Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... mean prestimulus spontaneous firing rate from its firing rate. An average of each of these two measures was obtained for up to three neurons recorded simultaneously from the same electrode at the same depth (either supragranular or granular) in a penetration. Subsequently, the data were grouped acco ...
... mean prestimulus spontaneous firing rate from its firing rate. An average of each of these two measures was obtained for up to three neurons recorded simultaneously from the same electrode at the same depth (either supragranular or granular) in a penetration. Subsequently, the data were grouped acco ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... expiratory intercostal and abdominal muscles contract (Fig. 2A). On the basis of recordings of the activity of brain stem neurons that were rhythmically active in phase with respiration, six different types of neurons have been defined on the basis of their firing patterns, their membrane potential ...
... expiratory intercostal and abdominal muscles contract (Fig. 2A). On the basis of recordings of the activity of brain stem neurons that were rhythmically active in phase with respiration, six different types of neurons have been defined on the basis of their firing patterns, their membrane potential ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. ...
... by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... scope of the present article, we would like to note a particularity. Tracer injection into individual mitral cells showed that their dendrites projected in a characteristic way, mainly into two or a few glomeruli (Fig. 5; see Supplementary Material for a 3D rotatable reconstruction). In ...
... scope of the present article, we would like to note a particularity. Tracer injection into individual mitral cells showed that their dendrites projected in a characteristic way, mainly into two or a few glomeruli (Fig. 5; see Supplementary Material for a 3D rotatable reconstruction). In ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... were applied to the most effective spinal electrode to help in isolating RSNs with low or no spontaneous activity. When a neuron was isolated, stimulation was applied to each of the spinal electrodes in turn to determine whether the cell could be activated antidromically from the spinal cord. Cells ...
... were applied to the most effective spinal electrode to help in isolating RSNs with low or no spontaneous activity. When a neuron was isolated, stimulation was applied to each of the spinal electrodes in turn to determine whether the cell could be activated antidromically from the spinal cord. Cells ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... has given rise to the proposition that there is a fundamental neuronal circuit, the so-called canonical microcircuit [Douglas et al., 1989]. This circuit specifies a connectivity pattern of different cell types in the cortical layers and its input from the thalamus. Being repeated many times in each ...
... has given rise to the proposition that there is a fundamental neuronal circuit, the so-called canonical microcircuit [Douglas et al., 1989]. This circuit specifies a connectivity pattern of different cell types in the cortical layers and its input from the thalamus. Being repeated many times in each ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... Typical and well-studied examples of behavioral learning are those in which the firing rates of individual cortical neurons in monkeys are increased using rewards. These results have been reproduced using reinforcement learning rules, such as a variant of STDP called reward-modulated spike-timing-d ...
... Typical and well-studied examples of behavioral learning are those in which the firing rates of individual cortical neurons in monkeys are increased using rewards. These results have been reproduced using reinforcement learning rules, such as a variant of STDP called reward-modulated spike-timing-d ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... larger brains and consequently heavier heads. Clearly, the orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanism that controls the integration process, with which an appropr ...
... larger brains and consequently heavier heads. Clearly, the orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanism that controls the integration process, with which an appropr ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... immunolabels Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. The distribution and organization of Purkinje cells in AS mice was similar to WT, with no obvious differences being apparent at the light microscope level. Furthermore, we did not detect any differences in Purkinje cell number between WT and AS mice (WT ...
... immunolabels Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. The distribution and organization of Purkinje cells in AS mice was similar to WT, with no obvious differences being apparent at the light microscope level. Furthermore, we did not detect any differences in Purkinje cell number between WT and AS mice (WT ...
Axonal Membranes and Their Domains: Assembly and Function of
... and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function. Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits. Two critical excitable domains of vertebrate axons a ...
... and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function. Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits. Two critical excitable domains of vertebrate axons a ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
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... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et al. 2008). These studies showed that the numbers of phasic respiratory activities in mPB and KF significantly increased after vagotomy or absence of lung inflation, while tonic activity with weak respiratory modulation dominated when vagi were intact or during lung infla ...
... Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et al. 2008). These studies showed that the numbers of phasic respiratory activities in mPB and KF significantly increased after vagotomy or absence of lung inflation, while tonic activity with weak respiratory modulation dominated when vagi were intact or during lung infla ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... GABA, or with immunolabeling for choline acetyltransferase or parvalbumin. Tracer injections into medial and ventral prefrontal areas gave rise to dense terminal arborizations in extended basal forebrain areas, particularly in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and the region ventral to it. Te ...
... GABA, or with immunolabeling for choline acetyltransferase or parvalbumin. Tracer injections into medial and ventral prefrontal areas gave rise to dense terminal arborizations in extended basal forebrain areas, particularly in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and the region ventral to it. Te ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... execution19–21. Although it is possible that their activation is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for ...
... execution19–21. Although it is possible that their activation is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... major drawbacks of Ca-imaging experiments make it necessary to perform complementary studies of AL processing at the level of single neurons. First, the Ca signal is comparably slow and, thus, fast temporal dynamics on time scales of ∼1–100 ms are difficult to address. Second, Ca imaging from the AL ...
... major drawbacks of Ca-imaging experiments make it necessary to perform complementary studies of AL processing at the level of single neurons. First, the Ca signal is comparably slow and, thus, fast temporal dynamics on time scales of ∼1–100 ms are difficult to address. Second, Ca imaging from the AL ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... been used to establish the sensorimotor transformations by which vestibular information is transformed into a motor output. This approach followed logically from the influential theory of a reflex chain made popular more than a century ago by Sherrington (1906). By recording from individual neurons at ...
... been used to establish the sensorimotor transformations by which vestibular information is transformed into a motor output. This approach followed logically from the influential theory of a reflex chain made popular more than a century ago by Sherrington (1906). By recording from individual neurons at ...
Serotonin synthesis, release and reuptake in terminals: a
... Traditionally, serotonin (5-HT) has been associated to a wide variety of behaviors including feeding and body-weight regulation, social hierarchies, aggression and suicidality, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcoholism, anxiety, and affective disorders[1]. In addition, 5-HT has been linked to motor ...
... Traditionally, serotonin (5-HT) has been associated to a wide variety of behaviors including feeding and body-weight regulation, social hierarchies, aggression and suicidality, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcoholism, anxiety, and affective disorders[1]. In addition, 5-HT has been linked to motor ...
Co-activation of VTA DA and GABA neurons mediates nicotine
... 0.127 mm; Figure 4a) is inserted into the VTA and held in a fixed position by means of a small connector. The tip of the injection cannula projects beyond the guide cannula by 1.5 mm (Figure 4a). It is connected by flexible polyethylene tubing to the microinjection system, which houses a 5-ml Hamilton ...
... 0.127 mm; Figure 4a) is inserted into the VTA and held in a fixed position by means of a small connector. The tip of the injection cannula projects beyond the guide cannula by 1.5 mm (Figure 4a). It is connected by flexible polyethylene tubing to the microinjection system, which houses a 5-ml Hamilton ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... respiration artifact (1.5–2.5 Hz; see also Hu et al. 2002) in the LFPs was negated by partialization of coherence measures with the respiration waveform as the “predictor” (see following text). Artifact-free data were then visually inspected and epochs of robust cortical slow-wave activity (see Fig. ...
... respiration artifact (1.5–2.5 Hz; see also Hu et al. 2002) in the LFPs was negated by partialization of coherence measures with the respiration waveform as the “predictor” (see following text). Artifact-free data were then visually inspected and epochs of robust cortical slow-wave activity (see Fig. ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... ABSTRACT: Adult male Wistar rats were treated with inorganic lead, mercury and manganese, and their double combinations, in acute application. The aim was to study the effects on spontaneous and stimulus-evoked cortical, and evoked peripheral, nervous activity, to detect any interaction of the metal ...
... ABSTRACT: Adult male Wistar rats were treated with inorganic lead, mercury and manganese, and their double combinations, in acute application. The aim was to study the effects on spontaneous and stimulus-evoked cortical, and evoked peripheral, nervous activity, to detect any interaction of the metal ...
Neuronal innervation of the exocrine defence glands in stick insects
... They increase the potential for survival and thus contribute to the individual fitness of an organism. Two modes of defence are commonly distinguished: primary defence mechanisms (avoiding detection or contact, e. g. by crypsis) and secondary defence mechanisms (defence elicited only after detection ...
... They increase the potential for survival and thus contribute to the individual fitness of an organism. Two modes of defence are commonly distinguished: primary defence mechanisms (avoiding detection or contact, e. g. by crypsis) and secondary defence mechanisms (defence elicited only after detection ...