Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... composed of neurons with unmyelinated fibers, is involved in a number of higher functions, like consciousness, information processing, language, memory and sensation. The hippocampus is phylogenetically amongst the oldest structures of the brain. It lies beneath the neocortex, on the basal medial su ...
... composed of neurons with unmyelinated fibers, is involved in a number of higher functions, like consciousness, information processing, language, memory and sensation. The hippocampus is phylogenetically amongst the oldest structures of the brain. It lies beneath the neocortex, on the basal medial su ...
CHAPTER 3 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... Carry messages from the central nervous system to muscles and glands Usually have one long axon that runs from the spinal cord to the muscle or gland Carry input from sense organs to the central nervous system Have long dendrites that carry input from the sense organ to the brain or spinal cord Copy ...
... Carry messages from the central nervous system to muscles and glands Usually have one long axon that runs from the spinal cord to the muscle or gland Carry input from sense organs to the central nervous system Have long dendrites that carry input from the sense organ to the brain or spinal cord Copy ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... (e.g., cortex and hippocampus); 2) describe the mechanisms that control the bioavailability of active estrogens within discrete regions of the brain, in particular focusing on the ability to synthesize estradiol in nervous tissue; 3) examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on p ...
... (e.g., cortex and hippocampus); 2) describe the mechanisms that control the bioavailability of active estrogens within discrete regions of the brain, in particular focusing on the ability to synthesize estradiol in nervous tissue; 3) examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on p ...
a.Nerve Regeneration
... before the injury – Much of the functional recovery after nerve injury involves retraining the nervous system to respond appropriately so that stimulus and response are coordinated – Unlike peripheral nerve fibers, most of those within the CNS never regenerate under normal circumstances (damage to t ...
... before the injury – Much of the functional recovery after nerve injury involves retraining the nervous system to respond appropriately so that stimulus and response are coordinated – Unlike peripheral nerve fibers, most of those within the CNS never regenerate under normal circumstances (damage to t ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... Whereas the orbitofrontal cortex in Tier 2 represents the value of stimuli (potential goals for action) on a continuous scale, an area anterior to this, medial prefrontal cortex area 10 (in Tier 3), is implicated in decision-making between stimuli, in which a selection or choice must be made, moving ...
... Whereas the orbitofrontal cortex in Tier 2 represents the value of stimuli (potential goals for action) on a continuous scale, an area anterior to this, medial prefrontal cortex area 10 (in Tier 3), is implicated in decision-making between stimuli, in which a selection or choice must be made, moving ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in motor thalamus (Mthal) ameliorates tremor but not akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelr ...
... High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in motor thalamus (Mthal) ameliorates tremor but not akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelr ...
Motor planning under unpredictable reward: modulations of
... It has been suggested that reward probability biases neural activity by altering either the rate or the duration of cell firing (Lauwereyns et al., 2002). Figure 4 illustrates these features for our experiment. Average RT was the shortest for “A” trials, and as the RT “rubber-band” (Renoult et al. ...
... It has been suggested that reward probability biases neural activity by altering either the rate or the duration of cell firing (Lauwereyns et al., 2002). Figure 4 illustrates these features for our experiment. Average RT was the shortest for “A” trials, and as the RT “rubber-band” (Renoult et al. ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... not, in fact, signal danger. Many chronic pain disorders are characterized by oversensitivity to sensory input (i.e. allodynia or hyperalgesia). Thus, understanding the biological mechanisms of the transition from innocuous to painful levels of sensation will help us understand not only the neural r ...
... not, in fact, signal danger. Many chronic pain disorders are characterized by oversensitivity to sensory input (i.e. allodynia or hyperalgesia). Thus, understanding the biological mechanisms of the transition from innocuous to painful levels of sensation will help us understand not only the neural r ...
Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, and the homeostatic system do communicate with the reward system to control the feeding behavior. Obes ...
... melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, and the homeostatic system do communicate with the reward system to control the feeding behavior. Obes ...
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP By Dr. Mohammad
... • Transition from sleep to wakefulness involves alternating reciprocal activity of different group of RAS neurons ...
... • Transition from sleep to wakefulness involves alternating reciprocal activity of different group of RAS neurons ...
The Spinal Cord
... the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
... the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
Document
... the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
... the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
Posterior White Column
... the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
... the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
Role of Frontal Eye Fields in Countermanding Saccades: Visual
... trials in which a stop signal was presented and saccade production was inhibited successfully and trials with movements that were made but would have been inhibited had the stop signal been presented (the trials with the long reaction times). By comparing the neural activity in these different trial ...
... trials in which a stop signal was presented and saccade production was inhibited successfully and trials with movements that were made but would have been inhibited had the stop signal been presented (the trials with the long reaction times). By comparing the neural activity in these different trial ...
Biomimetic approaches to the control of underwater walking machines
... modulating coordination to specify the direction of walking and the recruiters controlling the amplitude of the motor output, and the motor synergies that directly activate actuators (figure 5b). There are several internal state variables that specify details of the walking program. These state varia ...
... modulating coordination to specify the direction of walking and the recruiters controlling the amplitude of the motor output, and the motor synergies that directly activate actuators (figure 5b). There are several internal state variables that specify details of the walking program. These state varia ...
Протокол
... The cerebellum is located beneath the brain and overlies the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla. It contains several functionally independent lobes covered by transversely oriented folia. The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect and correct errors in movement. Errors are detected by c ...
... The cerebellum is located beneath the brain and overlies the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla. It contains several functionally independent lobes covered by transversely oriented folia. The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect and correct errors in movement. Errors are detected by c ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... sharp tuning is not a necessary feature for a sparse sensory representation (25, 26). The sparsity of the response to each signal was a direct consequence of the detailed balance of correlated excitatory and inhibitory synapses as described above, not of the specificity of the tuning curve. The self ...
... sharp tuning is not a necessary feature for a sparse sensory representation (25, 26). The sparsity of the response to each signal was a direct consequence of the detailed balance of correlated excitatory and inhibitory synapses as described above, not of the specificity of the tuning curve. The self ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... spaces rodents naturally display, was also found to be dependent on BNST activity (Waddell et al., 2006; Duvarci et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2013). Overall, these findings led to the theory that BNST mediates sustained anxiety-like responses to diffuse environmental threats (Walker et al., 2009a), as ...
... spaces rodents naturally display, was also found to be dependent on BNST activity (Waddell et al., 2006; Duvarci et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2013). Overall, these findings led to the theory that BNST mediates sustained anxiety-like responses to diffuse environmental threats (Walker et al., 2009a), as ...
Mutations in sodium-channel gene SCN9A cause a spectrum of
... sensitive to submicromolar levels of tetrodotoxin. This is in contrast with Nav1.8, which is also present within DRG neurons but is fairly resistant to tetrodotoxin. Nav1.7 appears to be important in early phases of neuronal electrogenesis. Nav1.7 is characterized by slow transition of the channel i ...
... sensitive to submicromolar levels of tetrodotoxin. This is in contrast with Nav1.8, which is also present within DRG neurons but is fairly resistant to tetrodotoxin. Nav1.7 appears to be important in early phases of neuronal electrogenesis. Nav1.7 is characterized by slow transition of the channel i ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... dendrites might be beneficial because they enable the spatial separation of inputs to minimize their interaction. In some cases, however, this possible sublinear summation may actually be advantageous (Agmon-Snir et al. 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure ...
... dendrites might be beneficial because they enable the spatial separation of inputs to minimize their interaction. In some cases, however, this possible sublinear summation may actually be advantageous (Agmon-Snir et al. 1998, section on coincidence detection in auditory neurons, p. 519) (see Figure ...
Different Orientation Tuning of Near- and Far
... at least 2 SDs above the spontaneous rate, and the geometric center of this area was defined as the mRF center. We performed spatial summation measurements at 75% contrast using a circular drifting grating patch of increasing radius centered over the cell’s mRF (e.g., Fig. 2A, black solid curve). Th ...
... at least 2 SDs above the spontaneous rate, and the geometric center of this area was defined as the mRF center. We performed spatial summation measurements at 75% contrast using a circular drifting grating patch of increasing radius centered over the cell’s mRF (e.g., Fig. 2A, black solid curve). Th ...