the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... and SNr by facilitation of transmission over the direct pathway and inhibition of transmission over the indirect pathway (104). The net effect of striatal dopamine release appears to be to reduce basal ganglia output to the thalamus and other targets (see below). This implies that a reduction of dop ...
... and SNr by facilitation of transmission over the direct pathway and inhibition of transmission over the indirect pathway (104). The net effect of striatal dopamine release appears to be to reduce basal ganglia output to the thalamus and other targets (see below). This implies that a reduction of dop ...
Condition interference in rats performing a choice task with switched
... We first analyzed choice preferences during the extinction phase to identify whether rats had flexible or inflexible behaviors in the variable- and fixed-reward conditions. We then assessed the interference of variable- and fixed-reward conditions in the choice behaviors. We compared conditional cho ...
... We first analyzed choice preferences during the extinction phase to identify whether rats had flexible or inflexible behaviors in the variable- and fixed-reward conditions. We then assessed the interference of variable- and fixed-reward conditions in the choice behaviors. We compared conditional cho ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... general feeling for the numbers involved when we discuss 5-HT anatomy in the CNS. It may seem somewhat surprising that so much has been written about so little, i.e., the neurons in the entire mammalian CNS number in the billions, whereas serotonergic cells number in the thousands. Therefore they co ...
... general feeling for the numbers involved when we discuss 5-HT anatomy in the CNS. It may seem somewhat surprising that so much has been written about so little, i.e., the neurons in the entire mammalian CNS number in the billions, whereas serotonergic cells number in the thousands. Therefore they co ...
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... Malenka, 2005), which are released from MSNs and exert apparent presynaptic effects (Yin and Lovinger, 2006) that may account for some of the reported actions of dopamine on synaptic vesicle cycling (Bamford et al., 2004; Bamford et al., 2008). LTD at Excitatory Synapses on MSNs High-frequency stimu ...
... Malenka, 2005), which are released from MSNs and exert apparent presynaptic effects (Yin and Lovinger, 2006) that may account for some of the reported actions of dopamine on synaptic vesicle cycling (Bamford et al., 2004; Bamford et al., 2008). LTD at Excitatory Synapses on MSNs High-frequency stimu ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Expression in the Brain of the Teleost
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
Projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to the cochlear
... Mizuno, 1997a,b), Scarpa’s ganglion and the medial vestibular nucleus (Burian and Gstoettner, 1988; Kevetter and Perachio, 1989; Bukowska, 2002), the trigeminal ganglion (Shore et al., 2000) and nuclei (Itoh et al., 1987; Wright and Ryugo, 1996; Li and Mizuno, 1997a,b; Wolff and Künzle, 1997), and ...
... Mizuno, 1997a,b), Scarpa’s ganglion and the medial vestibular nucleus (Burian and Gstoettner, 1988; Kevetter and Perachio, 1989; Bukowska, 2002), the trigeminal ganglion (Shore et al., 2000) and nuclei (Itoh et al., 1987; Wright and Ryugo, 1996; Li and Mizuno, 1997a,b; Wolff and Künzle, 1997), and ...
Putting Pain in Perspective
... T cell initiates consequences of pain SG cells are inhibitory to the T cell Nociceptor signals inhibit the SG neurons, therefore allowing pain signals to continue Increased signals from large diameter fibers results in increased firing of SG neurons, which ultimately decreases firing of T-cells (Res ...
... T cell initiates consequences of pain SG cells are inhibitory to the T cell Nociceptor signals inhibit the SG neurons, therefore allowing pain signals to continue Increased signals from large diameter fibers results in increased firing of SG neurons, which ultimately decreases firing of T-cells (Res ...
Molecular heterogeneity of central synapses: afferent and target
... all synapses are not equivalent. Synaptic composition is initially determined and continuously modified by ongoing bidirectional communication between presynaptic and postsynaptic partners. Nevertheless, individual features of synapses can sometimes result from a dominating influence, and it seems u ...
... all synapses are not equivalent. Synaptic composition is initially determined and continuously modified by ongoing bidirectional communication between presynaptic and postsynaptic partners. Nevertheless, individual features of synapses can sometimes result from a dominating influence, and it seems u ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... GnRH neurons reside in the MPOIAH. Hence, NE and GABA most likely act at the perikaryal levels of GnRH neurons. Their function appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons by NE through an al-receptive mechanism. This phasic activation is tonically inhibited by GABAergic neurons. The ...
... GnRH neurons reside in the MPOIAH. Hence, NE and GABA most likely act at the perikaryal levels of GnRH neurons. Their function appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons by NE through an al-receptive mechanism. This phasic activation is tonically inhibited by GABAergic neurons. The ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, there is no such clear separation of “what” from “value” representations. For example, in the taste system, satiety influences tas ...
... Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, there is no such clear separation of “what” from “value” representations. For example, in the taste system, satiety influences tas ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... Taste is one of the fundamental senses by which animals can detect food sources (sugars, salts, lipids, amino acids) but also noxious compounds dissolved in aqueous solution or adsorbed on surfaces (leaf, cuticle). Unlike olfaction, where only cephalic organs are involved in the detection of volatil ...
... Taste is one of the fundamental senses by which animals can detect food sources (sugars, salts, lipids, amino acids) but also noxious compounds dissolved in aqueous solution or adsorbed on surfaces (leaf, cuticle). Unlike olfaction, where only cephalic organs are involved in the detection of volatil ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... Prior efforts to detect PDE5 in human brain tissue have found that PDE5 mRNA levels are either very low [13–15] or undetectable [16]. However, a careful analysis of the above human studies reveals that some may not have detected PDE5 mRNA for methodologic reasons. For example, in the study that did ...
... Prior efforts to detect PDE5 in human brain tissue have found that PDE5 mRNA levels are either very low [13–15] or undetectable [16]. However, a careful analysis of the above human studies reveals that some may not have detected PDE5 mRNA for methodologic reasons. For example, in the study that did ...
Pergamon - Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit
... enkephalin. 18'19 However, other workers have proposed, using a variety of techniques, that all neostriatal neurons express both D 1 and D 2 receptors 73'74 or that they co-exist in up to 26% of neostriatal n e u r o n s f l Furthermore it has been proposed that up to 60% of striatonigral neurons ex ...
... enkephalin. 18'19 However, other workers have proposed, using a variety of techniques, that all neostriatal neurons express both D 1 and D 2 receptors 73'74 or that they co-exist in up to 26% of neostriatal n e u r o n s f l Furthermore it has been proposed that up to 60% of striatonigral neurons ex ...
L
... Two-thirds of people with seizures will stop having them when they take medications.3 The remaining one-third may be candidates for resective epilepsy surgery. An accurate description of the seizure semiology is the first step in identifying the epileptogenic cortex. The physician combines this with ...
... Two-thirds of people with seizures will stop having them when they take medications.3 The remaining one-third may be candidates for resective epilepsy surgery. An accurate description of the seizure semiology is the first step in identifying the epileptogenic cortex. The physician combines this with ...
Phosphorylated Tyr142 β-Catenin signaling in axon morphogenesis and centrosomal functions Deepshikha Bhardwaj
... them for accepting my wedding invitation as well as sharing the joy by being a part of the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/ ...
... them for accepting my wedding invitation as well as sharing the joy by being a part of the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/ ...
ART 2015 AdvAnced ReTinAl TheRApy
... it is a great privilege to have you with us at the 12th conference of advanced retinal teaching (ART) 2015. The clear focus of these annual get-togethers is to present, discuss and understand novel and relevant perspectives in the field of retina with the potential to induce paradigm shifts. This in ...
... it is a great privilege to have you with us at the 12th conference of advanced retinal teaching (ART) 2015. The clear focus of these annual get-togethers is to present, discuss and understand novel and relevant perspectives in the field of retina with the potential to induce paradigm shifts. This in ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... Yet a limitation of the HGM approach applied in previous experimental studies is that, like ESM, it crucially relies on active patient cooperation and compliance over an extended time period. This may be difficult to achieve in infants, small children, and in cognitively impaired individuals, or if e ...
... Yet a limitation of the HGM approach applied in previous experimental studies is that, like ESM, it crucially relies on active patient cooperation and compliance over an extended time period. This may be difficult to achieve in infants, small children, and in cognitively impaired individuals, or if e ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... an excitatory neuron to an inhibitory neuron, which sends feedback directly to the presynaptic terminals. They showed through computer simulations that tuning the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms can selectively increase the network output cross-correlation for certain ...
... an excitatory neuron to an inhibitory neuron, which sends feedback directly to the presynaptic terminals. They showed through computer simulations that tuning the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms can selectively increase the network output cross-correlation for certain ...
Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single
... low-dimensional versions of a given data set. Minimizing the difference between the two sets of conditional probabilities preserves the local neighborhood structure in the low-dimensional mapping. In order to reduce computational complexity, we perform a preliminary round of dimensionality reduction ...
... low-dimensional versions of a given data set. Minimizing the difference between the two sets of conditional probabilities preserves the local neighborhood structure in the low-dimensional mapping. In order to reduce computational complexity, we perform a preliminary round of dimensionality reduction ...
Surgical Planning Laboratory
... • The rods are responsible for the detection of dim light, whereas the cones mediate color vision • The retina output originates in the ganglion cells • The visual stimulus is transmitted from photoreceptor cells to the ganglion cells via an intricate network of interneurons ...
... • The rods are responsible for the detection of dim light, whereas the cones mediate color vision • The retina output originates in the ganglion cells • The visual stimulus is transmitted from photoreceptor cells to the ganglion cells via an intricate network of interneurons ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... How can we study our brains? Your brain is the most important organ in your body. It controls your organs, your behavior and your memories and emotions. Without it, none of these would function – and you wouldn’t be aware of it, because the brain also controls the very basis for human consciousness. ...
... How can we study our brains? Your brain is the most important organ in your body. It controls your organs, your behavior and your memories and emotions. Without it, none of these would function – and you wouldn’t be aware of it, because the brain also controls the very basis for human consciousness. ...
Introduction
... • The rods are responsible for the detection of dim light, whereas the cones mediate color vision • The retina output originates in the ganglion cells • The visual stimulus is transmitted from photoreceptor cells to the ganglion cells via an intricate network of interneurons ...
... • The rods are responsible for the detection of dim light, whereas the cones mediate color vision • The retina output originates in the ganglion cells • The visual stimulus is transmitted from photoreceptor cells to the ganglion cells via an intricate network of interneurons ...