REVIEW
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... that accordingly has a net-like (reticular) appearance. The neurons have long radiating dendrites that extend out through passing fibers and thus have the capacity to receive input from those fibers and their multiple sources. From the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain, the reticular ne ...
... that accordingly has a net-like (reticular) appearance. The neurons have long radiating dendrites that extend out through passing fibers and thus have the capacity to receive input from those fibers and their multiple sources. From the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain, the reticular ne ...
The neuroepithelial basement membrane serves as a boundary and
... Figure 1 FBMNs undergo a change in velocity upon contact with the Laminin-containing ventral basement membrane. (A) A maximum intensity projection of a confocal Z-stack of a tg(hoxb1aBAC:mRFP1); tg(isl1:GFP) double transgenic embryo at 48 hpf reveals that most Isl1:GFP positive neurons in both r6 an ...
... Figure 1 FBMNs undergo a change in velocity upon contact with the Laminin-containing ventral basement membrane. (A) A maximum intensity projection of a confocal Z-stack of a tg(hoxb1aBAC:mRFP1); tg(isl1:GFP) double transgenic embryo at 48 hpf reveals that most Isl1:GFP positive neurons in both r6 an ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... these 158 neurons, 120 were also tested during yaw stimulation and 61 during static tilt. For 53 neurons, all three conditions (dynamic vertical and horizontal stimulation as well as static tilt) were applied. Neurons responding to dynamic vertical stimulation composed Ç15–20% of the neurons tested. ...
... these 158 neurons, 120 were also tested during yaw stimulation and 61 during static tilt. For 53 neurons, all three conditions (dynamic vertical and horizontal stimulation as well as static tilt) were applied. Neurons responding to dynamic vertical stimulation composed Ç15–20% of the neurons tested. ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlinear increase in the evoked dendritic membrane depolarization (VD). (c) ...
... otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlinear increase in the evoked dendritic membrane depolarization (VD). (c) ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3). The labeled SI-projecting neurons in Pulo were medium-s ...
... primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3). The labeled SI-projecting neurons in Pulo were medium-s ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... NotI–SpeI and XhoI–KpnI linkers, respectively, inserted first into pBluescript for sequencing and then cut with XhoI and NotI for insertion into the same sites in pCMS. This region was chosen to extend from the C-terminal third of spectrin repeat 5 to the middle of spectrin repeat 9 (Alam et al., 19 ...
... NotI–SpeI and XhoI–KpnI linkers, respectively, inserted first into pBluescript for sequencing and then cut with XhoI and NotI for insertion into the same sites in pCMS. This region was chosen to extend from the C-terminal third of spectrin repeat 5 to the middle of spectrin repeat 9 (Alam et al., 19 ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... temporal frequency were systematically varied to quantitatively determine the neuron’s preferred tuning characteristics. For all neurons reported in this experiment, their CRF locations were within central 10° and CRF diameters ranged from 0.6° to 1.5°. The CRF of each neuron recorded was classified ...
... temporal frequency were systematically varied to quantitatively determine the neuron’s preferred tuning characteristics. For all neurons reported in this experiment, their CRF locations were within central 10° and CRF diameters ranged from 0.6° to 1.5°. The CRF of each neuron recorded was classified ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... 8. Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the only measure of success for a species is a. being the largest of the species. Incorrect. Being the largest is not always a desirable trait. In some species, the largest are the first to die off. b. not competing with members of the same species. c. p ...
... 8. Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the only measure of success for a species is a. being the largest of the species. Incorrect. Being the largest is not always a desirable trait. In some species, the largest are the first to die off. b. not competing with members of the same species. c. p ...
Sample
... 8. Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the only measure of success for a species is a. being the largest of the species. Incorrect. Being the largest is not always a desirable trait. In some species, the largest are the first to die off. b. not competing with members of the same species. c. p ...
... 8. Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the only measure of success for a species is a. being the largest of the species. Incorrect. Being the largest is not always a desirable trait. In some species, the largest are the first to die off. b. not competing with members of the same species. c. p ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest practical illumination time to limit photodynamic damage, and slices were kept outside the incubator for ⬍1 hr per session. This imaging protocol was found not to cause any apparent ill effects to the imaged neurons or the ...
... Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest practical illumination time to limit photodynamic damage, and slices were kept outside the incubator for ⬍1 hr per session. This imaging protocol was found not to cause any apparent ill effects to the imaged neurons or the ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... Synopsis The marine mollusc, Aplysia californica is a powerful experimental model in cellular and systems neuroscience. Aplysia neurons are large, colored, and located at the ganglionic surface. Because of this, many neurons can be easily identified in terms of their physiological properties, synapt ...
... Synopsis The marine mollusc, Aplysia californica is a powerful experimental model in cellular and systems neuroscience. Aplysia neurons are large, colored, and located at the ganglionic surface. Because of this, many neurons can be easily identified in terms of their physiological properties, synapt ...
2010 Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Neural
... Fig. 1. Functional neuroanatomic and neurotransmitter model for the fundamental pathways providing the thermoregulatory control and pyrogenic activation of cutaneous vasoconstriction (CVC), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and shivering thermogenesis. Cool and warm cutaneous thermal sensory receptors tra ...
... Fig. 1. Functional neuroanatomic and neurotransmitter model for the fundamental pathways providing the thermoregulatory control and pyrogenic activation of cutaneous vasoconstriction (CVC), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and shivering thermogenesis. Cool and warm cutaneous thermal sensory receptors tra ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... inhibitory effects may involve hyperpolarization and blockade of action potential firing (Miles et al., 1996) or may lead to changes in membrane conductance that reduce the amplitude of excitatory responses (Borg-Graham et al., 1998). Although, it is known for some time that interneurons are morphol ...
... inhibitory effects may involve hyperpolarization and blockade of action potential firing (Miles et al., 1996) or may lead to changes in membrane conductance that reduce the amplitude of excitatory responses (Borg-Graham et al., 1998). Although, it is known for some time that interneurons are morphol ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... used to calculate the total number of HVC neurons, of fluorogoldbackfilled HVC neurons, of ‘H-labeled HVC neurons, and of ‘H-labeled fluorogold-backfilled HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere ...
... used to calculate the total number of HVC neurons, of fluorogoldbackfilled HVC neurons, of ‘H-labeled HVC neurons, and of ‘H-labeled fluorogold-backfilled HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... from different dendritic branches almost simultaneously. Consequently, inputs must arrive within a short time period to significantly raise the electrical potential at the soma; the timing within this interval affects the magnitude of contribution from each input. When the overall electrical input f ...
... from different dendritic branches almost simultaneously. Consequently, inputs must arrive within a short time period to significantly raise the electrical potential at the soma; the timing within this interval affects the magnitude of contribution from each input. When the overall electrical input f ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... eye position (Schlag-Rey and Schlag 1984; Wyder and others 2003). For oculomotor control, it is widely accepted that command of eye position is computed by the brainstem circuitry called ‘‘velocity-to-position integrator’’ that calculates the time integral of eye movement (velocity) signals (Robinso ...
... eye position (Schlag-Rey and Schlag 1984; Wyder and others 2003). For oculomotor control, it is widely accepted that command of eye position is computed by the brainstem circuitry called ‘‘velocity-to-position integrator’’ that calculates the time integral of eye movement (velocity) signals (Robinso ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... (Figures 2D, E). Since activity persisted throughout the delay into the time when the monkey was making the behavioral response and because enhancement was observed in neurons with response direction selectivity, changes in firing were interpreted as reflecting motivational enhancement of motor outp ...
... (Figures 2D, E). Since activity persisted throughout the delay into the time when the monkey was making the behavioral response and because enhancement was observed in neurons with response direction selectivity, changes in firing were interpreted as reflecting motivational enhancement of motor outp ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... were pulled from soft borosilicate glass. When they were fire-polished and filled with the intracellular solution, they had a resistance of 2 – 3 MV. Currents were digitally sampled at 200-As intervals by a 12-digit ADC board, filtered at 3 kHz, and stored on a hard disk for further analysis. Access ...
... were pulled from soft borosilicate glass. When they were fire-polished and filled with the intracellular solution, they had a resistance of 2 – 3 MV. Currents were digitally sampled at 200-As intervals by a 12-digit ADC board, filtered at 3 kHz, and stored on a hard disk for further analysis. Access ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... Instruments, USA), filtered between 0.5-10kHz, sampled at 20kHz and analyzed with pClamp8 software (Axon Instruments, USA). The frequency of extracellular action potentials was determined online in bins of 15s duration. Intracellular recordings from TM neurons were obtained using sharp glass microel ...
... Instruments, USA), filtered between 0.5-10kHz, sampled at 20kHz and analyzed with pClamp8 software (Axon Instruments, USA). The frequency of extracellular action potentials was determined online in bins of 15s duration. Intracellular recordings from TM neurons were obtained using sharp glass microel ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... TrakEM2 (Cardona et al., 2010). Each neuron and glial cell was manually reconstructed in 3D with computer-assisted segmentation tools provided by TrakEM2. Reconstructed neurons were rendered in 3D with the software ImageJ 3D Viewer (Schmid et al., 2010). TrakEM2 is part of the FIJI software package, ...
... TrakEM2 (Cardona et al., 2010). Each neuron and glial cell was manually reconstructed in 3D with computer-assisted segmentation tools provided by TrakEM2. Reconstructed neurons were rendered in 3D with the software ImageJ 3D Viewer (Schmid et al., 2010). TrakEM2 is part of the FIJI software package, ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... the recording sites could be localized within the boundaries of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Autoradiography. Following removal, brain tissue was rapidly frozen in isopentane (2-methylbutane) at -25°C. Series of lo- to 15-pm-thick sections were cut, mounted on chromalun gelatin-coated slides, ...
... the recording sites could be localized within the boundaries of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Autoradiography. Following removal, brain tissue was rapidly frozen in isopentane (2-methylbutane) at -25°C. Series of lo- to 15-pm-thick sections were cut, mounted on chromalun gelatin-coated slides, ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... afferents on their shafts becomes more apparent when their forms are reconstructed from serial thin sections, as shown in Figs. 3-7. At this point it will help to give an indication of how to interpret the five reconstructions illustrated here. As shown from the I ~m markers, the reconstructed lengt ...
... afferents on their shafts becomes more apparent when their forms are reconstructed from serial thin sections, as shown in Figs. 3-7. At this point it will help to give an indication of how to interpret the five reconstructions illustrated here. As shown from the I ~m markers, the reconstructed lengt ...