Neuronal innervation of the exocrine defence glands in stick insects
... They increase the potential for survival and thus contribute to the individual fitness of an organism. Two modes of defence are commonly distinguished: primary defence mechanisms (avoiding detection or contact, e. g. by crypsis) and secondary defence mechanisms (defence elicited only after detection ...
... They increase the potential for survival and thus contribute to the individual fitness of an organism. Two modes of defence are commonly distinguished: primary defence mechanisms (avoiding detection or contact, e. g. by crypsis) and secondary defence mechanisms (defence elicited only after detection ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... ventrally before extending toward the midline along the border of the CD44/SSEA neurons (Marcus and Mason, 1995) (Fig. 3A–D). Later in development, RGC axons make distinct pathway choices at the midline, thereby projecting to targets on both sides of the brain (Figs. 4 A–D, 5A). At E12.5, robo1 is e ...
... ventrally before extending toward the midline along the border of the CD44/SSEA neurons (Marcus and Mason, 1995) (Fig. 3A–D). Later in development, RGC axons make distinct pathway choices at the midline, thereby projecting to targets on both sides of the brain (Figs. 4 A–D, 5A). At E12.5, robo1 is e ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... PV-GPe neurons have narrower action potentials, higher maximum firing rates, and higher baseline firing rates than Lhx6-GPe neurons (Mastro et al., 2014). Second, optogenetic activation of Lhx6- and PV-GPe neurons produces different effects on behavior. Interestingly, the effects of activating these ...
... PV-GPe neurons have narrower action potentials, higher maximum firing rates, and higher baseline firing rates than Lhx6-GPe neurons (Mastro et al., 2014). Second, optogenetic activation of Lhx6- and PV-GPe neurons produces different effects on behavior. Interestingly, the effects of activating these ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... execution19–21. Although it is possible that their activation is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for ...
... execution19–21. Although it is possible that their activation is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... above (Fig. 2). Single-pulse (lasting 0.1 ms) electrical stimuli individual ACC neurons (Fig. 3A,B). Our results show that the type were delivered to the CA1 with variable intertrial intervals I neurons have a higher probability of firing with short interspike (between 10 and 15 s) while continuousl ...
... above (Fig. 2). Single-pulse (lasting 0.1 ms) electrical stimuli individual ACC neurons (Fig. 3A,B). Our results show that the type were delivered to the CA1 with variable intertrial intervals I neurons have a higher probability of firing with short interspike (between 10 and 15 s) while continuousl ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... that the data from this study may have much broader behavioral implications, including alterations in affective and cognitive processes. Specifically, we will focus on converging evidence suggesting that oxytocin modulation of NTS function could influence the development of stress and anxiety-like b ...
... that the data from this study may have much broader behavioral implications, including alterations in affective and cognitive processes. Specifically, we will focus on converging evidence suggesting that oxytocin modulation of NTS function could influence the development of stress and anxiety-like b ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... During recordings from the chronically implanted microelectrode arrays we used in V1 and V4, it is nearly impossible to tell whether we recorded from the same single- or multi-unit clusters on the array across subsequent days. We therefore included analyses of individual example recording sessions ( ...
... During recordings from the chronically implanted microelectrode arrays we used in V1 and V4, it is nearly impossible to tell whether we recorded from the same single- or multi-unit clusters on the array across subsequent days. We therefore included analyses of individual example recording sessions ( ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, ...
... these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Due to its non-spinal ...
... projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Due to its non-spinal ...
Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude
... a period of several months . Daily recording sessions were conducted in a double-walled soundproofed room . During data collection, the rabbit was placed in a custom plexiglass cradle and its body was restrained in a zippered Lycra sleeve . The rabbit's head was clamped in a fixed position via the h ...
... a period of several months . Daily recording sessions were conducted in a double-walled soundproofed room . During data collection, the rabbit was placed in a custom plexiglass cradle and its body was restrained in a zippered Lycra sleeve . The rabbit's head was clamped in a fixed position via the h ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... NMDARs are present and functional at axonal growth cones of young hippocampal neurons. Somatic whole-cell recordings of young neurons reveal NMDAR-mediated currents in response to local application of NMDA at axonal growth cones, while calcium imaging experiments show that these NMDARs elicit local ...
... NMDARs are present and functional at axonal growth cones of young hippocampal neurons. Somatic whole-cell recordings of young neurons reveal NMDAR-mediated currents in response to local application of NMDA at axonal growth cones, while calcium imaging experiments show that these NMDARs elicit local ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... were incubated in sucrose-ACSF solution containing SR-101(0.7 lmol/L) at 34–35°C for 25 min, followed by 15 min in dye free sucrose-ACSF and then maintained at room temperature in ACSF (McDougal et al. 2011; Huda et al. 2013). Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in neurons or glial cell ...
... were incubated in sucrose-ACSF solution containing SR-101(0.7 lmol/L) at 34–35°C for 25 min, followed by 15 min in dye free sucrose-ACSF and then maintained at room temperature in ACSF (McDougal et al. 2011; Huda et al. 2013). Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in neurons or glial cell ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... After behavioral conditioning, animals were implanted under deep pentobarbital sodium anesthesia and aseptic conditions with two cylinders for head fixation and a stainless steel chamber permitting vertical access with microelectrodes to the left frontal lobe. The dura was left intact. Teflon-coated ...
... After behavioral conditioning, animals were implanted under deep pentobarbital sodium anesthesia and aseptic conditions with two cylinders for head fixation and a stainless steel chamber permitting vertical access with microelectrodes to the left frontal lobe. The dura was left intact. Teflon-coated ...
Effects of tryptophan andror acute running on extracellular 5
... In keeping with the early observation that the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis, is only partly saturated under basal conditions w7x, it is logical to observe that food deprivation, acute exercise, or the combination of both increase 5-HT synthesis Ža ...
... In keeping with the early observation that the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis, is only partly saturated under basal conditions w7x, it is logical to observe that food deprivation, acute exercise, or the combination of both increase 5-HT synthesis Ža ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... (MO-81, Narishige). After determination of the AP and ML stereotaxic coordinates using the guide cannula as a reference, the electrode was placed over a target structure. The exposed brain surface was cleaned and 1% xylocaine was applied to the electrode insertion point. The electrode was then lower ...
... (MO-81, Narishige). After determination of the AP and ML stereotaxic coordinates using the guide cannula as a reference, the electrode was placed over a target structure. The exposed brain surface was cleaned and 1% xylocaine was applied to the electrode insertion point. The electrode was then lower ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... axotomy (7, 30, 45, 57). Regenerative failure after CNS injury has been attributed both to intrinsic neuronal and extrinsic environmental factors. The environment of the PNS is clearly conducive for axonal regrowth of either peripheral or central axons (23, 53, 54, 68), while the mature CNS environm ...
... axotomy (7, 30, 45, 57). Regenerative failure after CNS injury has been attributed both to intrinsic neuronal and extrinsic environmental factors. The environment of the PNS is clearly conducive for axonal regrowth of either peripheral or central axons (23, 53, 54, 68), while the mature CNS environm ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... saphenous vein was cannulated for administration of fluids and supplemental anesthetics, as needed. Each of the implanted stimulating electrodes was connected, through a stimulation isolation unit (Grass SIU-5), to a Grass stimulator (S-88). For recording, a glass insulated tungsten electrode (tip e ...
... saphenous vein was cannulated for administration of fluids and supplemental anesthetics, as needed. Each of the implanted stimulating electrodes was connected, through a stimulation isolation unit (Grass SIU-5), to a Grass stimulator (S-88). For recording, a glass insulated tungsten electrode (tip e ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry Counters the
... It is thought that the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol ...
... It is thought that the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol ...