Development and evolution of the insect mushroom bodies: towards
... necessary to generate, in ten days of larval and pupal development, the estimated 170,000 Kenyon cells per hemisphere that make up the honeybee mushroom bodies, which are some of the largest described among the insects (Witthöft, 1967; Farris et al., 1999). The second difference in developmental ev ...
... necessary to generate, in ten days of larval and pupal development, the estimated 170,000 Kenyon cells per hemisphere that make up the honeybee mushroom bodies, which are some of the largest described among the insects (Witthöft, 1967; Farris et al., 1999). The second difference in developmental ev ...
Self-Organizing Visual Cortex Model using Homeostatic Plasticity
... and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechanism, it is also highly unstable and could drive neurons to become hyper-activated or silenced altogether. Suppose we have a hypothetical pre-synaptic neuron connected with a bunch of synapses to one ...
... and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechanism, it is also highly unstable and could drive neurons to become hyper-activated or silenced altogether. Suppose we have a hypothetical pre-synaptic neuron connected with a bunch of synapses to one ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... netrins and semaphorins guide axons to their targets. These axons then encounter priming factors secreted by target neurons and the surrounding glia, including fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), Wnts, cholesterol, and thrombospondin (TSP), that act to promote axonal and dendritic maturation and facilit ...
... netrins and semaphorins guide axons to their targets. These axons then encounter priming factors secreted by target neurons and the surrounding glia, including fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), Wnts, cholesterol, and thrombospondin (TSP), that act to promote axonal and dendritic maturation and facilit ...
α7 and β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Form
... Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A total of 11 nAChR subunits (α2–7, α9–10, and β2–4) have been cloned from mammalian neuronal tissue [1]. Of these, the α7 and α9 subunits can form homomeric receptors when expressed in heterologous express ...
... Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A total of 11 nAChR subunits (α2–7, α9–10, and β2–4) have been cloned from mammalian neuronal tissue [1]. Of these, the α7 and α9 subunits can form homomeric receptors when expressed in heterologous express ...
Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Nervous System
... NaCl, 10 mM Na,HPO,, pH 7.2, prior to analysis of mitogenic activity in these samples. Lesions.All operations were performed on deeply anesthetized rats. Sciatic nerves were transected about 7 mm above the entry into the gastrocnemius muscle. Care was taken to clearly separate the 2 resulting nerve ...
... NaCl, 10 mM Na,HPO,, pH 7.2, prior to analysis of mitogenic activity in these samples. Lesions.All operations were performed on deeply anesthetized rats. Sciatic nerves were transected about 7 mm above the entry into the gastrocnemius muscle. Care was taken to clearly separate the 2 resulting nerve ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... (Shughrue and Merchenthaler, 2000). However, the most important difference from 125I estrogen labeling of ER was the detection of label in pyramidal cells of CA1–CA3 in the ventral hippocampus. In parallel studies of ER␣ and - mRNA, there was a similar dorsal-to-ventral gradient as that seen for 12 ...
... (Shughrue and Merchenthaler, 2000). However, the most important difference from 125I estrogen labeling of ER was the detection of label in pyramidal cells of CA1–CA3 in the ventral hippocampus. In parallel studies of ER␣ and - mRNA, there was a similar dorsal-to-ventral gradient as that seen for 12 ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... with different morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological features. A basic classification of pyramidal cells is based on their connectivity, which is roughly linked to their laminar location in the cortex (Jones, 1984) (Figure 1). Subcortical projection pyramidal cells are the main neur ...
... with different morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological features. A basic classification of pyramidal cells is based on their connectivity, which is roughly linked to their laminar location in the cortex (Jones, 1984) (Figure 1). Subcortical projection pyramidal cells are the main neur ...
World of Children 2 Chapter 4 Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers
... The Brain Cerebral cortex - thoughts, perceptions, emotions and memories Gray matter/ top portion of the brain 4 major lobes 1. frontal 2. temporal 3. parietal 4. occipital ...
... The Brain Cerebral cortex - thoughts, perceptions, emotions and memories Gray matter/ top portion of the brain 4 major lobes 1. frontal 2. temporal 3. parietal 4. occipital ...
Nondirected axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic
... 1976), even after destruction of the target musele fibers. This indicates that all information necessary for target finding is contained in the empty basallamina sheet (Sanes et al., 1978). In this study we describe the mechanical isolation of the vitreal basal lamina (inner limiting membrane) ofthe ...
... 1976), even after destruction of the target musele fibers. This indicates that all information necessary for target finding is contained in the empty basallamina sheet (Sanes et al., 1978). In this study we describe the mechanical isolation of the vitreal basal lamina (inner limiting membrane) ofthe ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... ficient on one side of the trans-axonal complex whereas Moesin association is likely required simultaneously in both interacting axonal populations. Together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into cell adhesion molecule– mediated axon–axon interactions that enable precise as sembly of ...
... ficient on one side of the trans-axonal complex whereas Moesin association is likely required simultaneously in both interacting axonal populations. Together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into cell adhesion molecule– mediated axon–axon interactions that enable precise as sembly of ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of perfumes/colognes and from cigarette smokers. A woman may put on perfume early in the morning before he ...
... immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of perfumes/colognes and from cigarette smokers. A woman may put on perfume early in the morning before he ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... netrins and semaphorins guide axons to their targets. These axons then encounter priming factors secreted by target neurons and the surrounding glia, including fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), Wnts, cholesterol, and thrombospondin (TSP), that act to promote axonal and dendritic maturation and facilit ...
... netrins and semaphorins guide axons to their targets. These axons then encounter priming factors secreted by target neurons and the surrounding glia, including fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), Wnts, cholesterol, and thrombospondin (TSP), that act to promote axonal and dendritic maturation and facilit ...
The migration of neural crest cells and the growth of
... variety of other anatomical techniques. Recently, it has been possible to analyse the migration of crest cells with greater precision using immunohistochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies which bind selectively to the migrating neural crest cell surface (Vincent, Duband & Thiery, 1983; Vincent ...
... variety of other anatomical techniques. Recently, it has been possible to analyse the migration of crest cells with greater precision using immunohistochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies which bind selectively to the migrating neural crest cell surface (Vincent, Duband & Thiery, 1983; Vincent ...
Cathepsin B–green fluorescent protein
... obtained at low pH is structurally similar to some cellassembled laminin polymers. To investigate whether the polygonal structure of the artificial laminin matrix produced at low pH is also found in vivo, we carried out an immunohistochemical analysis of the surface of whole-mounted retinae. In most ...
... obtained at low pH is structurally similar to some cellassembled laminin polymers. To investigate whether the polygonal structure of the artificial laminin matrix produced at low pH is also found in vivo, we carried out an immunohistochemical analysis of the surface of whole-mounted retinae. In most ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... These include cerebral energy consumption and metabolism, neuronal membrane voltage dynamics and action potential generation, synaptic functioning, changes in extra- and intracellular concentrations (ions, molecular messengers, pH), glial uptake and blood flow regulation [8]. However, the dynamics o ...
... These include cerebral energy consumption and metabolism, neuronal membrane voltage dynamics and action potential generation, synaptic functioning, changes in extra- and intracellular concentrations (ions, molecular messengers, pH), glial uptake and blood flow regulation [8]. However, the dynamics o ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... action potential, glutamate released together with acetylcholine could help to depolarize postsynaptic membrane without contribution of AMPA receptor (Duguid and Smart 2004, Seal and Edwards 2006). VGLUT3 The third vesicular glutamate transporter is localized in a limited number of glutamatergic neu ...
... action potential, glutamate released together with acetylcholine could help to depolarize postsynaptic membrane without contribution of AMPA receptor (Duguid and Smart 2004, Seal and Edwards 2006). VGLUT3 The third vesicular glutamate transporter is localized in a limited number of glutamatergic neu ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... of stimulus input. After stimulus discrimination and GO/ NO-GO decision, movement execution proceeds unimpeded in the GO condition, whereas the motor system is restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly sup ...
... of stimulus input. After stimulus discrimination and GO/ NO-GO decision, movement execution proceeds unimpeded in the GO condition, whereas the motor system is restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly sup ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... I compared constraining a compartmental model to fit the EAP with matching the intracellular action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and ce ...
... I compared constraining a compartmental model to fit the EAP with matching the intracellular action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and ce ...
Handwriting Characterization of Neurodegenerative diseases
... RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HANDWRITING AND DISEASES ...
... RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HANDWRITING AND DISEASES ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... hormones, it has the least clear physiological role in the deiodinase protein family. Because D1 is able to convert T4 to the considerably active T3, initially it was thought to be the main source of extra-thyroidal T3 [16, 17]. Recently, however, increasing evidence indicates that D1 contributes si ...
... hormones, it has the least clear physiological role in the deiodinase protein family. Because D1 is able to convert T4 to the considerably active T3, initially it was thought to be the main source of extra-thyroidal T3 [16, 17]. Recently, however, increasing evidence indicates that D1 contributes si ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... excellent temporal resolution, but do not permit recordings from the same identified neurons in dense local circuits over multiple days. Two-photon calcium imaging makes it possible to observe the activity of the same population of identified neurons in behaving animals over long time periods. Here ...
... excellent temporal resolution, but do not permit recordings from the same identified neurons in dense local circuits over multiple days. Two-photon calcium imaging makes it possible to observe the activity of the same population of identified neurons in behaving animals over long time periods. Here ...
identification of a cell surface glycoprotein family of olfactory
... and Warren, 1982), as well as the reciprocal distribution (Vulliamy et al., 1981), to retinal photoreceptor cells (Barnstable, 1980), and to cat CNS neuronal subclasses (McKay and Hockfield, 1982). We have developed an Mab, 2B8, which binds to cell surface antigens on primary sensory neurons of the ...
... and Warren, 1982), as well as the reciprocal distribution (Vulliamy et al., 1981), to retinal photoreceptor cells (Barnstable, 1980), and to cat CNS neuronal subclasses (McKay and Hockfield, 1982). We have developed an Mab, 2B8, which binds to cell surface antigens on primary sensory neurons of the ...
file
... of the brain which are important for the immune system of the central nervous system (CNS). Further, mice lacking the Cln5 gene (Cln5 ko) were utilised to study the pathology in more detail. Early microglial activation in Cln5 ko mice was documented by immunohistochemical staining and thresholding ...
... of the brain which are important for the immune system of the central nervous system (CNS). Further, mice lacking the Cln5 gene (Cln5 ko) were utilised to study the pathology in more detail. Early microglial activation in Cln5 ko mice was documented by immunohistochemical staining and thresholding ...