Mercury and the Developing Brain
... axon gives rise to many smaller axon branches before ending at nerve terminals. Another extension of the cell body includes dendrites, which extend from the neuron cell Figure 3. The Healthy Neuron ...
... axon gives rise to many smaller axon branches before ending at nerve terminals. Another extension of the cell body includes dendrites, which extend from the neuron cell Figure 3. The Healthy Neuron ...
neurocircuitry of addiction
... cell firing (29). Although these data strongly indicate a common action of drugs of abuse to stimulate dopamine transmission, notable exceptions exist. Of the major classes of drugs of abuse, the allosteric GABAA receptor agonists, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates, do not appear to stimula ...
... cell firing (29). Although these data strongly indicate a common action of drugs of abuse to stimulate dopamine transmission, notable exceptions exist. Of the major classes of drugs of abuse, the allosteric GABAA receptor agonists, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates, do not appear to stimula ...
Investigating circadian rhythmicity in pain sensitivity using
... horn neuron and Aδ fibers [17], a wide-dynamic range projection neuron [1], and for the dorsal horn circuit between a projection, inhibitory, and excitatory neuron [38]. All these models were validated by showing that they are able to reproduce observed phenomena such as wind-up in the presence of n ...
... horn neuron and Aδ fibers [17], a wide-dynamic range projection neuron [1], and for the dorsal horn circuit between a projection, inhibitory, and excitatory neuron [38]. All these models were validated by showing that they are able to reproduce observed phenomena such as wind-up in the presence of n ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... play a particularly central role in an animal’s choice-related behaviors, such as to eat food or to run on the wheel. Thus, among the many types of synapses that exist within the PFC, we chose to assess the extent of axo-somatic inhibitory contacts formed by GABAergic axon terminals onto layer V pyr ...
... play a particularly central role in an animal’s choice-related behaviors, such as to eat food or to run on the wheel. Thus, among the many types of synapses that exist within the PFC, we chose to assess the extent of axo-somatic inhibitory contacts formed by GABAergic axon terminals onto layer V pyr ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... ( p ⬍ 0.05) were used to determine whether counts of cells were different from zero. Significant direction signaling, as a function of time, was determined using a sliding window analysis. For STOP and GO trials independently, activity between the preferred and nonpreferred directions was compared i ...
... ( p ⬍ 0.05) were used to determine whether counts of cells were different from zero. Significant direction signaling, as a function of time, was determined using a sliding window analysis. For STOP and GO trials independently, activity between the preferred and nonpreferred directions was compared i ...
The World: Psychology
... – The visible part of the ear, consisting of the pinna and the auditory canal – The pinna is the oddly shaped, curved flap of cartilage that is the visible part of the outer ear – The auditory canal is about 1 inch long, and its entrance is lined with hairs – The eardrum is at the end of the auditor ...
... – The visible part of the ear, consisting of the pinna and the auditory canal – The pinna is the oddly shaped, curved flap of cartilage that is the visible part of the outer ear – The auditory canal is about 1 inch long, and its entrance is lined with hairs – The eardrum is at the end of the auditor ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Discuss the roles played by neurotransmitters. • Describe the three types of reflexes and explain how they work. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
... • Discuss the roles played by neurotransmitters. • Describe the three types of reflexes and explain how they work. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... neural mechanisms can be distinguished: stimulus-driven increases of processing and attention-driven regulation. Measures of brain activity obtained using fMRI are a valuable source of data for studying the operation of both mechanisms. By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activit ...
... neural mechanisms can be distinguished: stimulus-driven increases of processing and attention-driven regulation. Measures of brain activity obtained using fMRI are a valuable source of data for studying the operation of both mechanisms. By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activit ...
Quick Quiz 1 - child-development-2011
... Rationale: The textbook explains four principles of development that are demonstrated during infancy. Cephalocaudal principle states that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body. The principle that development proceeds fr ...
... Rationale: The textbook explains four principles of development that are demonstrated during infancy. Cephalocaudal principle states that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body. The principle that development proceeds fr ...
$doc.title
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... These data suggest that the nucleus of the solitary tract probably contains a subpopulation of cardiovascular-related neurons whose bioelectrical activity may be affected by exogenous vasopressin. In the present study, using electrophysiological recordings from brain-stem slices, we show that vasopr ...
... These data suggest that the nucleus of the solitary tract probably contains a subpopulation of cardiovascular-related neurons whose bioelectrical activity may be affected by exogenous vasopressin. In the present study, using electrophysiological recordings from brain-stem slices, we show that vasopr ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... ⫾200 ms around syllable onset (or offset). The timing of the rate change relative to the syllable onset (or offset) was computed as the time of maximal rate change above (for rate increases) or below (for rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), his ...
... ⫾200 ms around syllable onset (or offset). The timing of the rate change relative to the syllable onset (or offset) was computed as the time of maximal rate change above (for rate increases) or below (for rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), his ...
Voluntary Movement: The Primary Motor Cortex
... to different body parts in a fixed temporal sequence that varied from patient to patient, a pattern called Jacksonian march. Jackson concluded that paroxysmal neural activity generated by epileptic foci located near the central sulcus caused the involuntary seizures. He speculated that the progressi ...
... to different body parts in a fixed temporal sequence that varied from patient to patient, a pattern called Jacksonian march. Jackson concluded that paroxysmal neural activity generated by epileptic foci located near the central sulcus caused the involuntary seizures. He speculated that the progressi ...
Functional Neuronal Processing of Body Odors
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
Stephen Hawking
... having ALS?” Hawking’s answer is, “Not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not many.” Hawking has lived with ALS most of his life, but never let his disease prevent him from living his life. ...
... having ALS?” Hawking’s answer is, “Not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not many.” Hawking has lived with ALS most of his life, but never let his disease prevent him from living his life. ...
Encoding and decoding in fMRI
... and decoding models that answers several fundamental questions about their relative utility for fMRI. Is there any difference between the sensory or cognitive representations that can be studied with encoding and decoding models? Are there any advantages to using either type of model? Are there any ...
... and decoding models that answers several fundamental questions about their relative utility for fMRI. Is there any difference between the sensory or cognitive representations that can be studied with encoding and decoding models? Are there any advantages to using either type of model? Are there any ...
sensory receptors
... • Explain the structure and function of the retina's layers, describe the distribution of rods and cones, and discuss the role of photoreceptors in visual acuity. ...
... • Explain the structure and function of the retina's layers, describe the distribution of rods and cones, and discuss the role of photoreceptors in visual acuity. ...
(15 pages pdf)
... not cause simply a ‘‘shift-up’’ in the puff-response curve due to an increase in spontaneous locomotor activity but rather that the flies take longer to ‘‘calm down’’ following the repetitive startle stimulus. This enhanced reactivity to mechanical startle is also reflected in the elevated prepuff a ...
... not cause simply a ‘‘shift-up’’ in the puff-response curve due to an increase in spontaneous locomotor activity but rather that the flies take longer to ‘‘calm down’’ following the repetitive startle stimulus. This enhanced reactivity to mechanical startle is also reflected in the elevated prepuff a ...
PREFRONTAL AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE INTERACTIONS IN
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... EAAT2 has been found inactive. Defective glutamate transport and loss of EAAT2 protein have also been observed in affected brain regions of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Masliah et al., 1996). Overactivation of glutamatergic neurons can result in a neurodegenerative process known as excitotoxic ...
... EAAT2 has been found inactive. Defective glutamate transport and loss of EAAT2 protein have also been observed in affected brain regions of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Masliah et al., 1996). Overactivation of glutamatergic neurons can result in a neurodegenerative process known as excitotoxic ...
(2003). Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
ch_12_lecture_presentation
... • 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. ...
... • 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... were performed as described previously (Kolk et al., 2009). SN or VTA explants were rapidly dissected from E12.5–E14.5 C57BL/6 embryos or from wild-type or Frizzled3 mutant embryos and embedded in close proximity to (⬃300 m apart) aggregates of HEK293 cells transiently transfected with expression v ...
... were performed as described previously (Kolk et al., 2009). SN or VTA explants were rapidly dissected from E12.5–E14.5 C57BL/6 embryos or from wild-type or Frizzled3 mutant embryos and embedded in close proximity to (⬃300 m apart) aggregates of HEK293 cells transiently transfected with expression v ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...