Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... cortical region where a cognitive / motor “command”, coming from a different cortical region (e.g., prefrontal cortex), is being modulated and “funneled” to the motor system. We further propose that this modulation takes place within distinct, motor output-specific subregions of the ACC, thus emphas ...
... cortical region where a cognitive / motor “command”, coming from a different cortical region (e.g., prefrontal cortex), is being modulated and “funneled” to the motor system. We further propose that this modulation takes place within distinct, motor output-specific subregions of the ACC, thus emphas ...
synaptic connections made by axons
... that extend extracranially (Vidal-Sanz et al. 1987; Carter et al. 1989a) or extraspinally (David and Aguayo, 1981) for several centimetres before re-entering the CNS facilitates the study of axonal growth and connectivity by anatomical and electrophysiological techniques, minimizing undue spread of ...
... that extend extracranially (Vidal-Sanz et al. 1987; Carter et al. 1989a) or extraspinally (David and Aguayo, 1981) for several centimetres before re-entering the CNS facilitates the study of axonal growth and connectivity by anatomical and electrophysiological techniques, minimizing undue spread of ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... 1992; Kang and Kitai, 1993; Amini et al., 1999). In addition, Ca2+ signals in dopamine neurons appear to play important roles in somatodendritic dopamine releases or dendritic secretions (Nedergaard et al., 1988; Jaffe et al., 1998). Thus the glutamate-mediated Ca2+ signals appear to be important in ...
... 1992; Kang and Kitai, 1993; Amini et al., 1999). In addition, Ca2+ signals in dopamine neurons appear to play important roles in somatodendritic dopamine releases or dendritic secretions (Nedergaard et al., 1988; Jaffe et al., 1998). Thus the glutamate-mediated Ca2+ signals appear to be important in ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... The monkeys generated a force ramp in the indicated direction in the horizontal plane to move the cursor into the peripheral target, and held it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax th ...
... The monkeys generated a force ramp in the indicated direction in the horizontal plane to move the cursor into the peripheral target, and held it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax th ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... Impulse Processing A. How impulses are processed is dependent upon how neurons are organized in the brain and spinal cord. B. Neuronal Pools ...
... Impulse Processing A. How impulses are processed is dependent upon how neurons are organized in the brain and spinal cord. B. Neuronal Pools ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsych
... • Reticular activating system (reticular formation) – Mixture of fibers and cells in the brainstem with fibers from the spinal cord passing through the brainstem on their way to the forebrain and fibers from the forebrain passing through the brainstem on their way to the spinal cord. • RAS compris ...
... • Reticular activating system (reticular formation) – Mixture of fibers and cells in the brainstem with fibers from the spinal cord passing through the brainstem on their way to the forebrain and fibers from the forebrain passing through the brainstem on their way to the spinal cord. • RAS compris ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... midbrain tissue, total α-synuclein mRNA levels were found to be increased by 4-fold on average compared to control brains [27], although the variability between PD cases was very high. Contradictory results showing a reduction of α-synuclein mRNA in surviving neurons from the same brain region have ...
... midbrain tissue, total α-synuclein mRNA levels were found to be increased by 4-fold on average compared to control brains [27], although the variability between PD cases was very high. Contradictory results showing a reduction of α-synuclein mRNA in surviving neurons from the same brain region have ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... evidence for a growth-inhibitory role of these proteoglycans in vivo is still lacking.We therefore performed dorsal root lesion (rhizotomy) in mice deficient in both Neurocan and Brevican. Rhizotomy in these animals resulted in no significant increase in the number of sensory fibres regenerating thr ...
... evidence for a growth-inhibitory role of these proteoglycans in vivo is still lacking.We therefore performed dorsal root lesion (rhizotomy) in mice deficient in both Neurocan and Brevican. Rhizotomy in these animals resulted in no significant increase in the number of sensory fibres regenerating thr ...
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... ENV-3013, Med Associates). Chambers were equipped with conductive grid and rod floors connected to a shock scrambler (ENV-414S, Med Associates) set to 0.40 mA. The active avoidance test was performed in a 42 ⫻ 16.5 cm center channel modular shuttle box chamber (ENV010MC, Med Associates) equipped wit ...
... ENV-3013, Med Associates). Chambers were equipped with conductive grid and rod floors connected to a shock scrambler (ENV-414S, Med Associates) set to 0.40 mA. The active avoidance test was performed in a 42 ⫻ 16.5 cm center channel modular shuttle box chamber (ENV010MC, Med Associates) equipped wit ...
Document
... THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The normal body must accomplish a gigantic and enormously complex job—keeping itself alive and healthy. Each one of its billions of cells performs some activity that is a part of this function. Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished in part by two body-wide c ...
... THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The normal body must accomplish a gigantic and enormously complex job—keeping itself alive and healthy. Each one of its billions of cells performs some activity that is a part of this function. Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished in part by two body-wide c ...
to the Proceedings
... The classic view of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is that the “primary” targets are hair cells, and that cochlear-nerve loss occurs only “secondary” to hair cell degeneration. Our work has challenged that view. In noise-induced hearing loss, exposures causing only reversible threshold shifts (an ...
... The classic view of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is that the “primary” targets are hair cells, and that cochlear-nerve loss occurs only “secondary” to hair cell degeneration. Our work has challenged that view. In noise-induced hearing loss, exposures causing only reversible threshold shifts (an ...
Pain - mbbsclub.com
... to a structure that developed from the same embryonic segment or dermatome as the structure in which the pain originates. E.g, the arm and heart have the same segmental origin. CONVERGENCE –PROJECTION THEORY: The basis for referred pain may be convergence of somatic and visceral pain fibers on the s ...
... to a structure that developed from the same embryonic segment or dermatome as the structure in which the pain originates. E.g, the arm and heart have the same segmental origin. CONVERGENCE –PROJECTION THEORY: The basis for referred pain may be convergence of somatic and visceral pain fibers on the s ...
Altered cortical and subcortical connectivity due to infrasound
... environment is produced by continuous sources such as wind-turbines, traffic (cars and planes) or air-conditioning systems, we reasoned that IS may rather exert influences on the nervous system as a constant and subtle source of (sub-)liminal stimulation, than a source of punctual stimulatory events ...
... environment is produced by continuous sources such as wind-turbines, traffic (cars and planes) or air-conditioning systems, we reasoned that IS may rather exert influences on the nervous system as a constant and subtle source of (sub-)liminal stimulation, than a source of punctual stimulatory events ...
521 THE CHOLINERGIC LIMBIC SYSTEM: PROJECTIONS TO
... replacing them with high frequency low amplitude activity, but also produces a synchronized hippocampal EEG, with slow high amplitude waves (e rhythm: Jung and Kommuller, 1938; Green and Arduini, 1954), on which fast activity may be superimposed. The significance, however, of these different pattern ...
... replacing them with high frequency low amplitude activity, but also produces a synchronized hippocampal EEG, with slow high amplitude waves (e rhythm: Jung and Kommuller, 1938; Green and Arduini, 1954), on which fast activity may be superimposed. The significance, however, of these different pattern ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Two areas within the frontal lobes play important roles in eye movement control. One area resides laterally and is known as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. The other resides medially and dorsally and is often termed the supplementary eye field Žsee Schall w230x.. As will become clear from this review, ...
... Two areas within the frontal lobes play important roles in eye movement control. One area resides laterally and is known as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. The other resides medially and dorsally and is often termed the supplementary eye field Žsee Schall w230x.. As will become clear from this review, ...
Lecture 14 Olfaction
... • How can we detect so many different scents if our genes only code for about 1000 olfactory receptors? • We can detect the pattern of activity across receptors. • Intensity of odorant also changes which receptors will be activated. Weak concentrations of an odorant may not smell the same as stron ...
... • How can we detect so many different scents if our genes only code for about 1000 olfactory receptors? • We can detect the pattern of activity across receptors. • Intensity of odorant also changes which receptors will be activated. Weak concentrations of an odorant may not smell the same as stron ...
Table of Contents
... is an interneuron (White et al., 1986). Although Ascaris and C. elegans are diverged by 500 million years, their nervous systems are remarkably conserved. In Ascaris, a nearly equivalent set of 26 major GABA-synthesizing neurons were identified by immunostaining (Guastella et al., 1991; Johnson and ...
... is an interneuron (White et al., 1986). Although Ascaris and C. elegans are diverged by 500 million years, their nervous systems are remarkably conserved. In Ascaris, a nearly equivalent set of 26 major GABA-synthesizing neurons were identified by immunostaining (Guastella et al., 1991; Johnson and ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... throughout the course of my studies as a best friend and scientific guide and without whose support and confidence I would never be able to complete this thesis. ...
... throughout the course of my studies as a best friend and scientific guide and without whose support and confidence I would never be able to complete this thesis. ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... of descending pathways may vary from excitation to inhibition depending on the response characteristics and laminar location of the spinal dorsal horn neuron (Laird and Cervero, 1990); this is in line with the evidence showing a differential effect of specific brain areas upon superficial versus dee ...
... of descending pathways may vary from excitation to inhibition depending on the response characteristics and laminar location of the spinal dorsal horn neuron (Laird and Cervero, 1990); this is in line with the evidence showing a differential effect of specific brain areas upon superficial versus dee ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... software (Mathworks, MA) and finite impulse response filtering (FIR filtering). In addition, 60 Hz noise and their harmonics were minimized by notch filtering with Butterworth algorithms in Matlab. IHLs were measured from the high pass filtered recordings using the crossing of a set amplitude thresh ...
... software (Mathworks, MA) and finite impulse response filtering (FIR filtering). In addition, 60 Hz noise and their harmonics were minimized by notch filtering with Butterworth algorithms in Matlab. IHLs were measured from the high pass filtered recordings using the crossing of a set amplitude thresh ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... subsequent confocal microscopic analysis of biocytin-filled GnRH neurons have revealed an extensive dendritic arborization (16), which could not be detected reliably by labeling for the GnRH decapeptide itself. In most species, the majority of GnRH neurons are oval or fusiform in shape, with a maxim ...
... subsequent confocal microscopic analysis of biocytin-filled GnRH neurons have revealed an extensive dendritic arborization (16), which could not be detected reliably by labeling for the GnRH decapeptide itself. In most species, the majority of GnRH neurons are oval or fusiform in shape, with a maxim ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... local environmental cues, including levels and patterns of activity. Historically, dendrites were considered to be wholly intrinsically determined. In support of this idea, all neurons have an intrinsic ability to produce branched dendrites. This is clearly demonstrated by isolated neurons in cultur ...
... local environmental cues, including levels and patterns of activity. Historically, dendrites were considered to be wholly intrinsically determined. In support of this idea, all neurons have an intrinsic ability to produce branched dendrites. This is clearly demonstrated by isolated neurons in cultur ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... the Amaxa nucleofector) with 15 g of kinesin-5-EGFP and 15 g of mCherry-EB3 for coimaging and micro-CALI experiments. EB3 appears, when expressed as a fluorescent fusion protein, as fluorescent comets at the plus ends of microtubules as they undergo assembly (Stepanova et al., 2003; Nadar et al., ...
... the Amaxa nucleofector) with 15 g of kinesin-5-EGFP and 15 g of mCherry-EB3 for coimaging and micro-CALI experiments. EB3 appears, when expressed as a fluorescent fusion protein, as fluorescent comets at the plus ends of microtubules as they undergo assembly (Stepanova et al., 2003; Nadar et al., ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... emerged as a new paradigm that allows brain-derived information to control artificial actuators2 and communicate the subject’s motor intention to the outside world without the interference of the subject’s body. For the past decade and a half, numerous studies have shown how brain-derived motor sign ...
... emerged as a new paradigm that allows brain-derived information to control artificial actuators2 and communicate the subject’s motor intention to the outside world without the interference of the subject’s body. For the past decade and a half, numerous studies have shown how brain-derived motor sign ...
Modeling multiple time scale firing rate adaptation in a neural
... exponentials. In other words, to the degree that the filter h(t) can be approximated by exponentials, these methods will be similar and give the approximate results mentioned above. This approach can similarly be used to directly model multiple time scale processes such as time invariant power law r ...
... exponentials. In other words, to the degree that the filter h(t) can be approximated by exponentials, these methods will be similar and give the approximate results mentioned above. This approach can similarly be used to directly model multiple time scale processes such as time invariant power law r ...