Mapping the Brain
... connectivity in the human cerebral cortex based on magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain image by Joachim Böttger and Daniel Margulies (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany) with compositing help by Tobias S. Hoffmann. Cover composition by Erin Dewalt. ...
... connectivity in the human cerebral cortex based on magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain image by Joachim Böttger and Daniel Margulies (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany) with compositing help by Tobias S. Hoffmann. Cover composition by Erin Dewalt. ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... threshold. Suppression of self-movement signals is therefore implemented by inhibition within ...
... threshold. Suppression of self-movement signals is therefore implemented by inhibition within ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... on slides to localize the FB injection site and to photograph cells retrogradely labeled with FB. This pattern of one thick and two thinner sections was repeated throughout the motor cortex. The 50-m sections were counterstained with cresyl violet to determine the laminar distribution of retrograde ...
... on slides to localize the FB injection site and to photograph cells retrogradely labeled with FB. This pattern of one thick and two thinner sections was repeated throughout the motor cortex. The 50-m sections were counterstained with cresyl violet to determine the laminar distribution of retrograde ...
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... longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and this structure could guide their migration into r6. The MLF is one of the first axon tracts to develop in zebrafish, emanating from clustered ventral cell bodies in the midbrain that make up the nucleus of the MLF (nMLF). nMLF interneurons extend long axon projectio ...
... longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and this structure could guide their migration into r6. The MLF is one of the first axon tracts to develop in zebrafish, emanating from clustered ventral cell bodies in the midbrain that make up the nucleus of the MLF (nMLF). nMLF interneurons extend long axon projectio ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... through the ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus upon the motor cortex, the activity of which controls specific motor acts through the pyramidal pathway. Supporting evidence for these ideas has been obtained mainly from experiments on monkeys, trained to perform various instrumental reactions (Brooks e ...
... through the ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus upon the motor cortex, the activity of which controls specific motor acts through the pyramidal pathway. Supporting evidence for these ideas has been obtained mainly from experiments on monkeys, trained to perform various instrumental reactions (Brooks e ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... without the presence of glial cells (Miyata et al. 2005) and dissociated hippocampal neurons in culture can form net-like ECM (John et al. 2006, Dityatev et al. 2007, Frischknecht et al. 2009). Formation of PNs depends on neuronal activity. Blocking of sodium channels by tetrodotoxine inhibits the f ...
... without the presence of glial cells (Miyata et al. 2005) and dissociated hippocampal neurons in culture can form net-like ECM (John et al. 2006, Dityatev et al. 2007, Frischknecht et al. 2009). Formation of PNs depends on neuronal activity. Blocking of sodium channels by tetrodotoxine inhibits the f ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
Can regenerating axons recapitulate developmental
... the obstacles to regeneration are cleared, growing adult CNS fibres usually remain misdirected and fail to reform functional connections. Here, we attempt to fill an important niche related to the topics of nervous system development and regeneration. We specifically contrast the difficulties faced ...
... the obstacles to regeneration are cleared, growing adult CNS fibres usually remain misdirected and fail to reform functional connections. Here, we attempt to fill an important niche related to the topics of nervous system development and regeneration. We specifically contrast the difficulties faced ...
Neural Tissue
... they make the afferent division of the PNS deliver information from sensory receptors to the CNS The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in peripheral sensory ganglia (a collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS) They are unipolar neurons with afferent fibers ...
... they make the afferent division of the PNS deliver information from sensory receptors to the CNS The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in peripheral sensory ganglia (a collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS) They are unipolar neurons with afferent fibers ...
PPT
... – Neurons contributing to the LFP signals have more diverse response properties the ones contributing to either SUA or MUA – Ex) LFP is a poor predictor of the behavior of single neurons LFP correlates better w/ the average signal of the neuronal population ...
... – Neurons contributing to the LFP signals have more diverse response properties the ones contributing to either SUA or MUA – Ex) LFP is a poor predictor of the behavior of single neurons LFP correlates better w/ the average signal of the neuronal population ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire – electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB): milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message – human brain damage Psychology, Fourth Edition, AP Ed ...
... into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire – electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB): milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message – human brain damage Psychology, Fourth Edition, AP Ed ...
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... mature r5Egr2-Pet1 neurons have GABAergic and serotonergic features, as suggested by prior anatomical studies (Stamp and Semba, 1995). Differential expression of Tac1, Egr2, and Gad1 by 5-HT neurons or their precursors suggests different functionalities and offers genetic access to subtypes of 5-HT ...
... mature r5Egr2-Pet1 neurons have GABAergic and serotonergic features, as suggested by prior anatomical studies (Stamp and Semba, 1995). Differential expression of Tac1, Egr2, and Gad1 by 5-HT neurons or their precursors suggests different functionalities and offers genetic access to subtypes of 5-HT ...
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... 15. What is the primary function of a synapse? a. To produce neurotransmitters b. To provide a place where neurons can communicate with one another c. To house the neuron's genetic material d. To allow an attachment between the axon and the cell body e. To release neurotransmitters ANS: B PTS: 1 REF ...
... 15. What is the primary function of a synapse? a. To produce neurotransmitters b. To provide a place where neurons can communicate with one another c. To house the neuron's genetic material d. To allow an attachment between the axon and the cell body e. To release neurotransmitters ANS: B PTS: 1 REF ...
A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action Selection
... (9) SNr and EP maintain a tonic inhibitory output over their target structures in thalamus and brainstem. Selection of an action is then encoded by suppression of the appropriate neural population (output “channel”) in SNr/EP, resulting in selective disinhibition of basal ganglia output targets (Che ...
... (9) SNr and EP maintain a tonic inhibitory output over their target structures in thalamus and brainstem. Selection of an action is then encoded by suppression of the appropriate neural population (output “channel”) in SNr/EP, resulting in selective disinhibition of basal ganglia output targets (Che ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... to reveal their cortical organization in rats, cats or monkeys (Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1974; Wise and Jones, 1976). Later studies used biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs) to describe their organization in more detail and provide a more refined understanding of global connectivity in the cortex (Yo ...
... to reveal their cortical organization in rats, cats or monkeys (Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1974; Wise and Jones, 1976). Later studies used biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs) to describe their organization in more detail and provide a more refined understanding of global connectivity in the cortex (Yo ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... simultaneously recorded pairs [1 neuron may have been paired with ⬎1 partner, thus n simultaneously recorded stable neurons yielded n*(n ⫺ 1) pairs] for the cross-correlation study (monkey E, 41; monkey G, 30 pairs). Orofacial dyskinesia is triggered by systemic injection of APO ...
... simultaneously recorded pairs [1 neuron may have been paired with ⬎1 partner, thus n simultaneously recorded stable neurons yielded n*(n ⫺ 1) pairs] for the cross-correlation study (monkey E, 41; monkey G, 30 pairs). Orofacial dyskinesia is triggered by systemic injection of APO ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... the transformations of the three steps were multiplied to produce the global transformation from functional brain stem space to standard MNI space. This transformation matrix was applied to statistical parametric maps to perform higher levels of analyses described below. Analysis: preprocessing. Pre ...
... the transformations of the three steps were multiplied to produce the global transformation from functional brain stem space to standard MNI space. This transformation matrix was applied to statistical parametric maps to perform higher levels of analyses described below. Analysis: preprocessing. Pre ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... In recent years, the development of MRI protocols suitable to visualize differ ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, ...
... In recent years, the development of MRI protocols suitable to visualize differ ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, ...
Mesodermal and neuronal retinoids regulate the induction and
... in forelimb spinal motor neurons led to a decrease of forelimb LMCl neurons, supporting the idea that motor neuron sources of RA are partly required for LMCl specification (Vermot et al., 2005, Fig. 8A). The homeobox protein Hoxc8 is thought to mediate this process as Hoxc8 expression is lost in LMC ...
... in forelimb spinal motor neurons led to a decrease of forelimb LMCl neurons, supporting the idea that motor neuron sources of RA are partly required for LMCl specification (Vermot et al., 2005, Fig. 8A). The homeobox protein Hoxc8 is thought to mediate this process as Hoxc8 expression is lost in LMC ...
How Is the Brain Organized?
... Latin, meaning “soft mother”). It is a moderately tough membrane of connectivetissue fibers that cling to the surface of the brain. Between the arachnoid and pia mater is a fluid, known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is a colorless solution of sodium chloride and other salts. It provides a cush ...
... Latin, meaning “soft mother”). It is a moderately tough membrane of connectivetissue fibers that cling to the surface of the brain. Between the arachnoid and pia mater is a fluid, known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is a colorless solution of sodium chloride and other salts. It provides a cush ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... normalized for each ganglion by dividing all cells for a particular ganglion by the cell having the highest integrated density for that ganglion. Thus, relative intensities for individual cells ranged from a maximum of one to a minimum that asymptotically approached zero. The magnification was such ...
... normalized for each ganglion by dividing all cells for a particular ganglion by the cell having the highest integrated density for that ganglion. Thus, relative intensities for individual cells ranged from a maximum of one to a minimum that asymptotically approached zero. The magnification was such ...
Neuronal polarity: establishing and maintaining the axon initial
... ion channels in the postsynapse open, by for instance binding of a neurotransmitter, which result in a local influx of sodium ions. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the membrane causing a local change in membrane resting potential (-60mV normally) towards a more positive charge. The electric s ...
... ion channels in the postsynapse open, by for instance binding of a neurotransmitter, which result in a local influx of sodium ions. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the membrane causing a local change in membrane resting potential (-60mV normally) towards a more positive charge. The electric s ...