Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... variable latency and could sometimes evoke a single action potential in the recorded cell (Fig. 2 A). A second response observed in 37 (29%) of the GnRH neurons was attributable to the direct activation of their cell body or dendrite by the stimulating electrode. In this case, a very large current ( ...
... variable latency and could sometimes evoke a single action potential in the recorded cell (Fig. 2 A). A second response observed in 37 (29%) of the GnRH neurons was attributable to the direct activation of their cell body or dendrite by the stimulating electrode. In this case, a very large current ( ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... belonging to bursts are considered. In monkeys performing a motion discrimination task, the burst rate was found to reflect the direction of visual stimulus better than the average firing rate (Bair et al., 1994). In vitro, bursts of pyramidal neurons were found to underlie population synchrony in t ...
... belonging to bursts are considered. In monkeys performing a motion discrimination task, the burst rate was found to reflect the direction of visual stimulus better than the average firing rate (Bair et al., 1994). In vitro, bursts of pyramidal neurons were found to underlie population synchrony in t ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs under ...
... molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs under ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... -- basically it boils down to whether the model is sufficiently simple to be comprehensible, but not so simple as to make its behavior trivial or otherwise so fully transparent that it doesn't seem to be doing you any good in the first place. One last note on this issue is that the different levels ...
... -- basically it boils down to whether the model is sufficiently simple to be comprehensible, but not so simple as to make its behavior trivial or otherwise so fully transparent that it doesn't seem to be doing you any good in the first place. One last note on this issue is that the different levels ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... normal as assessed by histological stainings (Gallyas for myelinated fiber tracts; Golgi for random labeling of individual neurons) and marker expression (NeuN for differentiated neurons; Ctip2 for layer 5/6 projection neurons) (Fig. 1a– d). Neither microglia activation nor astrogliosis was observed ...
... normal as assessed by histological stainings (Gallyas for myelinated fiber tracts; Golgi for random labeling of individual neurons) and marker expression (NeuN for differentiated neurons; Ctip2 for layer 5/6 projection neurons) (Fig. 1a– d). Neither microglia activation nor astrogliosis was observed ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise from variability in the rate of rhythmic activity (i.e., cycle period) and in the intensity of action potential bursts (i.e., graded changes in intraburst action potential number a ...
... functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise from variability in the rate of rhythmic activity (i.e., cycle period) and in the intensity of action potential bursts (i.e., graded changes in intraburst action potential number a ...
Topographic cues of nanoscale height direct neuronal growth pattern
... scale as the axons, initially, nano-sized features were not expected to modify cell behavior. However, current studies have shown that neurons can interact closely with features of few hundreds of nanometers. Vertical nanopillars protruding from a flat surface serve as focal adhesion points and non-i ...
... scale as the axons, initially, nano-sized features were not expected to modify cell behavior. However, current studies have shown that neurons can interact closely with features of few hundreds of nanometers. Vertical nanopillars protruding from a flat surface serve as focal adhesion points and non-i ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... nucleus of the DBB. The horizontal dashed line, which passes through the border of the middle with the lower third of the nucleus accumbens, demarcates the MSN from the nucleus of the DBB. b. In this mane. the MSN is readilv seoarated from the nucleus of the DBB (horizontal dashed Zine). c, In this ...
... nucleus of the DBB. The horizontal dashed line, which passes through the border of the middle with the lower third of the nucleus accumbens, demarcates the MSN from the nucleus of the DBB. b. In this mane. the MSN is readilv seoarated from the nucleus of the DBB (horizontal dashed Zine). c, In this ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... Rey et al 2015). Fortunately, it appears that accurate spike sorting may not be necessary for good BCI performance (Ventura 2008, Fraser et al 2009, Chestek et al 2011, Malik et al 2014). Rather, a threshold can be set, and all voltage transients that exceed that threshold (that is, ʻthreshold cross ...
... Rey et al 2015). Fortunately, it appears that accurate spike sorting may not be necessary for good BCI performance (Ventura 2008, Fraser et al 2009, Chestek et al 2011, Malik et al 2014). Rather, a threshold can be set, and all voltage transients that exceed that threshold (that is, ʻthreshold cross ...
PDF+Links
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... subcerebral projection neurons in this layer (Arlotta et al., 2005) (Figures 1G, 1H, and 1J–J00 ). Each subtype of CFu neurons, therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high le ...
... subcerebral projection neurons in this layer (Arlotta et al., 2005) (Figures 1G, 1H, and 1J–J00 ). Each subtype of CFu neurons, therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high le ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... The inferior olivary nucleus is the source of the climbing fibres, one of the two major afferent pathways into the cerebellum. This thesis is concerned with aspects of the cellular anat ...
... The inferior olivary nucleus is the source of the climbing fibres, one of the two major afferent pathways into the cerebellum. This thesis is concerned with aspects of the cellular anat ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... normal rat was much smaller than that of the theta rhythm. In a project on hippocampal kindling, I found that CA1 fast waves increased in power by up to ten times for 20–30 min after a hippocampal afterdischarge induced by a Schaffer collateral tetanus (57). The bandwidth of the large postictal fast ...
... normal rat was much smaller than that of the theta rhythm. In a project on hippocampal kindling, I found that CA1 fast waves increased in power by up to ten times for 20–30 min after a hippocampal afterdischarge induced by a Schaffer collateral tetanus (57). The bandwidth of the large postictal fast ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... receptors, voltage-gated Na 1 channels, and C a 21 channels, respectively. C ells were held at a membrane potential of 280 mV, and I–V relationships were generated with test potentials from 2100 to 1 20 mV by 10 mV intervals, with solenoid valve-based application of agonists via a theta tube applica ...
... receptors, voltage-gated Na 1 channels, and C a 21 channels, respectively. C ells were held at a membrane potential of 280 mV, and I–V relationships were generated with test potentials from 2100 to 1 20 mV by 10 mV intervals, with solenoid valve-based application of agonists via a theta tube applica ...
Pallidal Origin of GABA Release within the Substantia Nigra Pars
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... in pressures in the LES, but no esophageal response. SLN stimulation at 10 Hz evoked a pharyngeal as well as an esophageal response, including relaxation followed by an aftercontraction of the LES. Each 9-s stimuli typically evoked two swallowing responses. c-fos expression in vagal subnuclei with S ...
... in pressures in the LES, but no esophageal response. SLN stimulation at 10 Hz evoked a pharyngeal as well as an esophageal response, including relaxation followed by an aftercontraction of the LES. Each 9-s stimuli typically evoked two swallowing responses. c-fos expression in vagal subnuclei with S ...
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, James W. Kalat Chapter 3
... The Major Divisions of the Nervous System ...
... The Major Divisions of the Nervous System ...
PDF
... review, we highlight recent advances in two species, the nematode C. elegans and the zebrafish D. rerio, that have unveiled genetic pathways required for establishing brain asymmetry. We first discuss the specification of the left and right amphid wing ‘C’ (AWC) neurons of the C. elegans olfactory s ...
... review, we highlight recent advances in two species, the nematode C. elegans and the zebrafish D. rerio, that have unveiled genetic pathways required for establishing brain asymmetry. We first discuss the specification of the left and right amphid wing ‘C’ (AWC) neurons of the C. elegans olfactory s ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... ons or cell bodies were penetrated with these electrodes that the dendritic sprouting is induced directly by the and the dye was iontophoresed with hyperpolarizing lesion and does not result from systemic influences current pulses of 1 Hz, 500 msec duration, and 20 nA evoked by the injury. amplitude ...
... ons or cell bodies were penetrated with these electrodes that the dendritic sprouting is induced directly by the and the dye was iontophoresed with hyperpolarizing lesion and does not result from systemic influences current pulses of 1 Hz, 500 msec duration, and 20 nA evoked by the injury. amplitude ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory lobe, which is organized into dense substructures called glomeruli. As is typica ...
... such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory lobe, which is organized into dense substructures called glomeruli. As is typica ...
Interactions Between the Lateral Hypothalamus and the
... recording was made from PAG neurons using a glass electrode (8-12 Ma) filled with 2 gm% pontamine skyblue dye in 0.5 M sodium acetate glued to another glass electode filled with 3 mM NT. Tungsten stimulating electrodes with tip diameters of 8-l 5 pm were placed in the LH and in the nucleus raphe mag ...
... recording was made from PAG neurons using a glass electrode (8-12 Ma) filled with 2 gm% pontamine skyblue dye in 0.5 M sodium acetate glued to another glass electode filled with 3 mM NT. Tungsten stimulating electrodes with tip diameters of 8-l 5 pm were placed in the LH and in the nucleus raphe mag ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... ⫻100 –500. The output of this device was further amplified (⫻50 – 200) and filtered (band width 100 Hz to 2 kHz) by means of an optically isolated amplifier (Applied Microelectronics Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada). The amplified neuronal signals, together with the cardiovascular signals, were digit ...
... ⫻100 –500. The output of this device was further amplified (⫻50 – 200) and filtered (band width 100 Hz to 2 kHz) by means of an optically isolated amplifier (Applied Microelectronics Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada). The amplified neuronal signals, together with the cardiovascular signals, were digit ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... (80–800 Hz). These data were used to construct the isointensity response curves. Stimuli consisted of 100 repetitions of 40 ms ramped tone bursts (10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) at frequencies of 80–800 Hz (80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 Hz). The frequency respons ...
... (80–800 Hz). These data were used to construct the isointensity response curves. Stimuli consisted of 100 repetitions of 40 ms ramped tone bursts (10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) at frequencies of 80–800 Hz (80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 Hz). The frequency respons ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... systems. As expected, the vast majority of PNMT-IR axons were also labeled for DBH. The majority of adrenergic (PNMT-IR) and a subpopulation of noradrenergic (DBH-IR but not PNMT-IR) axons also showed NPY-immunoreactivity. In the area of hypophysiotropic CRH neurons, the density of catecholaminergic ...
... systems. As expected, the vast majority of PNMT-IR axons were also labeled for DBH. The majority of adrenergic (PNMT-IR) and a subpopulation of noradrenergic (DBH-IR but not PNMT-IR) axons also showed NPY-immunoreactivity. In the area of hypophysiotropic CRH neurons, the density of catecholaminergic ...