution of extracellular unit recordings is low, and they do not measure subthreshold responses. Higher spatial resolution (but without temporal resolution) single whisker responses has been obtained from 2-deoxyglucose uptake ...