The Spinal Nerve
... the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system. 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands. 13-4 Describe the major components of a spinal nerve, and relate the distribution pattern of spinal nerves to ...
... the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system. 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands. 13-4 Describe the major components of a spinal nerve, and relate the distribution pattern of spinal nerves to ...
the axon hillock and the initial segment
... is strengthened by the observation that the undercoating is apparently attenuated or absent beneath the axonal surface in contact with synaptic terminals. At these sites it gives way to the special and different, patchy postsynaptic densities. The undercoating, therefore, might be considered as a st ...
... is strengthened by the observation that the undercoating is apparently attenuated or absent beneath the axonal surface in contact with synaptic terminals. At these sites it gives way to the special and different, patchy postsynaptic densities. The undercoating, therefore, might be considered as a st ...
Mapping the Brain
... immediate classification of neurons into large classes: sensory neurons (with distinctive sensory dendrites and cilia), motor neurons (with neuromuscular junctions) and interneurons (a term that is used in C. elegans to describe any neuron that is not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing project ...
... immediate classification of neurons into large classes: sensory neurons (with distinctive sensory dendrites and cilia), motor neurons (with neuromuscular junctions) and interneurons (a term that is used in C. elegans to describe any neuron that is not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing project ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... (Fig. 2.12A1,3) or with polyphasic (Fig. 2.12A2) configurations. This statement does not merely apply to individual ictal potentials but is also true for prolonged trains of potentials during the convulsion. As Fig. 2.12B shows, paroxysmal depolarizations of pyramidal tract cells may be accompanied ...
... (Fig. 2.12A1,3) or with polyphasic (Fig. 2.12A2) configurations. This statement does not merely apply to individual ictal potentials but is also true for prolonged trains of potentials during the convulsion. As Fig. 2.12B shows, paroxysmal depolarizations of pyramidal tract cells may be accompanied ...
My First PowerPoint Presentation
... Regulates firing rate of both DA and 5-HT neurons potentially via interference with autoreceptor regulation Potential anxiolytic effect in stress-induced hyperthermia test in mice Reduces cocaine and NMDA antagonist induced hyperactivity in mice Reduces hyperactivity of DAT-KO mice ...
... Regulates firing rate of both DA and 5-HT neurons potentially via interference with autoreceptor regulation Potential anxiolytic effect in stress-induced hyperthermia test in mice Reduces cocaine and NMDA antagonist induced hyperactivity in mice Reduces hyperactivity of DAT-KO mice ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... Drosophila modulates the physiology of glomerular circuitry on short time scales (Yu et al., 2004). In honeybee workers, the volume of a few identified glomeruli correlates with and is modulated by foraging experience outside the confines of the hive (Winnington et al., 1996). Previous studies in Dr ...
... Drosophila modulates the physiology of glomerular circuitry on short time scales (Yu et al., 2004). In honeybee workers, the volume of a few identified glomeruli correlates with and is modulated by foraging experience outside the confines of the hive (Winnington et al., 1996). Previous studies in Dr ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... to observe, and beyond the capabilities of most labs. This lesson describes an extracellular recording technique that is much easier to perform, but records the compound or “summed” response from a group of cells, which is why it is called compound action potential (CAP). Although CAP recordings pro ...
... to observe, and beyond the capabilities of most labs. This lesson describes an extracellular recording technique that is much easier to perform, but records the compound or “summed” response from a group of cells, which is why it is called compound action potential (CAP). Although CAP recordings pro ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... Figure 1. Characterization of the Nf19a–/9a– mutant. (a) Results of the reverse transcription-PCR in cortex and hippocampus in WT and Nf19a–/9a– mice showing loss of Nf1 exon 9a-containing transcripts in Nf19a–/9a– mice (representative image, quantitative PCR experiment performed on 7 WT and 9 mutan ...
... Figure 1. Characterization of the Nf19a–/9a– mutant. (a) Results of the reverse transcription-PCR in cortex and hippocampus in WT and Nf19a–/9a– mice showing loss of Nf1 exon 9a-containing transcripts in Nf19a–/9a– mice (representative image, quantitative PCR experiment performed on 7 WT and 9 mutan ...
The Spinal Nerve
... the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system. 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands. 13-4 Describe the major components of a spinal nerve, and relate the distribution pattern of spinal nerves to ...
... the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system. 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands. 13-4 Describe the major components of a spinal nerve, and relate the distribution pattern of spinal nerves to ...
Migration and Differentiation of Neural Crest
... extensively before they differentiate. The study of vertebrate neural crest cell migration and differentiation has been greatly facilitated by analysisof this behavior in culture. Such studies have reported that avian neural crest cells differentiate in vitro into a variety of cell types, including ...
... extensively before they differentiate. The study of vertebrate neural crest cell migration and differentiation has been greatly facilitated by analysisof this behavior in culture. Such studies have reported that avian neural crest cells differentiate in vitro into a variety of cell types, including ...
Takehiro Matsumora, Kowa Koida and Hidehiko Komatsu
... Initially, the color selectivity of the recorded neuron was determined in a fixation task (see FIXATION TASK for details) and sample color sets for the subsequent discrimination task were tailored to the color selectivity of that neuron. The center color in the sample color set (color #4) was select ...
... Initially, the color selectivity of the recorded neuron was determined in a fixation task (see FIXATION TASK for details) and sample color sets for the subsequent discrimination task were tailored to the color selectivity of that neuron. The center color in the sample color set (color #4) was select ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... In addition to controlling the specificity of dendrite patterning, cell-intrinsic mechanisms also coordinate the timing of dendrite morphogenesis. Neonatal RGCs rapidly lose the ability to extend axons upon the onset of dendrite development (Goldberg et al., 2002; Goldberg, 2004). Furthermore, RGCs ...
... In addition to controlling the specificity of dendrite patterning, cell-intrinsic mechanisms also coordinate the timing of dendrite morphogenesis. Neonatal RGCs rapidly lose the ability to extend axons upon the onset of dendrite development (Goldberg et al., 2002; Goldberg, 2004). Furthermore, RGCs ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... of knockout of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 in mouse postnatal motor neurons using Cre/loxp system. These mice developed progressive weight loss and motor impairment around the age of 60 weeks, and exhibited degeneration of large motor axon, grouped atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and ...
... of knockout of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 in mouse postnatal motor neurons using Cre/loxp system. These mice developed progressive weight loss and motor impairment around the age of 60 weeks, and exhibited degeneration of large motor axon, grouped atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and ...
Neurologic System The nervous system Central and peripheral
... Tactile agnosia, an inability to recognize objects by touch, suggests parietal lobe lesion Two-point discrimination Distance at which the patient can no longer distinguish two points Varies with body parts Sensory Function (Cont.) Cortical sensory function (Cont.) Extinction phenomenon Simultaneousl ...
... Tactile agnosia, an inability to recognize objects by touch, suggests parietal lobe lesion Two-point discrimination Distance at which the patient can no longer distinguish two points Varies with body parts Sensory Function (Cont.) Cortical sensory function (Cont.) Extinction phenomenon Simultaneousl ...
Glia Engulf Degenerating Axons during Developmental Axon Pruning
... with Axon Pruning MVBs and MLBs are typically thought to be associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, which plays an important role in degradation of engulfed proteins and cellular debris (reviewed in [22, 23]). Specifically, studies of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in Drosophila have impli ...
... with Axon Pruning MVBs and MLBs are typically thought to be associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, which plays an important role in degradation of engulfed proteins and cellular debris (reviewed in [22, 23]). Specifically, studies of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in Drosophila have impli ...
Predominance of Movement Speed Over Direction in Neuronal
... vector. Recently, there is also increasing interest in the representation of movement parameters in neuronal population activity, such as reflected in the intracranial EEG (iEEG). We show that in iEEG, contrasting to what has been previously found on the single neuron level, speed predominates over v ...
... vector. Recently, there is also increasing interest in the representation of movement parameters in neuronal population activity, such as reflected in the intracranial EEG (iEEG). We show that in iEEG, contrasting to what has been previously found on the single neuron level, speed predominates over v ...
Human Biology I - Control and Development
... How Neurons Work Most synapses are chemical synapses. Chemical synapses allow for a finer degree of control. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, the neuron releases a chemical messenger called a neurotransmitter into the space between the neuron and the target cell. Neurotransmit ...
... How Neurons Work Most synapses are chemical synapses. Chemical synapses allow for a finer degree of control. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, the neuron releases a chemical messenger called a neurotransmitter into the space between the neuron and the target cell. Neurotransmit ...
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... system architecture have been implemented. These modules and models were developed as collaborations between the computational partners of Nancy, Ulm and Sunderland. This was done based on motivation from the biological partners of MRC, Cambridge and Parma. 5.1 Sentence input and output The MirrorBo ...
... system architecture have been implemented. These modules and models were developed as collaborations between the computational partners of Nancy, Ulm and Sunderland. This was done based on motivation from the biological partners of MRC, Cambridge and Parma. 5.1 Sentence input and output The MirrorBo ...
Trigeminal, Gustatory, and Visceral Sensory Systems
... 1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus. Small diameter afferent fibers, which mediate pain and temperature senses, enter the pons and descend in the spinal trigeminal tract. (Where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers located?) These afferents synapse on second-order neurons in the spinal trigem ...
... 1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus. Small diameter afferent fibers, which mediate pain and temperature senses, enter the pons and descend in the spinal trigeminal tract. (Where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers located?) These afferents synapse on second-order neurons in the spinal trigem ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... into the rostral pons reversibly increase the duration of inspiration in vagotomized rats, and this increase is dose-dependent (Fung et al., 1994). This suggests that the rostral pons contains neurons with NMDA-receptors participating in the inspiratory off-switch mechanism. Morrison et al. (1994) s ...
... into the rostral pons reversibly increase the duration of inspiration in vagotomized rats, and this increase is dose-dependent (Fung et al., 1994). This suggests that the rostral pons contains neurons with NMDA-receptors participating in the inspiratory off-switch mechanism. Morrison et al. (1994) s ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... in mind that each trunk receives fibres from both cervical vagus nerves.5 The number of posterior and anterior trunks passing through the diaphragmatic opening is variable, up to two in the former and three in the latter.5 The anterior trunk distributes gastric branches to the anterior aspect of the ...
... in mind that each trunk receives fibres from both cervical vagus nerves.5 The number of posterior and anterior trunks passing through the diaphragmatic opening is variable, up to two in the former and three in the latter.5 The anterior trunk distributes gastric branches to the anterior aspect of the ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... short overview of the perspectives offered by technical advances for deciphering more precisely the different neural components underlying the emergence of theta oscillations. Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
... short overview of the perspectives offered by technical advances for deciphering more precisely the different neural components underlying the emergence of theta oscillations. Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... The same light stimulus intensity was used for all experiments in a given strain, having been preset at an intensity that elicited a mean latency of 2.9 –3.2 sec in room air. To avoid the possibility of tissue damage, a cutoff time of 10 sec was used; if no response had occurred by this time, a valu ...
... The same light stimulus intensity was used for all experiments in a given strain, having been preset at an intensity that elicited a mean latency of 2.9 –3.2 sec in room air. To avoid the possibility of tissue damage, a cutoff time of 10 sec was used; if no response had occurred by this time, a valu ...