Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single
... capture and display both spatial and temporal activity patterns in time series data are essential to both visualize and compare large-scale activity patterns and their relationship to behavior or activity in other brain areas. At their core, most neural data analysis methods are interested in an ass ...
... capture and display both spatial and temporal activity patterns in time series data are essential to both visualize and compare large-scale activity patterns and their relationship to behavior or activity in other brain areas. At their core, most neural data analysis methods are interested in an ass ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... from stimulus to onset of the antidromic action potential was 1.25 msec. This implied a minimum conduction velocity of 1.3 m/set for the axon collateral, and a greater conduction velocity depending on the extent to which it deviated from a direct line between the electrodes. The right-hand column of ...
... from stimulus to onset of the antidromic action potential was 1.25 msec. This implied a minimum conduction velocity of 1.3 m/set for the axon collateral, and a greater conduction velocity depending on the extent to which it deviated from a direct line between the electrodes. The right-hand column of ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studies have revealed that nonserotonergic neurons in the rat DR project to various brain regions (Aznar et al., 2004; Beitz et al., 1986; Datiche et al., 1995; Halberstadt and Balaban, 2006, 2007, 2008; Hay-Schmidt et ...
... substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studies have revealed that nonserotonergic neurons in the rat DR project to various brain regions (Aznar et al., 2004; Beitz et al., 1986; Datiche et al., 1995; Halberstadt and Balaban, 2006, 2007, 2008; Hay-Schmidt et ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... corticogenesis cannot be understood uniquely in terms of molecular prespecification but must also take into account the internal and external environmental factors that modulate organization as cortical development unfolds. The developing sensory apparatus produces environmental information from whi ...
... corticogenesis cannot be understood uniquely in terms of molecular prespecification but must also take into account the internal and external environmental factors that modulate organization as cortical development unfolds. The developing sensory apparatus produces environmental information from whi ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... in a systematic way in single neurons. The two hypothetical mechanisms were tested separately: side-offigure selectivity was determined with contrast-defined figures, which do not provide depth cues, and stereoedge selectivity was determined with RDS, which define depth but are devoid of contrast-de ...
... in a systematic way in single neurons. The two hypothetical mechanisms were tested separately: side-offigure selectivity was determined with contrast-defined figures, which do not provide depth cues, and stereoedge selectivity was determined with RDS, which define depth but are devoid of contrast-de ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... pins were embedded in dental acrylic. In 12 animals, bipolar recording electrodes (stainless steel Formvar-insulated wires, 120 pm in diameter) were implanted in 8 holes over the right hemisphere, using the same coordinates described above. One electrode tip lay on the surface of the dura, while the ...
... pins were embedded in dental acrylic. In 12 animals, bipolar recording electrodes (stainless steel Formvar-insulated wires, 120 pm in diameter) were implanted in 8 holes over the right hemisphere, using the same coordinates described above. One electrode tip lay on the surface of the dura, while the ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... orientation selectivity provided that the inhibition they receive is broadly tuned relative to their excitatory inputs. These results predict that the strength and orientation tuning of synaptic inhibition are heterogeneous across area 17 neurons, which could have important implications for these ne ...
... orientation selectivity provided that the inhibition they receive is broadly tuned relative to their excitatory inputs. These results predict that the strength and orientation tuning of synaptic inhibition are heterogeneous across area 17 neurons, which could have important implications for these ne ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... and in coordinating behavioral and physiological processes: the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We particularly emphasize the necessity of validating certain characteristics of a neural system to be the focus of studies investigating mechanisms of signal processi ...
... and in coordinating behavioral and physiological processes: the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We particularly emphasize the necessity of validating certain characteristics of a neural system to be the focus of studies investigating mechanisms of signal processi ...
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... Neurophysiologic responses can also be altered by experience. Experience-dependent remodeling of receptive fields and topographic organization of auditory cortex has also been observed in behaviorally trained animals (Ahissar and Ahissar 1994; Edeline 1999; Weinberger and Bakin 1998). Practice on fr ...
... Neurophysiologic responses can also be altered by experience. Experience-dependent remodeling of receptive fields and topographic organization of auditory cortex has also been observed in behaviorally trained animals (Ahissar and Ahissar 1994; Edeline 1999; Weinberger and Bakin 1998). Practice on fr ...
NEOCORTEX
... in the cortical stmctures, particularly the cerebellum and neocortex. Within the neoconex itself, the expansion is uneven. In comparison with nonhuman primates of equivalent body weight, the association and premotor areas have expanded relative to the sensory areas. When added together, the neocorte ...
... in the cortical stmctures, particularly the cerebellum and neocortex. Within the neoconex itself, the expansion is uneven. In comparison with nonhuman primates of equivalent body weight, the association and premotor areas have expanded relative to the sensory areas. When added together, the neocorte ...
Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... responses on LV choice trials were influenced by fictive outcomes (Hayden et were performed on binned, unsmoothed, firing rates of single neurons in al., 2009), we avoided this confounding factor by excluding LV choice trials 500 ms bins. All analyses were repeated with bins of other sizes (300 ms, ...
... responses on LV choice trials were influenced by fictive outcomes (Hayden et were performed on binned, unsmoothed, firing rates of single neurons in al., 2009), we avoided this confounding factor by excluding LV choice trials 500 ms bins. All analyses were repeated with bins of other sizes (300 ms, ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... fixation trials. For each test series, a single counting period bracketing the response maximum was used with its time position and duration (200-500 msec) selected by visual inspection of rasters of the impulse sequences, and frequently also from poststimulus time histograms. Differential responses ...
... fixation trials. For each test series, a single counting period bracketing the response maximum was used with its time position and duration (200-500 msec) selected by visual inspection of rasters of the impulse sequences, and frequently also from poststimulus time histograms. Differential responses ...
Baquet 2005 - USD Biology
... of BDNF⫺/⫺ mice. Mice with a floxed BDNF allele were bred with Wnt1-Cre mice to generate Wnt-BDNFKO mice that lack BDNF from the midbrain-hindbrain (MHB). These mice are viable but exhibit hindlimb clutching and poor rotarod performance. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron numbers in the subst ...
... of BDNF⫺/⫺ mice. Mice with a floxed BDNF allele were bred with Wnt1-Cre mice to generate Wnt-BDNFKO mice that lack BDNF from the midbrain-hindbrain (MHB). These mice are viable but exhibit hindlimb clutching and poor rotarod performance. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron numbers in the subst ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... 1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCI, HCI, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in sin ...
... 1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCI, HCI, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in sin ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... logy probing the circuitry of visual cortex, the first area in which microcircuitry was examined in detail. The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged ...
... logy probing the circuitry of visual cortex, the first area in which microcircuitry was examined in detail. The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... stimulations were encountered at the appropriate stereotaxic depth. Standard methods for single-unit recordings were used (Szwed et al. 2003). Single units were sorted online by spike templates (MSD-3.21; Alpha-Omega Engineering). Units were considered to be “single,” that is, to represent individua ...
... stimulations were encountered at the appropriate stereotaxic depth. Standard methods for single-unit recordings were used (Szwed et al. 2003). Single units were sorted online by spike templates (MSD-3.21; Alpha-Omega Engineering). Units were considered to be “single,” that is, to represent individua ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. Cholinergic neurons in the DMV promote gastric emptying via the vagus nerve. However, catecholaminergic neurons (rele ...
... Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. Cholinergic neurons in the DMV promote gastric emptying via the vagus nerve. However, catecholaminergic neurons (rele ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... Associative learning is a form of learning that results from exposure to a relationship between two events. ‘Conditioning procedures’ arrange different types of relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown that associative learn ...
... Associative learning is a form of learning that results from exposure to a relationship between two events. ‘Conditioning procedures’ arrange different types of relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown that associative learn ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... the slice chamber during recording. For recording, the slice was mounted on a nylon grid in a standard submersion-type slice chamber, with temperature maintained at 357C using a temperature controller. Stopcocks and an isometric pump were used to maintain the superfusion of bathing medium at Ç3 ml/m ...
... the slice chamber during recording. For recording, the slice was mounted on a nylon grid in a standard submersion-type slice chamber, with temperature maintained at 357C using a temperature controller. Stopcocks and an isometric pump were used to maintain the superfusion of bathing medium at Ç3 ml/m ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... Bate, personal communication). At the onset of metamorphosis, the discs start to evaginate. The cell bodies at the center of the disc, Al, A2, A3, and Pl , move with the future tip of the leg whereas their axons simply elongate. By 1 hr after puparium formation (APF) (Fig. 26), the leg begins to ass ...
... Bate, personal communication). At the onset of metamorphosis, the discs start to evaginate. The cell bodies at the center of the disc, Al, A2, A3, and Pl , move with the future tip of the leg whereas their axons simply elongate. By 1 hr after puparium formation (APF) (Fig. 26), the leg begins to ass ...
the electron microscopic localization of
... Roeder, 1956; Yamasaki and Narahashi, 1960; Treherne, 1962 b). These observations led to the suggestion (Twarog and Roeder, 1953; O'Brien and Fisher, 1958) that the extracellular sheath ...
... Roeder, 1956; Yamasaki and Narahashi, 1960; Treherne, 1962 b). These observations led to the suggestion (Twarog and Roeder, 1953; O'Brien and Fisher, 1958) that the extracellular sheath ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... gap between the two approaches, but faced two problems. First, reinforcement learning is typically formulated in a discrete framework, ill-adapted to the description of natural situations. Second, biologically plausible models of reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity require precise cal ...
... gap between the two approaches, but faced two problems. First, reinforcement learning is typically formulated in a discrete framework, ill-adapted to the description of natural situations. Second, biologically plausible models of reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity require precise cal ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... techniques. OrA-ir neurons were found principally in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at the level of the tuberal cinereum and in the dorsal and posterior hypothalamic areas. In the LHA the majority of the neurons were located dorsal and lateral to the fornix; a small number of OrAir neurons were ...
... techniques. OrA-ir neurons were found principally in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at the level of the tuberal cinereum and in the dorsal and posterior hypothalamic areas. In the LHA the majority of the neurons were located dorsal and lateral to the fornix; a small number of OrAir neurons were ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... penumbra of the cerebral cortex is obscure, we studied the temporal profile of these structures up to 12 weeks after the ischemic insult, using a gerbil model. Methods—Stroke-positive animals were selected according to their stroke index score during the first 10-minute left carotid occlusion done t ...
... penumbra of the cerebral cortex is obscure, we studied the temporal profile of these structures up to 12 weeks after the ischemic insult, using a gerbil model. Methods—Stroke-positive animals were selected according to their stroke index score during the first 10-minute left carotid occlusion done t ...