Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... Abstract Synaptic transmission between neurons is the basic unit of communication in neural circuits. The relative number and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs across individual dendrites and neurons are the hardware of local dendritic and cellular computations. In this chapt ...
... Abstract Synaptic transmission between neurons is the basic unit of communication in neural circuits. The relative number and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs across individual dendrites and neurons are the hardware of local dendritic and cellular computations. In this chapt ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... stimuli and behavioral events, indicating that these instances of precise spike timing play a functional role. In another study, Riehle and colleagues found that simultaneously recorded activities of neurons in monkey primary motor cortex exhibited context-dependent, rapid changes in the patterns of ...
... stimuli and behavioral events, indicating that these instances of precise spike timing play a functional role. In another study, Riehle and colleagues found that simultaneously recorded activities of neurons in monkey primary motor cortex exhibited context-dependent, rapid changes in the patterns of ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides data concerning the scaling of neuronal somatodendritic geometry with increasing body and brain size (Tower 19 ...
... et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides data concerning the scaling of neuronal somatodendritic geometry with increasing body and brain size (Tower 19 ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... as we are constantly bombarded by sounds, we effortlessly extract necessary information, whether surrounded by fellow colleagues at a cocktail party, or hunting for prey (being a barn owl). When rapid changes in air pressure (sounds) hit our ears, sounds are transformed in cochlea into series of act ...
... as we are constantly bombarded by sounds, we effortlessly extract necessary information, whether surrounded by fellow colleagues at a cocktail party, or hunting for prey (being a barn owl). When rapid changes in air pressure (sounds) hit our ears, sounds are transformed in cochlea into series of act ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... Rhythm generation in intact preparations 1.1.1. Rhythms as an important feature of CNS function. Neural networks of many regions of the CNS are able to generate synchronized rhythmic activity. In humans rhythmic cortical activity has been recorded for years with electroencephalography (EEG). The var ...
... Rhythm generation in intact preparations 1.1.1. Rhythms as an important feature of CNS function. Neural networks of many regions of the CNS are able to generate synchronized rhythmic activity. In humans rhythmic cortical activity has been recorded for years with electroencephalography (EEG). The var ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... us to temporally dissociate the neuronal responses to eye movements from those to reward. In the memory-guided saccade task, a white target spot appeared 16 peripherally for 200 ms during central fixation of 800--1300 ms. Monkeys were required to remember the location of the target and to maintain fi ...
... us to temporally dissociate the neuronal responses to eye movements from those to reward. In the memory-guided saccade task, a white target spot appeared 16 peripherally for 200 ms during central fixation of 800--1300 ms. Monkeys were required to remember the location of the target and to maintain fi ...
Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... to it. Axons, no matter how dystrophic, remained continuous and initially morphologically normal outside the plaque region, reflecting support by metabolically active cell bodies and continued axonal transport. Immunochemical and ultrastructural studies showed dystrophic axons were tightly associated ...
... to it. Axons, no matter how dystrophic, remained continuous and initially morphologically normal outside the plaque region, reflecting support by metabolically active cell bodies and continued axonal transport. Immunochemical and ultrastructural studies showed dystrophic axons were tightly associated ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... 1987). The rate modulated, or non-homogenous renewal process generalizes this concept (Baker and Lemon, 2000; Barbieri et al., 2001; Berry and Meister, 1998; Brown et al., 2001; Oata, 1988; Oram et al., 1999; Reich et al., 1998; Truccolo et al., 2005). Let f (x ) denote the p.d.f. for an arbitrary ...
... 1987). The rate modulated, or non-homogenous renewal process generalizes this concept (Baker and Lemon, 2000; Barbieri et al., 2001; Berry and Meister, 1998; Brown et al., 2001; Oata, 1988; Oram et al., 1999; Reich et al., 1998; Truccolo et al., 2005). Let f (x ) denote the p.d.f. for an arbitrary ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Define Autonomic nervous system. Define sympathetic part of ANS. Compare somatic and autonomic systems. Recognize the components of sympathetic part of nervous system (thoracolumbar outflow: lateral gray horn, paravertebral sympathetic chain, prevertebral ganglia and plexuses). Differentiate between ...
... Define Autonomic nervous system. Define sympathetic part of ANS. Compare somatic and autonomic systems. Recognize the components of sympathetic part of nervous system (thoracolumbar outflow: lateral gray horn, paravertebral sympathetic chain, prevertebral ganglia and plexuses). Differentiate between ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... the orexin ligand or receptor genes49,51. In most narcoleptics, the disease begins in the second or third decade of life, and the loss of orexin neurons is remarkably specific (producing no injury to the adjacent neurons that produce MCH)48,49. The cause is believed to be autoimmune, although convin ...
... the orexin ligand or receptor genes49,51. In most narcoleptics, the disease begins in the second or third decade of life, and the loss of orexin neurons is remarkably specific (producing no injury to the adjacent neurons that produce MCH)48,49. The cause is believed to be autoimmune, although convin ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the suppression of unwanted behavior, based upon observations of humans and monkeys with prefrontal lesions. Despite this, there has been little direct neurophysiological evidence for a mechanism that suppresses specific behavior. In this study, we used a ...
... The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the suppression of unwanted behavior, based upon observations of humans and monkeys with prefrontal lesions. Despite this, there has been little direct neurophysiological evidence for a mechanism that suppresses specific behavior. In this study, we used a ...
Abstract The cochiear nucleus of the barn owl is composed of two
... spike times are measured with respect to the sine wave period present at the time the spike is detected, not to the one which caused the neuron to respond. The time difference between the activating and measurement sine wave periods corresponds to the neuron’s response latency, which is about 2.5 to ...
... spike times are measured with respect to the sine wave period present at the time the spike is detected, not to the one which caused the neuron to respond. The time difference between the activating and measurement sine wave periods corresponds to the neuron’s response latency, which is about 2.5 to ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... other activity in which saccades do not occur (9). Bruce and Goldberg (7) recently reported that only - 19% of frontal eye field neurons have purely postsaccadic activity. The majority of neurons recorded from by Bruce and Goldberg in awake behaving monkeys had some form of activity that preceded vi ...
... other activity in which saccades do not occur (9). Bruce and Goldberg (7) recently reported that only - 19% of frontal eye field neurons have purely postsaccadic activity. The majority of neurons recorded from by Bruce and Goldberg in awake behaving monkeys had some form of activity that preceded vi ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... (4–11). Despite their ubiquity and importance, however, very little is known about the neurons mediating corollary discharges. An ideal model system to analyze a corollary discharge is the singing male cricket (6, 12). Cricket song is composed of a series of 100 dB SPL chirps, repeated every 300 to ...
... (4–11). Despite their ubiquity and importance, however, very little is known about the neurons mediating corollary discharges. An ideal model system to analyze a corollary discharge is the singing male cricket (6, 12). Cricket song is composed of a series of 100 dB SPL chirps, repeated every 300 to ...
Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... or calcium blockers in clinical settings (Love et al. 2000). Evidence is accumulating on the mutual functional interplay between cellular organelles such as ER and mitochondria in response of neurons to various toxic agents, acute injuries and chronic pathological states of the brain, such as ischem ...
... or calcium blockers in clinical settings (Love et al. 2000). Evidence is accumulating on the mutual functional interplay between cellular organelles such as ER and mitochondria in response of neurons to various toxic agents, acute injuries and chronic pathological states of the brain, such as ischem ...
SELECTIVE DAMAGE TO AND PROTECTION OF IN VITRO
... colitis in guinea pigs, about 20% of myenteric neurons were lost within 12 hr of TNBSadministration (Linden et al., 2005). These changes in the ENS are an early and sensitive indicator of damage and can themselves have functional consequences. Similar results have been observed in tissue obtained fr ...
... colitis in guinea pigs, about 20% of myenteric neurons were lost within 12 hr of TNBSadministration (Linden et al., 2005). These changes in the ENS are an early and sensitive indicator of damage and can themselves have functional consequences. Similar results have been observed in tissue obtained fr ...
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com
... 1. A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell. This is the action potential. 2. Neurons fire in an al ...
... 1. A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell. This is the action potential. 2. Neurons fire in an al ...
Coupling in Networks of Neuronal Oscillators (Spring 2015)
... could orbit the sun in a different pattern, such as Venus’ or Mars’, its current orbit is ideal for life. If a doomsday asteroid knocked the Earth slightly off track, wouldn’t it be great if the Earth had a natural tendency to fall back into the characteristic orbit that we know and love? Oscillator ...
... could orbit the sun in a different pattern, such as Venus’ or Mars’, its current orbit is ideal for life. If a doomsday asteroid knocked the Earth slightly off track, wouldn’t it be great if the Earth had a natural tendency to fall back into the characteristic orbit that we know and love? Oscillator ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... processes underlying the generation of purposive eye movements (for review see Goldberg and Segraves 1989). Since Ferrier’s observations in the 19th century, it has been known that electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe causes contralateral eye movements (Ferrier 1875 ), and more recent experime ...
... processes underlying the generation of purposive eye movements (for review see Goldberg and Segraves 1989). Since Ferrier’s observations in the 19th century, it has been known that electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe causes contralateral eye movements (Ferrier 1875 ), and more recent experime ...
Oscillatory phase coupling coordinates
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... offline digital computation) in the sense that every deterministic digital function that is computable at all (according to a well-established mathematical definition, see [41]) can be computed by some Turing machine. Before a Turing machine gives its output, it goes through a series of internal comput ...
... offline digital computation) in the sense that every deterministic digital function that is computable at all (according to a well-established mathematical definition, see [41]) can be computed by some Turing machine. Before a Turing machine gives its output, it goes through a series of internal comput ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... The timing of each spike is very important in determining its effects upon downstream neurons. Keith L. Downing ...
... The timing of each spike is very important in determining its effects upon downstream neurons. Keith L. Downing ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... around the injury site (Schnell and Schwab, 1990) and the rats showed evidence of functional recovery (Z’Graggen et al., 1998). IN-1 treatment also caused the upregulation of some growth-associated genes by Purkinje cells (Zagrebelsky et al., 1998). The molecule recognized by IN-1, named Nogo, is a ...
... around the injury site (Schnell and Schwab, 1990) and the rats showed evidence of functional recovery (Z’Graggen et al., 1998). IN-1 treatment also caused the upregulation of some growth-associated genes by Purkinje cells (Zagrebelsky et al., 1998). The molecule recognized by IN-1, named Nogo, is a ...